Notre-Dame de Paris — Page 6

Vocabulary

パリ

Pari — The capital city of France.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

散策者

sansaku-sha — A person who strolls or wanders leisurely.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix indicating a group of people.

良識

ryōshiki — Good sense, sound judgment, or common sense.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

称える

tataeru — To praise, honor, or commend someone or something.

ため

tame — For the sake of; in order to achieve something.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or purpose.

言わ

iwa — Stem form of 'to say'; part of verbal conjugation.

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative form; part of obligation expression.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

なら

nara — Conditional form meaning 'if it is the case'.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary meaning 'not' or 'does not exist'.

が

ga — Subject marker or conjunctive particle meaning 'but'.

この

kono — Demonstrative adjective meaning 'this' (near speaker).

群衆

gunshū — A crowd or large gathering of people.

大部分

daibubun — The greater part or majority of something.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle highlighting the sentence topic.

季節

kisetsu — A season of the year; a particular time period.

まこと

makoto — Truly, sincerely; an expression of genuine truth.

ふさわしい

fusawashii — Appropriate, fitting, or suitable for a situation.

篝火

kagaribi — A bonfire or open flame used for illumination.

方

hō — Direction, side, or way toward something.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'toward' or 'to'.

ある

aru — To exist (for inanimate things); or 'a certain'.

裁判所

saibansho — A court of law where legal cases are tried.

大広間

ōhiroma — A large hall or grand reception room.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

上演

jōen — A performance or staging of a play or show.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix or passive auxiliary verb form.

れる

reru — Passive auxiliary verb suffix; indicates passive voice.

予定

yotei — A plan or schedule for a future event.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

歩

ho / ayumi — A step or pace; unit of walking movement.

向け

muke — Directed toward; aimed at a target or destination.

て

te — Conjunctive particle linking sequential or parallel actions.

おり

ori — Polite progressive form of 'to be'; ongoing state.

その

sono — That (demonstrative adjective near listener or known).

しっかり

shikkari — Firmly, solidly, reliably; in a sturdy manner.

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form 'and'; or the verb 'do'.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary; also attributive modifier ending.

屋根

yane — A roof of a building or structure.

壁

kabe — A wall of a building or room.

備え

sonae — Preparation or provision; being equipped with something.

い

i — Stem of the verb 'to be/exist' (iru); continuative.

そして

soshite — And then; a conjunction linking sequential events.

好奇心

kōkishin — Curiosity; a strong desire to know or learn.

旺盛

ōsei — Vigorous, energetic, or thriving in spirit or activity.

な

na — Adjectival copula linking na-adjectives to nouns.

者

mono / sha — A person; one who does or is something.

哀れ

aware — Pitiable, pathetic, or evoking sadness and sympathy.

ほど

hodo — To the extent of; approximately; as much as.

花

hana — A flower; blossoming plant or floral decoration.

少ない

sukunai — Few in number; not many; scarce or sparse.

礼拝堂

reihaidō — A chapel or small place of worship.

墓地

bochi — A cemetery or graveyard where people are buried.

一月

ichigatsu — January; the first month of the calendar year.

空

sora — The sky; the open expanse above the earth.

下

shita — Below, under, or beneath something.

ひとり

hitori — Alone; by oneself; one person.

ぶるぶる

buruburu — Shivering or trembling, often from cold or fear.

震える

furueru — To tremble, shake, or quiver from cold or emotion.

まま

mama — As is; left in a certain state without change.

放置

hōchi — Leaving something or someone neglected or unattended.

あっ

a' — Exclamation of surprise, realization, or sudden notice.

民衆

minshū — The common people; the general populace or masses.

特に

toku ni — Especially, particularly; more than usual or others.

続く

tsuzuku — To continue, to follow, or to go on sequentially.

通り

tōri — A street or road; also means 'as stated/as expected'.

押し寄せ

oshiyose — Surging or pressing forward; a crowd crowding in.

二

ni — The number two.

日

nichi / hi — Day; sun; a unit of time equal to 24 hours.

前

mae — Before; in front of; prior to a point in time.

到着

tōchaku — Arrival at a destination or place.

大使

taishi — An ambassador; top diplomatic representative of a country.

同じく

onajiku — Likewise, similarly, equally; in the same manner.

行わ

okonawa — Stem form of 'to carry out or conduct' an event.

愚者

gusha — A fool or foolish person; one lacking wisdom.

法王

hōō — The Pope; the supreme pontiff of the Catholic Church.

選出

senshutsu — Election or selection of a person for a position.

立ち会う

tachiау — To be present at; to witness an event officially.

つもり

tsumori — Intention or plan to do something; one's expectation.

こと

koto — A thing, fact, or matter; nominalizes verb phrases.

知っ

shit- — Stem of 'to know'; past/te-form of 知る (shiru).

から

kara — Because; from; a particle of cause or starting point.

無理やり

muriyari — Forcibly, against resistance; doing something by force.

入り込む

hairikomu — To force one's way in; to sneak or crowd inside.

容易

yōi — Easy, simple, or not requiring much effort.

なかっ

nakat- — Past negative form stem; 'was not' in past tense.

当時

tōji — At that time; in those days; back then.

世界

sekai — The world; all of humanity or the entire globe.

最大

saidai — The largest, greatest, or maximum in size or degree.

建物

tatemono — A building or structure used for various purposes.

として

to shite — As; in the capacity or role of something.

知ら

shira — Stem form of 知る (shiru); 'to know/be known'.

れ

re — Passive auxiliary; indicates passive or spontaneous action.

も

mo — Also, too, even; an inclusive or additive particle.

かかわら

kakawara — Stem of 関わらず; 'regardless of' or 'despite'.

ず

zu — Classical negative suffix meaning 'without doing' or 'not'.

もっとも

mottomo — However; most; though; introducing a qualification.

まだ

mada — Still, yet, not yet; ongoing or incomplete state.

城

shiro / jō — A castle or fortress; a large fortified structure.

測っ

hakat- — Past/te-form stem of 測る; to measure or survey.

だ

da — Copula meaning 'is/are'; plain form of です (desu).

人々

hitobito — People; a group of individuals; persons in general.

溢れかえっ

afurekaet- — Overflowing completely; packed to excess with people.

宮殿

kyūden — A palace; a grand official residence of royalty.

広場

hiroba — A public square or open plaza in a city.

窓

mado — A window of a building or vehicle.

眺める

nagameru — To gaze at or look out at something from distance.

目

me — An eye; the organ of sight; vision or gaze.

海

umi — The sea or ocean; a large body of saltwater.

よう

yō — Like, as if; resembling; expressing similarity or appearance.

様相

yōsō — An aspect, appearance, or phase of a situation.

呈し

teishi — Presenting or exhibiting a certain appearance or state.

五

go — The number five.

六

roku — The number six.

本

hon — Counter for long thin objects; also means 'book'.

幾つ

ikutsu — How many; several; an unspecified number or quantity.

川

kawa — A river or stream of flowing freshwater.

河口

kakō — A river mouth or estuary where river meets sea.

絶え間

taema — A pause or gap; often used as 絶え間なく (ceaselessly).

なく

naku — Without; negative adverbial form; ceaselessly when combined.

新た

arata — New, fresh, or renewed; something that is brand new.

人

hito / jin / nin — A person, human being, or people in general.

波

nami — A wave; a surge of water or metaphorical crowd wave.

注ぎ込ん

sosigikon — Pouring or flowing into; streaming in continuously.