Meditations — Page 12
斯多葛派中，可能没有任何人声称自己就是这位智者，但每个人都将其作为一种理想而追求，正如基督徒努力效仿基督一样。
It is probable that no Stoic claimed for himself that he was this Wise Man, but that each strove after it as an ideal much as the Christian strives after a likeness to Christ.
然而，这一说法中的夸大之处显而易见，以至于后期的斯多葛派不得不将"无关紧要之事"进一步细分为可取之事（προηγμένα）与不可取之事（ἀποπροηγμένα）。
The exaggeration in this statement was, however, so obvious, that the later Stoics were driven to make a further subdivision of things indifferent into what is preferable (προηγμένα) and what is undesirable (ἀποπροηγμένα).
他们还主张，对于尚未达到完美智慧的人而言，某些行为是恰当的（καθήκοντα）。
They also held that for him who had not attained to the perfect wisdom, certain actions were proper. (καθήκοντα)
这些行为既非美德，也非恶行，而是像那些无关紧要之事一样，处于中间地带。
These were neither virtuous nor vicious, but, like the indifferent things, held a middle place.
斯多葛体系中有两点值得特别提及。
Two points in the Stoic system deserve special mention.
其一，是对"在我们能力范围之内的事物"与"不在我们能力范围之内的事物"所作的细致区分。
One is a careful distinction between things which are in our power and things which are not.
欲望与厌恶、意见与情感，均在意志的掌控之内；而健康、财富、荣誉及其他此类事物，通常则不然。
Desire and dislike, opinion and affection, are within the power of the will; whereas health, wealth, honour, and other such are generally not so.
斯多葛派人士被要求节制自己的欲望与情感，引导自己的意见，使整个身心服从于意志或主导原则的支配，正如宇宙由神圣天意引导与主宰一样。
The Stoic was called upon to control his desires and affections, and to guide his opinion; to bring his whole being under the sway of the will or leading principle, just as the universe is guided and governed by divine Providence.
这是希腊人最推崇的美德——节制（σωφροσύνη）——的一种具体体现，在基督教伦理中也有与之相应的内容。
This is a special application of the favourite Greek virtue of moderation, (σωφροσύνη) and has also its parallel in Christian ethics.
第二点，是对宇宙统一性的强烈强调，以及对人作为一个伟大整体之组成部分所应尽义务的重视。
The second point is a strong insistence on the unity of the universe, and on man's duty as part of a great whole.
Vocabulary
- probable
- 形容词，表示某事很可能发生
- Stoic
- 斯多葛派哲学家，强调理性与克制
- claimed
- 动词过去式，声称、宣称某事为真
- Wise
- 形容词，聪明睿智、有判断力的
- strove
- 动词过去式，努力追求或奋斗
- ideal
- 名词/形容词，理想、完美的目标或标准
- Christian
- 名词/形容词，基督徒，信仰基督教的人
- strives
- 动词，努力追求某目标或理想
- likeness
- 名词，相似性、相像之处
- Christ
- 基督，基督教信仰的核心人物
- exaggeration
- 名词，夸大、夸张其实际情况
- statement
- 名词，陈述、声明或说法
- however
- 副词，表示转折，"然而"
- obvious
- 形容词，明显的、显而易见的
- Stoics
- 名词复数，斯多葛派哲学家们
- driven
- 动词过去分词，被迫、被驱使去做
- further
- 形容词/副词，进一步的、更深入的
- subdivision
- 名词，细分、进一步的分类
- indifferent
- 形容词，漠不关心的；哲学上指无善无恶的
- preferable
- 形容词，更可取的、更值得选择的
- undesirable
- 形容词，不受欢迎的、不可取的
- held
- 动词过去式，持有（观点）、认为
- attained
- 动词过去式，达到、实现某目标
- perfect
- 形容词，完美的、没有缺陷的
- wisdom
- 名词，智慧、聪明才智
- certain
- 形容词，某些、特定的
- proper
- 形容词，适当的、合乎规范的
- neither
- 连词，既不……也不……
- virtuous
- 形容词，有道德的、品行高尚的
- nor
- 连词，与neither搭配表示两者都否定
- vicious
- 形容词，邪恶的、凶残的、缺乏道德的
- system
- 名词，体系、系统
- deserve
- 动词，值得、应得到某种对待
- mention
- 名词/动词，提及、提到某事
- distinction
- 名词，区别、差异、区分
- power
- 名词，力量、能力、控制力
- Desire
- 名词，欲望、渴望、强烈愿望
- dislike
- 名词/动词，厌恶、不喜欢某事物
- opinion
- 名词，意见、看法、观点
- affection
- 名词，情感、喜爱、感情
- within
- 介词，在……之内、属于
- will
- 名词，意志力、意愿
- whereas
- 连词，表示对比，"而"、"然而"
- health
- 名词，健康、身体状况良好
- wealth
- 名词，财富、富有
- honour
- 名词，荣誉、尊重、名誉
- generally
- 副词，通常、一般来说
- control
- 动词/名词，控制、掌控
- desires
- 名词复数，欲望、渴望
- affections
- 名词复数，情感、感情
- guide
- 动词，引导、指导
- being
- 名词，存在、本质；整个身心
- sway
- 名词，影响力、控制、支配
- leading
- 形容词，主导的、最重要的
- principle
- 名词，原则、原理、准则
- universe
- 名词，宇宙、全体存在
- guided
- 动词过去分词，被引导、被指引
- governed
- 动词过去分词，被统治、被支配
- divine
- 形容词，神圣的、上帝的
- Providence
- 名词，神意、天命、上帝的安排
- application
- 名词，应用、运用
- favourite
- 形容词，最喜爱的、最受推崇的
- Greek
- 形容词/名词，希腊的、希腊人
- virtue
- 名词，美德、道德品质
- moderation
- 名词，节制、适度、中庸
- parallel
- 名词/形容词，相似之处、平行对应
- ethics
- 名词，伦理学、道德规范
- insistence
- 名词，坚持、强调、一再主张
- unity
- 名词，统一性、整体性
- duty
- 名词，义务、责任
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