Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave — Page 14

Vocabulary

奴隷

dorei — Slave; a person owned and controlled by another.

所有者

shoyuusha — Owner; a person who possesses something legally.

や

ya — And; listing particle connecting nouns loosely.

監督者

kantokusha — Supervisor; a person who oversees others' work.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese.

身体

shintai — Body; the physical form of a human being.

に

ni — Direction or target particle indicating location or recipient.

対し

taishi — Toward; against; in relation to something.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases together.

行わ

okonawa — Carried out; performed (stem form of okonau).

れ

re — Passive auxiliary verb suffix indicating something is done.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action.

いかなる

ikanaru — Any; whatever; no matter what kind.

暴虐

bougyaku — Atrocity; brutal and violent cruel act.

つい

tsui — About; regarding; also means inadvertently.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle in Japanese.

それ

sore — That; referring to something previously mentioned.

どれ

dore — Which one; which among several options.

ほど

hodo — To the extent of; as much as; degree.

悪魔

akuma — Demon; devil; an evil supernatural being.

的

teki — Suffix meaning -like, -ish, or pertaining to.

な

na — Adjectival copula linking na-adjectives to nouns.

もの

mono — Thing; object; something abstract or concrete.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or copula.

あっ

a(tte) — Te-form of aru; to be or exist.

有色

yuushoku — Colored; referring to non-white racial identity.

人

hito / jin — Person; human being; individual.

証人

shounin — Witness; a person who testifies to events.

証言

shougen — Testimony; a statement given as evidence.

よっ

yo(tte) — By means of; through; due to (te-form of yoru).

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence subject.

あれ

are — That over there; refers to distant thing or person.

自由

jiyuu — Freedom; liberty; the state of being free.

有罪

yuuzai — Guilty; found to have committed a crime.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle in Japanese.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix or casual sentence-ending particle.

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer for verb phrases.

でき

deki — Can; be able to (stem of dekiru).

ない

nai — Not; negation auxiliary for verbs and adjectives.

という

to iu — Called; known as; the fact that.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

決し

kess(hite) — Absolutely; never; decisively (used in negatives).

忘れ

wasure — Forget; to fail to remember something.

なら

nara — If; conditional particle expressing hypothetical situation.

法典

houten — Legal code; a systematic collection of laws.

よれ

yore — According to; based on (conditional form of yoru).

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when.

彼ら

karera — They; them; a group of people (third person plural).

まるで

marude — Just like; as if; completely resembling something.

畜生

chikushou — Beast; brute; also an exclamation of frustration.

一部

ichibu — A part; a portion of a larger whole.

ある

aru — To exist; to be; to have (inanimate things).

か

ka — Question particle or uncertainty marker in Japanese.

ごとく

gotoku — Like; as if; in the manner of.

白人

hakujin — White person; a person of Caucasian descent.

する

suru — To do; to perform; general action verb.

能力

nouryoku — Ability; capacity; competence to perform tasks.

判断

handan — Judgment; decision; the act of evaluating.

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings).

し

shi — And; listing conjunction or stem of suru.

たがっ

tagat(te) — Therefore; consequently (te-form of shitagau).

形式

keishiki — Form; formality; official structure or format.

上

ue / jou — Above; top; in terms of; formally speaking.

どう

dou — How; in what way; what manner.

実際

jissai — In reality; actually; in practice.

人々

hitobito — People; various individuals in a group.

対する

taisuru — To face; directed toward; in relation to.

法的

houteki — Legal; relating to law or legal matters.

保護

hogo — Protection; safeguarding someone or something from harm.

存在

sonzai — Existence; presence; the state of existing.

せ

se — Causative or negative stem form of suru/su.

ず

zu — Negative auxiliary meaning without doing; not.

量

ryou — Amount; quantity; volume of something.

残虐

zangyaku — Cruelty; brutality; extreme violent and merciless acts.

行為

koui — Act; deed; an intentional action or behavior.

処罰

shobatsu — Punishment; penalty imposed for wrongdoing.

なく

naku — Without; lacking; negative connective form.

加える

kuwaeru — To add; to inflict; to apply force or harm.

できる

dekiru — Can do; be possible; be capable of something.

人間

ningen — Human being; mankind; a person as a concept.

