Meditations — Page 10
In order to live in accord with nature, it is necessary to know what nature is; and to this end a threefold division of philosophy is made—into _Physics_, dealing with the universe and its laws, the problems of divine government and teleology; _Logic_, which trains the mind to discern true from false; and _Ethics_, which applies the knowledge thus gained and tested to practical life.
为了按照自然的法则生活，必须了解自然是什么；为此，哲学被划分为三个部分——"自然学"，处理宇宙及其法则、神圣治理与目的论的问题；"逻辑学"，训练心智辨别真伪；以及"伦理学"，将由此获得并经过检验的知识应用于实际生活。
The Stoic system of physics was materialism with an infusion of pantheism.
斯多葛派的自然学体系是一种融入了泛神论的唯物主义。
In contradiction to Plato's view that the Ideas, or Prototypes, of phenomena alone really exist, the Stoics held that material objects alone existed; but immanent in the material universe was a spiritual force which acted through them, manifesting itself under many forms, as fire, æther, spirit, soul, reason, the ruling principle.
与柏拉图认为唯有现象的理念或原型才真实存在的观点相反，斯多葛派主张唯有物质对象才是存在的；然而在物质宇宙之中内在地蕴含着一种精神力量，通过物质而发挥作用，以多种形式显现自身，如火、以太、精气、灵魂、理性和主宰原则。
The universe, then, is God, of whom the popular gods are manifestations; while legends and myths are allegorical.
因此，宇宙即是神，民间诸神不过是神的显现；而传说与神话则具有寓言性质。
The soul of man is thus an emanation from the godhead, into whom it will eventually be re-absorbed.
人的灵魂因此是从神性中流溢而出的，最终将重新被吸收回归于神。
The divine ruling principle makes all things work together for good, but for the good of the whole.
神圣的主宰原则使万物共同趋向善，然而这是整体之善。
The highest good of man is consciously to work with God for the common good, and this is the sense in which the Stoic tried to live in accord with nature.
人的最高善是自觉地与神共同为公共之善而努力，这正是斯多葛派所追求的与自然和谐生活的意义所在。
In the individual it is virtue alone which enables him to do this; as Providence rules the universe, so virtue in the soul must rule man.
就个人而言，唯有美德才能使他做到这一点；正如天命主宰宇宙，灵魂中的美德也必须主宰人。
Vocabulary
- 为了
- wèile — in order to; for the purpose of
- 按照
- ànzhào — according to; in accordance with
- 自然
- zìrán — nature; natural; naturally
- 的
- de — structural particle indicating possession or modification
- 法则
- fǎzé — rule; law; principle governing things
- 生活
- shēnghuó — life; to live; daily existence
- 必须
- bìxū — must; have to; obligatory
- 了解
- liǎojiě — to understand; to find out about something
- 是
- shì — to be; is; am; are
- 什么
- shénme — what; whatever; any
- 为此
- wèicǐ — for this reason; to this end
- 哲学
- zhéxué — philosophy; the study of fundamental questions
- 被
- bèi — passive marker; by (indicates passive voice)
- 划分
- huàfēn — to divide; to partition into sections
- 为
- wéi — to be; to serve as; into
- 三个
- sāngè — three (items); a quantity of three
- 部分
- bùfen — part; section; portion of a whole
- 自然学
- zìránxué — natural philosophy; study of nature and cosmos
- 处理
- chǔlǐ — to handle; to deal with; to process
- 宇宙
- yǔzhòu — universe; cosmos; all of space and time
- 及其
- jíqí — and its; along with its related aspects
- 神圣
- shénshèng — sacred; divine; holy
- 治理
- zhìlǐ — governance; to govern; to administer
- 与
- yǔ — and; with; together with
- 目的论
- mùdìlùn — teleology; doctrine of purpose-driven natural processes
- 问题
- wèntí — question; problem; issue
- 逻辑学
- luójíxué — logic; study of valid reasoning and argumentation
- 训练
- xùnliàn — to train; to drill; systematic practice
- 心智
- xīnzhì — mind; intellect; mental faculties
- 辨别
- biànbié — to distinguish; to differentiate between things
- 真伪
- zhēnwěi — truth and falsehood; authentic versus fake
- 以及
- yǐjí — as well as; and also; together with
- 伦理学
- lúnlǐxué — ethics; study of moral principles and conduct
- 将
- jiāng — will; shall; going to (future marker)
- 由此
- yóucǐ — from this; thereby; as a result of this
- 获得
- huòdé — to obtain; to acquire; to gain
- 并
- bìng — and; furthermore; simultaneously
- 经过
- jīngguò — to go through; after undergoing a process
- 检验
- jiǎnyàn — to test; to examine; to verify
- 知识
- zhīshi — knowledge; learning; information acquired
- 应用于
- yìngyòng yú — to apply to; to put into practical use
- 实际
- shíjì — practical; actual; reality; real-world application
- 斯多葛派
- Sīduōgě pài — Stoic school; ancient Greek philosophical movement
- 体系
- tǐxì — system; organized structure of ideas or things
- 一种
- yīzhǒng — a kind of; one type of
- 融入了
- róngrùle — has incorporated; blended into; integrated within
- 泛神论
- fànshénlùn — pantheism; belief that God is everything
- 唯物主义
- wéiwù zhǔyì — materialism; philosophy that only matter exists
- 柏拉图
- Bólātú — Plato; ancient Greek philosopher
- 认为
- rènwéi — to think; to believe; to consider
- 唯有
- wéiyǒu — only; solely; nothing but
- 现象
- xiànxiàng — phenomenon; observable appearance of things
