Mother West Wind "Why" Stories — Page 64

Vocabulary

モグラ

mogura — Mole; small burrowing mammal living underground

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic

いつも

itsumo — Always; at all times; habitually

自分

jibun — Oneself; myself; yourself; one's own self

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns

こと

koto — Thing; matter; fact; abstract concept or affair

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose

しか

shika — Only; nothing but; used with negative verb

関わら

kakawara — Not get involved; stem of 関わる (to be concerned with)

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; does not; is not present

から

kara — Because; since; from; expressing reason or origin

な

na — Sentence-ending particle expressing mild assertion or emotion

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nonetheless; expressing contrast

今

ima — Now; the present moment; currently

厳しい

kibishii — Harsh; strict; severe; difficult conditions or times

時代

jidai — Era; age; period; the times we live in

だ

da — Copula; informal equivalent of 'is' or 'are'

それぞれ

sorezore — Each; respectively; each one individually

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also expresses contrast or desire

自身

jishin — Oneself; itself; one's own self (emphatic)

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object

考え

kangae — Thought; idea; stem of 考える (to think, consider)

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative stem; must (do); if not done

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when

なら

nara — Must; conditional form expressing necessity or obligation

そう

sou — So; that way; like that; in such a manner

言っ

it(te) — Said; te-form of 言う (to say, speak)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or simultaneous actions

彼ら

karera — They; them; a group of people (usually male-inclusive)

立ち去り

tachisari — Departed; walked away; stem of 立ち去る (to leave)

さん

san — Honorific title; Mr., Ms., Mrs. attached to names

穴

ana — Hole; burrow; pit; cavity in the ground

底

soko — Bottom; base; deepest part of something

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means used

恐怖

kyoufu — Fear; terror; dread; intense frightening sensation

震え

furue — Trembling; shaking; shivering from cold or fear

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously performing two actions

残さ

nokosa — Left behind; passive stem of 残す (to leave remaining)

れ

re — Passive auxiliary indicating action done to subject

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action

どう

dou — How; in what way; what should be done

しよう

shiyou — Let's do; volitional form of する (to do)

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle adding emphasis

と

to — Quotation particle; and; with; when (conditional)

思っ

omot(te) — Thought; te-form of 思う (to think, feel)

外

soto — Outside; exterior; outdoors; beyond a boundary

出れ

dere — Conditional form of 出る (to exit, go outside)

すぐ

sugu — Immediately; right away; soon; without delay

見つかっ

mitsukkat(te) — Was found; discovered; te-form of 見つかる

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; to do something regrettably completely

ここ

koko — Here; this place; current location

留まれ

todomare — Stay; remain; potential/imperative form of 留まる

掘り出さ

horiidasa — Dug out; stem of 掘り出す (to dig something out)

ああ

aa — Ah; oh; exclamation of distress, realization, or sorrow

困っ

komat(te) — Troubled; in trouble; te-form of 困る (to be troubled)

一体

ittai — What on earth; used to intensify a question

すれ

sure — Conditional form of する (to do); if one does

いい

ii — Good; fine; alright; acceptable

ん

n — Informal explanatory particle; contraction of の

彼

kare — He; him; that male person

そこ

soko — There; that place; a location near the listener

横たわり

yokotawari — Lying down; stem of 横たわる (to lie flat)

とても

totemo — Very; extremely; quite; to a great degree

無力

muryoku — Powerless; helpless; lacking strength or ability

惨め

mijime — Miserable; wretched; pitiful; in a sorry state

気持ち

kimochi — Feeling; emotion; mood; how one feels inside

い

i — Conjunctive form of いる (to be, to exist)

突然

totsuzen — Suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning

ある

aru — There is; to exist; to have (for inanimate things)

浮かん

ukan — Came to mind; stem of 浮かぶ (to float up, occur)

もし

moshi — If; suppose; in the event that (hypothetical)

小さく

chiisaku — Smallly; in a small way; adverbial form of 小さい

這い込め

haikome — Crawl into; potential/imperative of 這い込む

る

ru — Dictionary form verb ending; present/future tense marker

だけ

dake — Only; just; as much as; limited to that amount

大き

ooki — Big; large; stem of 大きい used before さ or な

さ

sa — Nominalizer suffix turning adjective into noun (size, etc.)

し

shi — Conjunctive particle listing reasons; and also; moreover

アナグマ

anaguma — Badger; a stout burrowing mammal with striped face

キツネ

kitsune — Fox; a cunning wild canine animal

どちら

dochira — Which one; which direction; polite form of どっち

か

ka — Question particle; or; whether; indicating uncertainty

入れる

ireru — To put in; to insert; to let enter

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; about; approximately; so much that

掘り

hori — Digging; stem of 掘る (to dig, excavate)

広げる

hirogeru — To widen; to expand; to spread something out

大変

taihen — Very; difficult; serious; requiring great effort

労力

rouryoku — Labor; effort; energy expended on work

必要

hitsuyou — Necessary; needed; required; essential for something

だっ

dat(te) — Was; te-form of だ (copula, past context)

だろう

darou — Probably; I suppose; expressing conjecture or assumption

片側

katakawa — One side; one direction; only one side of something

小さな

chiisana — Small; little; tiny (prenominal adjective form)

トンネル

tonneru — Tunnel; underground passage through rock or earth

掘っ

hot(te) — Dug; te-form of 掘る (to dig)

隠れ

kakure — Hide; concealment; stem of 隠れる (to hide oneself)

よう

you — In order to; so that; expressing purpose or resemblance

作業

sagyou — Work; task; operation; manual labor or job

とりかかり

torikakari — Starting on; stem of とりかかる (to set about work)

身

mi — Body; one's self; one's own person or situation

滑り込ま

suberikoma — Slide into; stem of 滑り込む (to slip inside)

せ

se — Causative auxiliary stem letting or making someone act

られる

rareru — Can; passive or potential auxiliary verb ending

一生懸命

isshoukenmei — With all one's might; doing one's very best effort

速く

hayaku — Quickly; fast; adverbial form of 速い (fast)

進め

susume — Advance; proceed; imperative of 進む or 進める

戻っ

modot(te) — Returned; te-form of 戻る (to go back, return)

き

ki — Came; stem of 来る (kuru); arrived at a place

頃

koro — Around the time; about; approximate time period

長い

nagai — Long; lengthy; extended in length or duration

奥深く

okufukaku — Deep inside; far within; in the depths of something

おり

ori — Is (being); stem of おる, humble or dialectal form of いる

最初

saisho — The first; the beginning; at first; initially

はるか

haruka — Far; distant; by far; much further away

遠く

tooku — Far away; in the distance; adverbial form of 遠い

たとえ

tatoe — Even if; even though; supposing that (hypothetical)

気づい

kizui — Noticed; realized; te-form of 気づく (to notice)

掘り出す

horiidasu — To dig out; to extract by digging from the ground

時間

jikan — Time; hours; duration; a period of time

かかる

kakaru — To take time or cost; to require; to hang on

わかっ

wakat(te) — Understood; realized; te-form of わかる (to understand)

気づか

kizuka — Not notice; negative stem of 気づく (to realize, notice)

なかっ

nacat(te) — Was not; te-form of なかった (past negative)