Meditations — Page 8

Vocabulary

但

dàn — But; however; yet; introduces contrast.

从

cóng — From; based on; following a source or perspective.

他

tā — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun.

谈及

tán jí — To mention; to speak about a topic.

基督徒

jīdū tú — Christian; a follower of Christianity.

时

shí — When; at the time of; during.

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.

语气

yǔqì — Tone; manner of speaking; attitude expressed in speech.

来看

lái kàn — Judging from; looking at it from a perspective.

显然

xiǎnrán — Obviously; clearly; evidently apparent.

对

duì — Toward; regarding; with respect to.

了解

liǎojiě — To understand; to have knowledge about something.

仅

jǐn — Only; merely; just; limited to.

来自

láizì — To come from; originating from a source.

诽谤

fěibàng — Slander; defamation; false malicious statements about someone.

而且

érqiě — Moreover; furthermore; in addition.

我们

wǒmen — We; us; first-person plural pronoun.

也

yě — Also; too; as well; likewise.

未曾

wèicéng — Never; have not ever done something.

听闻

tīngwén — To hear of; to learn of through hearing.

采取

cǎiqǔ — To adopt; to take measures or actions.

任何

rènhé — Any; whatever; no matter which.

措施

cuòshī — Measures; steps taken to achieve a goal.

哪怕

nǎpà — Even if; even though; regardless of.

只是

zhǐshì — Just; merely; only; simply.

确保

quèbǎo — To ensure; to guarantee a certain outcome.

能

néng — Can; to be able to; capability.

获得

huòdé — To obtain; to gain; to receive something.

公正

gōngzhèng — Fair; just; impartial treatment or judgment.

聆讯

línxùn — Hearing; formal legal proceeding to hear a case.

在

zài — In; at; on; indicates location or context.

这方面

zhè fāngmiàn — In this regard; in this aspect or area.

比

bǐ — Than; compared to; surpassing in comparison.

做得

zuò de — To do; performance of an action or task.

更好

gèng hǎo — Better; even more good; superior in quality.

对于

duìyú — For; regarding; with respect to a matter.

一个

yī gè — One; a single unit or individual.

善于

shànyú — Good at; skilled in; adept at doing something.

思考

sīkǎo — To think deeply; to reflect; to contemplate.

人

rén — Person; human being; people.

而言

éryán — As far as ... is concerned; speaking from a perspective.

像

xiàng — Like; resembling; such as an example.

这样

zhèyàng — Such; like this; of this kind.

宗教

zōngjiào — Religion; organized system of beliefs and worship.

给予

jǐyǔ — To give; to provide; to offer something to someone.

满足

mǎnzú — Satisfaction; to satisfy a need or desire.

实在

shízài — Really; truly; in reality; genuinely.

有限

yǒuxiàn — Limited; restricted; not sufficient or extensive.

其

qí — Its; their; his; third-person possessive pronoun.

神话传说

shénhuà chuánshuō — Myths and legends; traditional stories involving gods.

往往

wǎngwǎng — Often; frequently; usually the case.

幼稚

yòuzhì — Childish; naive; immature in thinking or content.

荒诞

huāngdàn — Absurd; ridiculous; wildly unreasonable or fantastical.

教义

jiàoyì — Doctrine; religious teachings and principles.

与

yǔ — And; with; together with; linking elements.

道德

dàodé — Morality; ethics; moral principles and conduct.

几乎

jīhū — Almost; nearly; practically; close to entirely.

毫无

háowú — Absolutely no; not the slightest; zero connection.

关联

guānlián — Connection; relationship; association between things.

实质上

shízhì shang — In essence; essentially; fundamentally speaking.

是

shì — Is; am; are; to be; linking verb.

一种

yī zhǒng — A kind of; a type of; one sort.

交易

jiāoyì — Transaction; deal; exchange between two parties.

人们

rénmen — People; human beings in general; folks.

献上

xiàn shàng — To offer up; to present as a sacrifice or gift.

特定

tèdìng — Specific; particular; designated for a purpose.

祭品

jìpǐn — Offering; sacrificial item presented to a deity.

并

bìng — And; moreover; simultaneously performing actions.

履行

lǚxíng — To fulfill; to carry out duties or obligations.

礼仪

lǐyí — Ritual; ceremony; formal rites and etiquette.

神明

shénmíng — Deity; divine being; god or spirit.

便

biàn — Then; consequently; as a result; thereupon.

施予

shīyǔ — To bestow; to grant; to give favor or blessing.

恩惠

ēnhuì — Favor; blessing; benevolence granted to someone.

而

ér — And; but; while; connecting clauses or ideas.

不论

bùlùn — Regardless of; no matter; irrespective of circumstance.