- 理念
- lǐniàn — idea; concept; Platonic Form or ideal
- 或
- huò — or; either; alternatively
- 原型
- yuánxíng — archetype; prototype; original model
- 才
- cái — only then; just; emphasizes condition required
- 真实
- zhēnshí — real; true; genuine; authentic
- 存在
- cúnzài — to exist; existence; being
- 观点
- guāndiǎn — viewpoint; perspective; opinion
- 相反
- xiāngfǎn — on the contrary; opposite; reverse
- 主张
- zhǔzhāng — to advocate; claim; proposition or stance
- 物质
- wùzhì — matter; material; physical substance
- 对象
- duìxiàng — object; target; entity under consideration
- 才是
- cáishì — only then is; it is precisely that
- 存在的
- cúnzài de — that which exists; existing; real entities
- 然而
- rán'ér — however; nevertheless; yet
- 在
- zài — in; at; located at; existing within
- 之中
- zhīzhōng — within; in the midst of; among
- 内在地
- nèizài de — inherently; intrinsically; from within
- 蕴含着
- yùnhánzhe — contains within; embodies; inherently holds
- 精神
- jīngshén — spirit; mind; mental energy
- 力量
- lìliàng — force; power; strength
- 通过
- tōngguò — through; by means of; via
- 而
- ér — and; yet; but; connecting clauses
- 发挥
- fāhuī — to give play to; to bring into effect
- 作用
- zuòyòng — function; effect; role; to act upon
- 以
- yǐ — with; by; using; in the form of
- 多种
- duōzhǒng — many kinds; various types; multiple forms
- 形式
- xíngshì — form; shape; mode of appearance
- 显现
- xiǎnxiàn — to manifest; to appear; to reveal itself
- 自身
- zìshēn — oneself; itself; one's own self
- 如
- rú — such as; like; for example
- 火
- huǒ — fire; flame
- 以太
- yǐtài — ether; subtle celestial element in ancient philosophy
- 精气
- jīngqì — vital essence; life force; pneuma
- 灵魂
- línghún — soul; spirit; essence of a being
- 理性
- lǐxìng — reason; rationality; logical thinking faculty
- 和
- hé — and; with; together with
- 主宰
- zhǔzǎi — to dominate; master; controlling force
- 原则
- yuánzé — principle; fundamental rule or standard
- 因此
- yīncǐ — therefore; consequently; as a result
- 即是
- jíshì — is precisely; that is to say; namely
- 神
- shén — god; deity; divine being
- 民间
- mínjiān — folk; popular; among common people
- 诸神
- zhūshén — the gods; multiple deities; pantheon
- 不过是
- búguòshì — merely; nothing more than; only
- 传说
- chuánshuō — legend; folk tale; mythical story
- 神话
- shénhuà — myth; mythology; divine narrative
- 则
- zé — then; while; on the other hand
- 具有
- jùyǒu — to possess; to have; to feature
- 寓言
- yùyán — fable; allegory; story with moral lesson
- 性质
- xìngzhì — nature; character; quality of something
- 人
- rén — person; human being; people
- 从
- cóng — from; since; following from
- 神性
- shénxìng — divinity; divine nature; godliness
- 中
- zhōng — middle; within; among; in
- 流溢
- liúyì — to overflow; to emanate; to flow out from
- 而出
- ér chū — and emerge; coming forth from something
- 最终
- zuìzhōng — ultimately; finally; in the end
- 重新
- chóngxīn — again; anew; once more
- 吸收
- xīshōu — to absorb; to take in; to assimilate
- 回归
- huíguī — to return; to go back; reversion
- 于
- yú — in; at; to; from (literary preposition)
- 使
- shǐ — to cause; to make; to enable
- 万物
- wànwù — all things; everything in the universe
- 共同
- gòngtóng — together; jointly; in common
- 趋向
- qūxiàng — to tend toward; to move in direction of
- 善
- shàn — good; goodness; virtue; the good
- 这是
- zhèshì — this is; this constitutes
- 整体
- zhěngtǐ — whole; entirety; as a complete unit
- 之
- zhī — of; 's (literary possessive or linking particle)
- 最高
- zuìgāo — highest; supreme; utmost
- 自觉地
- zìjué de — consciously; with self-awareness; deliberately
- 公共
- gōnggòng — public; communal; shared by all
- 努力
- nǔlì — to strive; effort; to work hard
- 这
- zhè — this; these
- 正是
- zhèngshì — it is precisely; exactly; just
- 所
- suǒ — that which; used before verbs as nominalizer
- 追求
- zhuīqiú — to pursue; to seek after; aspiration
- 和谐
- héxié — harmony; harmonious; peaceful agreement
- 意义
- yìyì — meaning; significance; purpose
- 所在
- suǒzài — where something lies; the place of; essence
- 就
- jiù — regarding; as for; with respect to
- 个人
- gèrén — individual; personal; the individual person
- 而言
- éryán — speaking of; as far as is concerned
- 美德
- měidé — virtue; moral excellence; admirable quality
- 才能
- cáinéng — talent; ability; only then can
- 他
- tā — he; him; third person singular male
- 做到
- zuòdào — to achieve; to manage to do; to accomplish
- 这一点
- zhè yīdiǎn — this point; this aspect; this particular thing
- 正如
- zhèngrú — just as; exactly like; in the same way
- 天命
- tiānmìng — fate; heaven's mandate; destiny
- 也
- yě — also; too; as well; likewise
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