Notre-Dame de Paris — Page 7

Vocabulary

この

kono — This (adjective modifying a nearby noun).

群衆

gunshuu — A crowd or large gathering of people.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese.

波

nami — A wave; also used metaphorically for surges.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence subject.

絶えず

taezu — Constantly, without ceasing, continuously.

増大

zoudai — Growth or increase, becoming larger over time.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru, meaning 'doing' or 'and'.

ながら

nagara — While doing something simultaneously; conjunctive particle.

あちこち

achikochi — Here and there; in various places around an area.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.

突き出した

tsukidashita — Protruded or jutted out from a surface.

家々

ieie — Houses; plural form emphasizing many individual homes.

角

kado — A corner of a building or street intersection.

ぶつかった

butsukatta — Collided with or ran into something forcefully.

それら

sorera — Those things; plural pronoun referring to previously mentioned items.

広場

hiroba — A public square or open plaza in a city.

という

to iu — Called or known as; used to name or define.

不規則

fukisoku — Irregular, disorderly, lacking a regular pattern.

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

盆地

bonchi — A basin or valley surrounded by higher terrain.

中

naka — Inside or within a space or group.

いくつも

ikutsmo — Many; several in number, quite a few items.

岬

misaki — A cape or promontory jutting out into water.

よう

you — Like or similar to; used for comparisons and resemblances.

突き出して

tsukidashite — Jutting or protruding outward from a surface.

いた

ita — Past progressive form of iru, was existing or doing.

宮殿

kyuuden — A palace or grand royal residence building.

高く

takaku — Highly or tall; adverbial form of 'tall/high'.

そびえる

sobieru — To tower or loom high above its surroundings.

ゴシック

Goshikku — Gothic style, referring to medieval European architectural design.

様式

youshiki — A style or format; a manner of design or expression.

正面

shoumen — The front face or façade of a building.

中央

chuuou — The center or middle of a space or object.

大階段

daikai dan — A grand staircase; a large monumental flight of steps.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle identifying the grammatical subject.

あった

atta — There was; past tense of aru, indicating existence.

二つ

futatsu — Two; the native Japanese counter for two items.

人

hito — A person or people; human beings in general.

流れ

nagare — A flow or current of water, crowd, or movement.

上り下り

norikudari — Going up and down; ascending and descending movement.

中間

chuukan — The middle point or intermediate position between two things.

踊り場

odoriba — A staircase landing where steps change direction.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means used.

分かれた

wakareta — Split or divided into separate parts or directions.

後

ato — After or behind; following in time or position.

両側

ryougawa — Both sides; the left and right sides together.

斜面

shamen — A slope or inclined surface going up or down.

沿って

sotte — Along; following the length or edge of something.

幅広い

habahiroi — Wide or broad; having a large width or breadth.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

なって

natte — Becoming; te-form of naru, indicating a change of state.

流れる

nagareru — To flow or stream steadily in one direction.

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective referring to something nearby.

まるで

marude — Just like; used to introduce a vivid comparison.

滝

taki — A waterfall; water falling steeply from a height.

湖

mizuumi — A lake; a large inland body of still water.

注ぐ

sosogu — To pour into or flow into a body of water.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward a destination.

流れ込んで

nagarekon de — Flowing or pouring into a contained space or area.

数千

suusen — Several thousand; an unspecified number in the thousands.

も

mo — Also, even, or as many as; emphatic particle.

足

ashi — A foot or leg; also a counter for footsteps.

叫び声

sakebigoe — A shout or scream; a loud cry of the voice.

笑い声

waraigoe — The sound of laughter; a laughing voice or noise.

踏み鳴らす

fuminaasu — To stomp feet loudly making a resounding noise.

音

oto — A sound or noise produced by something or someone.

大きな

ooki na — Large or big; an adjective describing considerable size.

騒音

souon — Noise or loud disruptive sound from surroundings.

喧騒

kensou — Clamor or uproar; noisy commotion of a crowd.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object of a verb.

生み出した

umidashita — Produced or generated something new from a source.

時折

tokiori — Occasionally or from time to time; now and then.

倍増

baizou — Doubling in size or amount; increasing twofold.

した

shita — Did; plain past tense of suru, to do.