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; spirit; inner emotional self.

これ

kore — This; referring to something close to the speaker.

以上

ijou — More than; above; beyond a certain degree.

恐ろしい

osoroshii — Terrifying; dreadful; extremely frightening.

社会

shakai — Society; community; organized human social structure.

状態

joutai — State; condition; the current situation of something.

想像

souzou — Imagination; picturing something in one's mind.

だろう

darou — Probably; I wonder; expressing supposition or conjecture.

宗教

shuukyou — Religion; an organized system of spiritual belief.

信仰

shinkou — Faith; religious belief; devout trust in something.

告白

kokuhaku — Confession; declaration of belief or personal truth.

南部

nanbu — Southern part; the South of a region or country.

主人

shujin — Master; husband; head of household; owner.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people (e.g., they, we).

行い

okonai — Conduct; behavior; one's actions or deeds.

与える

ataeru — To give; to provide; to bestow upon someone.

影響

eikyou — Influence; effect; impact on something or someone.

以下

ika — Below; the following; less than a certain amount.

物語

monogatari — Story; tale; a narrative account of events.

生き生き

ikiiki — Vividly; lively; in a vivid, animated manner.

描写

byousha — Description; depiction; portrayal of a scene vividly.

おり

ori — Being; existing (humble or literary form of iru).

有益

yuueki — Useful; beneficial; producing a good effect.

どころ

dokoro — Far from; not only; used to negate understatement.

示さ

shimesa — Show; demonstrate; indicate (negative or passive stem).

事

koto — Thing; matter; fact; nominalizer in Japanese.

性質

seishitsu — Nature; character; inherent quality of something.

最高

saikou — Highest; supreme; the greatest possible degree.

度

do — Degree; extent; level of something measured.

有害

yuugai — Harmful; injurious; causing damage or negative effects.

なけれ

nakere — If not; must (conditional negative form).

この

kono — This; the one near the speaker (demonstrative).

点

ten — Point; aspect; a specific detail or issue.

関する

kansuru — To relate to; to concern; to be about.

氏

shi — Mr.; Ms.; honorific suffix for a person's name.

その

sono — That; the (demonstrative referring to nearby thing).

誠実

seijitsu — Sincerity; honesty; faithfulness in character.

疑い

utagai — Doubt; suspicion; uncertainty about something's truth.

よう

you — Like; as if; it seems; resemblance or conjecture.

数多く

kazuooku — Many; numerous; a large number of things.

支持

shiji — Support; backing; approval of a person or idea.

キリスト

Kirisuto — Christ; referring to Jesus Christ in Christianity.

教

kyou — Religion; teaching; suffix for religious traditions.

明白

meihaku — Clear; obvious; evident beyond reasonable doubt.

偽り

itsuwari — Falsehood; lie; something deceptive or untrue.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person singular male pronoun.

級

kyuu — Class; rank; grade; level of classification.

重罪

juuzai — Felony; serious crime; a grave legal offense.

盗む

nusumu — To steal; to take something without permission.

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does something; a practitioner.

もう

mou — Already; now; another; no more.

一方

ippou — On the other hand; one side; meanwhile.

秤

hakari — Scale; balance; a device for weighing things.

何

nani / nan — What; something; used in questions and phrases.

置こう

okou — Let's place; volitional form of oku (to put).

意味

imi — Meaning; significance; what something signifies.

読者

dokusha — Reader; a person who reads a text.

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle for emphasis or address.

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular pronoun in Japanese.

同情

doujou — Sympathy; compassion; feeling sorry for someone.

目的

mokuteki — Purpose; goal; objective one aims to achieve.

おい

oi — Hey; exclamation to get someone's attention.

共

tomo — Together; both; in common with others.

とも

tomo — Both; together; all of them included.

踏み

fumi — Treading; stepping on (stem of fumu).

にじら

nijira — Crush underfoot; grind down (stem of nijiru).

犠牲

gisei — Sacrifice; victim; something lost for a greater good.

側

gawa / soba — Side; one's side; a particular party or perspective.

もし

moshi — If; in case; used to introduce a hypothesis.

前者

zensha — The former; the first of two mentioned things.

神

kami — God; deity; divine spirit in religious contexts.

敵

teki — Enemy; opponent; a hostile adversary.