Meditations — Page 11

Vocabulary

在

zài — At, in, on; indicates location or ongoing action.

逻辑学

luójíxué — The academic study of logic and reasoning.

方面

fāngmiàn — Aspect, field, or area of a subject.

体系

tǐxì — A structured system or organized framework.

因

yīn — Because of; due to; owing to.

其

qí — Its, their, his, her; third-person possessive pronoun.

关于

guānyú — Regarding, concerning, about a topic.

真理

zhēnlǐ — Truth; an objective and universal principle.

检验

jiǎnyàn — To test, examine, or verify something.

标准

biāozhǔn — Standard, criterion, or benchmark for judgment.

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.

理论

lǐlùn — Theory; a systematic set of ideas or principles.

而

ér — And, yet, but; connects clauses or contrasts ideas.

值得

zhídé — Worth doing; deserving of attention or effort.

关注

guānzhù — To pay attention to; to focus on something.

他们

tāmen — They, them; third-person plural pronoun.

将

jiāng — Will; to take or use something for a purpose.

初生

chūshēng — Newborn; just born or newly created.

灵魂

línghún — Soul, spirit; the immaterial essence of a person.

比作

bǐzuò — To compare to; to liken something to another.

一张

yī zhāng — One sheet; measure word for flat objects.

准备

zhǔnbèi — To prepare; ready for a task or action.

书写

shūxiě — To write; the act of writing characters or text.

白纸

báizhǐ — Blank white paper; a clean slate.

感官

gǎnguān — The senses; organs that perceive external stimuli.

印象

yìnxiàng — Impression; a perception or image left in the mind.

于

yú — At, in, from; classical preposition of location or time.

此

cǐ — This; referring to something previously mentioned.

通过

tōngguò — Through, by means of; to pass through something.

对

duì — Toward, regarding; correct; a preposition of direction.

多种

duō zhǒng — Many kinds; multiple types or varieties.

体验

tǐyàn — Experience; to personally undergo or feel something.

不自觉地

bù zìjué de — Unconsciously, involuntarily, without awareness.

形成

xíngchéng — To form, develop, or take shape gradually.

普遍

pǔbiàn — Universal, widespread, generally applicable.

概念

gàiniàn — Concept, notion; an abstract idea or mental construct.

或

huò — Or; either; used to present alternatives.

预设

yùshè — Presupposition; a preset assumption or default notion.

观念

guānniàn — Idea, belief, concept held in the mind.

当

dāng — When; at the time that something occurs.

某种

mǒu zhǒng — A certain kind; some type of something.

强烈

qiángliè — Strong, intense; having great force or impact.

到

dào — To, until, arrive at; reaching a point or degree.

不可抗拒

bùkě kàngjù — Irresistible; impossible to resist or refuse.

时

shí — When, at the time of; a moment or period.

便

biàn — Then, thus; convenient; indicating a consequence.

被

bèi — Passive marker; indicates the subject receives action.

称为

chēngwéi — To be called, known as, or referred to as.

表象

biǎoxiàng — Representation, appearance; a mental or sensory image.

按

àn — According to; following a rule or interpretation.

解释

jiěshì — Explanation, interpretation; to explain or clarify.

即

jí — That is, namely; immediately or exactly.

源自

yuánzì — Originating from; derived or stemming from a source.

演绎

yǎnyì — Deduction; reasoning from general principles to specifics.

类似

lèisì — Similar to; resembling in nature or character.

方法

fāngfǎ — Method, approach; a way of doing something.

人为

rénwéi — Artificial, man-made; deliberately caused by humans.

产生

chǎnshēng — To produce, generate, or give rise to.

与

yǔ — And, with; connecting nouns or clauses together.

推论

tuīlùn — Inference, deduction; a conclusion reached by reasoning.

均

jūn — All, equally; without exception across items.

以

yǐ — With, by means of; using something as a tool.

知觉

zhījué — Perception; conscious awareness through the senses.

加以

jiāyǐ — To apply, to proceed with; used before a verb.

伦理学

lúnlǐxué — Ethics; the philosophical study of moral principles.

上

shàng — On, above; in the domain of; a positional particle.

应用

yìngyòng — Application; to apply or put something into use.

我

wǒ — I, me; first-person singular pronoun.

已

yǐ — Already; indicates a completed or past action.

前文

qiánwén — The preceding text or earlier part of writing.

有所

yǒusuǒ — Have somewhat; to some extent done something.

论及

lùnjí — To discuss, mention, or touch upon a topic.

最高

zuìgāo — Highest, supreme; the greatest level or degree.