押し流して

oshi nagashite — Sweeping away or carrying off by force.

逆向き

gyaku muki — Facing the opposite direction; reversed orientation.

なり

nari — Becoming; also a classical conjunctive ending.

乱れ

midare — Disorder or confusion; a state of disarray or turbulence.

渦

uzu — A whirlpool or vortex; a swirling circular motion.

巻いた

maita — Wound around or swirled; past tense of maku.

これ

kore — This; a proximal demonstrative pronoun for nearby things.

弓兵

kyuuhei — An archer or bowman soldier armed with a bow.

一撃

ichigeki — A single blow or strike delivered with force.

あるいは

arui wa — Or; alternatively, used to present another possibility.

秩序

chitsujo — Order or discipline; an organized and stable condition.

回復

kaifuku — Recovery or restoration to a former state or order.

しよう

shiyou — Volitional form of suru; let's do or intending to do.

蹴り上げる

keri ageru — To kick upward with force using one's foot.

司法長官

shihou choukon — An attorney general or chief judicial administrative officer.

巡査

junsa — A police officer or constable maintaining public order.

馬

uma — A horse; a large domesticated animal used for riding.

よって

yotte — By means of; due to; a causal or instrumental particle.

引き起こされた

hikiokkosareta — Was caused or triggered by something or someone.

由緒

yuisho — A distinguished history or honorable lineage and origins.

ある

aru — To exist or there is; also means 'certain' attributively.

慣習

kanshuu — A custom or convention followed by tradition or habit.

司法長官職

shihou choukangiku — The office or position of attorney general or provost.

から

kara — From; a particle indicating origin, cause, or starting point.

憲兵隊

kenpeitai — Military police corps maintaining order among armed forces.

騎馬警察

kiba keisatsu — Mounted police officers patrolling on horseback.

パリ

Pari — Paris; the capital city of France.

受け継がれて

uketsugare te — Having been inherited or passed down through generations.

きた

kita — Has come; auxiliary indicating continuation up to the present.

もの

mono — A thing or object; also nominalizes preceding clauses.

善良

zenryou — Good-natured or virtuous; having an upright moral character.

穏やか

odayaka — Calm or gentle; peaceful and undisturbed in manner.

市民

shimin — A citizen or civilian member of a city or state.

顔

kao — A face; the front part of a person's head.

窓

mado — A window; an opening in a wall admitting light.

扉

tobira — A door or gate; an entrance panel that opens.

屋根窓

yanémado — A dormer window; a window set into a roofline.

屋根

yane — A roof; the top covering structure of a building.

群がり

muragari — Crowding or swarming together in a dense cluster.

眺め

nagame — A view or sight; the act of gazing at scenery.

民衆

minshuu — The common people or general populace of a society.

それ以上

sore ijou — More than that; beyond that amount or degree.

何

nani — What; an interrogative pronoun asking about something.

求め

motome — Seeking or demanding; desiring something earnestly.

なかった

nakatta — Did not exist or was not; negative past of nai.

多く

ooku — Many or much; a large number or quantity of things.

見物人

kenbutsunin — A spectator or onlooker watching an event or scene.

見る

miru — To see or watch; to look at something attentively.

こと

koto — A thing or fact; nominalizes verbs and clauses.

自体

jitai — Itself; the thing in and of itself alone.

満足

manzoku — Satisfaction or contentment; feeling pleased with something.

して

shite — Te-form of suru; doing, used to connect clauses.

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; indicates completion, often unintended.

あり

ari — There is or it exists; classical or literary form of aru.

何か

nanika — Something; an unspecified thing or unknown matter.

起きて

okite — Happening or occurring; te-form of okiru.

いる

iru — To exist or be; auxiliary indicating ongoing action.

壁

kabe — A wall; a vertical structure dividing or enclosing spaces.

向こう側

mukoougawa — The other side or far side beyond a barrier.

私たち

watashitachi — We or us; first person plural pronoun in Japanese.

とって

totte — For or to; indicating perspective or relevance to someone.

たちまち

tachimachi — Immediately or instantly; in a very short moment.

非常

hijou — Extremely or very; unusually great in degree or intensity.

興味深い

kyoumifukai — Deeply interesting or fascinating; holding one's strong attention.

なる

naru — To become; to change into a different state or condition.