是非

shìfēi — Right and wrong; moral judgment; disputes.

对错

duìcuò — Right or wrong; correctness versus incorrectness.

这种

zhè zhǒng — This kind of; this type of situation.

情况下

qíngkuàng xià — Under these circumstances; in this situation.

所有

suǒyǒu — All; every; the entirety of something.

虔诚

qiánchéng — Devout; pious; sincere in religious belief.

灵魂

línghún — Soul; spirit; the inner spiritual essence of a person.

都

dōu — All; both; every; without exception.

不得不

bùdébù — Have no choice but to; must; compelled to.

转而

zhuǎn ér — To turn to; to shift instead toward something else.

求助于

qiúzhù yú — To seek help from; to turn to for assistance.

哲学

zhéxué — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions of existence.

正如

zhèngrú — Just as; exactly as; in the same way that.

他们

tāmen — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

所

suǒ — That which; what; used before verbs for nominalization.

经历

jīnglì — To experience; to go through; lived experience.

那样

nàyàng — Like that; in that way; of that kind.

尽管

jǐnguǎn — Although; even though; despite the fact that.

程度

chéngdù — Degree; extent; level of something.

帝国

dìguó — Empire; a large realm ruled by an emperor.

早期

zǎoqī — Early period; initial stage of a time period.

有

yǒu — To have; there is; to exist.

两个

liǎng gè — Two; a pair of; two units.

相互

xiānghù — Mutual; each other; reciprocal between parties.

竞争

jìngzhēng — To compete; competition; rivalry between parties.

学派

xuépài — School of thought; philosophical or academic sect.

瓜分

guāfēn — To divide up; to carve out shares among parties.

了

le — Completion particle; indicates completed action or change.

整个

zhěnggè — Entire; whole; the complete entirety of something.

思想

sīxiǎng — Thought; ideology; intellectual ideas and beliefs.

领域

lǐngyù — Domain; field; realm of activity or knowledge.

即

jí — Namely; that is; specifically referring to.

主义

zhǔyì — Doctrine; ideology; an -ism or system of belief.

标榜

biāobǎng — To advocate; to flaunt; to promote as an ideal.

理想

lǐxiǎng — Ideal; aspiration; perfect concept or goal.

名义上

míngyì shang — Nominally; in name only; on the surface.

大体

dàtǐ — Generally; broadly; in most respects similar.

相同

xiāngtóng — Same; identical; alike in nature or character.

派

pài — Faction; school; sect or group with shared beliefs.

追求

zhuīqiú — To pursue; to seek; to strive for a goal.

一切

yīqiè — Everything; all things; without exception.

情感

qínggǎn — Emotion; feeling; affective inner experience.

压制

yāzhì — To suppress; to repress; to hold down forcefully.

则

zé — Then; while; on the other hand; contrasting conjunction.

免于

miǎn yú — To be free from; to be exempt from something unpleasant.

纷扰

fēnrǎo — Disturbance; turmoil; confusion and trouble.

自由

zìyóu — Freedom; liberty; being free from restraint.

然而

rán'ér — However; nevertheless; yet; introducing contrast.

最终

zuìzhōng — Ultimately; in the end; finally.

前者

qiánzhě — The former; the first of two mentioned items.

成了

chéngle — Became; turned into; came to represent.

坚忍克己

jiānrěn kèjǐ — Stoic endurance and self-discipline; persevering with self-restraint.

代名词

dàimíngcí — Synonym; byword; something emblematic of a concept.

后者

hòuzhě — The latter; the second of two mentioned items.

放纵无度

fàngzòng wúdù — Excessive indulgence; unrestrained self-indulgent behavior without limits.

此处

cǐchù — Here; at this point; in this place or context.

无关

wúguān — Irrelevant; unrelated; having no connection to.

值得

zhídé — Worth; deserving of; meriting attention or effort.

篇幅

piānfú — Space; length of a piece of writing or text.

简述

jiǎnshù — To briefly describe; to give a short account.

历史

lìshǐ — History; the record of past events.

创始人

chuàngshǐ rén — Founder; person who established an organization or movement.

生于

shēng yú — Born in; born at a place or time.

确切

quèqiè — Exact; precise; accurate and definite.

不详

bùxiáng — Unknown; not clearly known or recorded.

生平

shēngpíng — Life story; one's life experience and history.

大致

dàzhì — Roughly; approximately; generally speaking.

可

kě — Can; may; possible; expressing possibility.

定于

dìng yú — Fixed at; set at; established as a specific time.

公元前

gōngyuán qián — Before the Common Era; BC; before year zero.

年

nián — Year; annual; a unit of time measurement.

至

zhì — To; until; up to a point in time or space.

之间

zhījiān — Between; among; in the interval of two points.