善

shàn — Good, goodness; moral virtue or benevolence.

在于

zàiyú — To lie in; to consist of; the key point is.

有

yǒu — To have, there is; expressing existence or possession.

德性

déxìng — Virtue, moral character; quality of being virtuous.

生活

shēnghuó — Life, living; the way one lives day to day.

唯有

wéiyǒu — Only, solely; nothing else but this one thing.

美德

měidé — Virtue, moral excellence; admirable ethical quality.

才是

cái shì — Only then is; emphasizing a condition for truth.

幸福

xìngfú — Happiness, well-being; a state of contentment and flourishing.

恶行

èxíng — Vicious conduct, evil deeds; morally wrong actions.

则是

zé shì — Then it is; used to introduce a contrasting result.

不幸

bùxìng — Misfortune, unhappiness; an unfortunate state or event.

这一

zhè yī — This one; referring to a specific idea or point.

推向

tuī xiàng — To push toward; to carry something to an extreme.

极致

jízhì — The utmost extreme; the highest possible degree.

主张

zhǔzhāng — Claim, advocate; a position or assertion held firmly.

之间

zhījiān — Between, among; in the space separating two things.

不存在

bù cúnzài — Does not exist; there is no such thing.

程度

chéngdù — Degree, extent; the level or measure of something.

之分

zhī fēn — Distinction between; a difference or division among things.

尽管

jǐnguǎn — Although, even though; used to introduce a concession.

两者

liǎng zhě — The two; both of the previously mentioned items.

各有

gè yǒu — Each has; every one possesses its own quality.

具体

jùtǐ — Concrete, specific; detailed and particular, not abstract.

表现

biǎoxiàn — Manifestation, expression; the way something shows itself.

形式

xíngshì — Form, format; the shape or structure of something.

此外

cǐwài — Besides, furthermore; in addition to what was said.

除

chú — Except, apart from; excluding something from consideration.

之外

zhīwài — Outside of, beyond; apart from what is mentioned.

无所谓

wúsuǒwèi — Indifferent, doesn't matter; neither good nor bad.

亦

yì — Also, too; literary equivalent of 也 (yě).

恶

è — Evil, bad; morally wrong or harmful.

那些

nàxiē — Those; referring to a plural set of things.

通常

tōngcháng — Usually, normally; what happens in most cases.

人们

rénmen — People; human beings in general.

好

hǎo — Good; positive in quality, morality, or condition.

坏

huài — Bad, broken; negative in quality or moral character.

外在

wàizài — External, outward; existing outside the self or mind.

事物

shìwù — Things, matters; objects or affairs in the world.

如

rú — Such as, like; used to introduce examples.

健康

jiànkāng — Health; the state of being physically well.

疾病

jíbìng — Disease, illness; a specific condition impairing health.

财富

cáifù — Wealth, riches; an abundance of material possessions.

贫困

pínkùn — Poverty, destitution; a state of lacking resources.

快乐

kuàilè — Joy, pleasure, happiness; a feeling of delight.

痛苦

tòngkǔ — Pain, suffering; physical or emotional distress.

看来

kànlái — It seems, apparently; based on observation or inference.

无关紧要

wúguān jǐnyào — Unimportant, trivial; of no moral or practical significance.

所有

suǒyǒu — All, every; the entirety of something.

这些

zhèxiē — These; referring to multiple nearby things or ideas.

不过

bùguò — Only, merely; however, used to soften a statement.

是

shì — Is, are, am; the copula linking subject and predicate.

得以

déyǐ — To be able to; to have the opportunity to do.

施展

shīzhǎn — To display, exercise; to put abilities into action.

领域

lǐngyù — Field, domain, realm; an area of activity or knowledge.

理想

lǐxiǎng — Ideal; a perfect standard or cherished aspiration.

中

zhōng — Middle, in, within; inside a space or category.

智者

zhìzhě — The wise person; a sage possessing true wisdom.

一切

yīqiè — Everything, all; the complete totality of things.

自给自足

zìjǐ zìzú — Self-sufficient; able to provide for one's own needs.

洞悉

dòngxī — To thoroughly understand; to perceive with deep insight.

之后

zhīhòu — After, afterward; following a particular event or time.

即便

jíbiàn — Even if, even though; introducing a concessive condition.

身受

shēnshòu — To personally suffer or undergo something painful.

酷刑

kùxíng — Torture; severe and cruel physical punishment.

他

tā — He, him; third-person singular masculine pronoun.

保持

bǎochí — To maintain, keep, preserve a state or condition.