Notre-Dame de Paris — Page 12

Vocabulary

và

và — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

đại

đại — Large, great, grand in scale or importance.

sảnh

sảnh — Hall or lobby, large entrance room in a building.

với

với — Preposition meaning 'with' or 'to', indicating association.

những

những — Plural marker for nouns indicating multiple items.

dát

dát — To overlay or plate a surface with thin material.

vàng

vàng — Gold, the precious yellow metal or its color.

mảng

mảng — A large patch, section, or expanse of something.

xanh

xanh — Blue or green color, depending on context used.

lam

lam — A shade of blue, indigo or azure in color.

bức

bức — Classifier for paintings, pictures, walls, or statues.

tượng

tượng — Statue or sculpture representing a person or figure.

vòm

vòm — Arch or vault, curved architectural structural element.

nhọn

nhọn — Sharp, pointed, coming to a fine tip or point.

cột

cột — Column or pillar, vertical structural support in architecture.

trụ

trụ — Pillar or post serving as a structural support.

mái

mái — Roof or rooftop of a building or structure.

bao

bao — To cover, encompass, or surround something entirely.

la

la — Vast, wide, used in compounds like 'bao la' meaning expansive.

tất

tất — All, every, used in 'tất cả' meaning everything.

cả

cả — All, whole, entire; used with 'tất' for completeness.

đều

đều — All, equally, uniformly applying to every item mentioned.

chạm

chạm — To carve, engrave, or touch a surface delicately.

khắc

khắc — To engrave or carve designs into a hard surface.

tinh

tinh — Fine, exquisite, refined in quality or craftsmanship.

xảo

xảo — Skillful, elaborate, showing great artisanal craftsmanship.

căn

căn — Classifier for rooms, houses, or enclosed dwelling spaces.

phòng

phòng — Room, an enclosed space within a building.

con

con — Classifier for animals; also means child or young one.

sư

sư — Lion, used in 'sư tử'; also means master or teacher.

tử

tử — Son or death; in 'sư tử' forms the word lion.

đá

đá — Stone or rock; also means to kick with a foot.

đứng

đứng — To stand upright in a vertical position.

trước

trước — In front of, before, preceding in position or time.

cửa

cửa — Door, gate, or entrance to a building or room.

đầu

đầu — Head of a person or animal; also means beginning.

cúi

cúi — To bow or bend the head downward in deference.

xuống

xuống — Down, downward, descending in direction or position.

đuôi

đuôi — Tail of an animal or trailing end of something.

kẹp

kẹp — To clamp, tuck, or hold tightly between two things.

giữa

giữa — Between, in the middle of two or more things.

hai

hai — The number two; second in a numerical sequence.

chân

chân — Leg or foot of a person, animal, or object.

như

như — Like, as, similar to; used for comparisons.

trên

trên — On, above, on top of a surface or position.

ngai

ngai — Throne, the ceremonial seat of a king or ruler.

của

của — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'.

trong

trong — In, inside, within a space or container.

tư

tư — Posture, pose; also means private or the number four.

thế

thế — Posture, stance, or position; also means world or so.

khiêm

khiêm — Humble, modest, not boastful or arrogant in manner.

nhường

nhường — Yielding, modest, deferring to others graciously.

vốn

vốn — Originally, inherently, by nature from the beginning.

thích

thích — To like, to be suited to, to fit well.

hợp

hợp — Suitable, fitting, appropriate for a given context.

sức

sức — Strength, power, physical or inner force or energy.

mạnh

mạnh — Strong, powerful, having great force or intensity.

công

công — Justice, public, merit; used in many compound words.

lý

lý — Reason, logic, principle underlying a concept or action.

cánh

cánh — Wing of a bird or panel of a door or gate.

tuyệt

tuyệt — Excellent, superb, absolutely wonderful or extraordinary.

đẹp

đẹp — Beautiful, attractive, pleasing to the eye aesthetically.

tấm

tấm — Classifier for flat sheets like glass, panels, or boards.

kính

kính — Glass, mirror, or eyeglasses; also means respect.

màu

màu — Color, hue, shade of a visual spectrum.

tác

tác — Work, creation; used in 'tác phẩm' meaning artwork.

phẩm

phẩm — Product, work, piece; used in compound 'tác phẩm'.

sắt

sắt — Iron, the common metallic element used in construction.

trổ

trổ — To carve, cut ornamental patterns into a hard material.

đã

đã — Past tense marker indicating a completed action already done.

khiến

khiến — To cause, make, or compel someone to do something.

phải

phải — Must, have to; also means right side or correct.

vọng

vọng — To yearn for, look toward, or admire from afar.

đồ

đồ — Objects, goods, furniture, or things in general.

gỗ

gỗ — Wood, timber used in furniture or construction.

tế

tế — Fine, delicate; also related to ritual offerings or sacrifice.

Thời

Thời — Time, era, period in history or a span of time.

gian

gian — Space, interval of time; also means treacherous or wicked.

làm

làm — To do, make, perform an action or create something.

gì

gì — What, anything; interrogative or indefinite pronoun in Vietnamese.

người

người — Person, human being, people in general context.

kỳ

kỳ — Extraordinary, strange, wonderful, remarkable in nature.

quan

quan — Sight, view, spectacle; used in 'kỳ quan' meaning wonder.

này

này — This, these; demonstrative pronoun pointing to nearby things.

Họ

Họ — They, them; third person plural pronoun in Vietnamese.

cho

cho — To give, to allow, or to let someone have something.

chúng

chúng — We, us, they; collective pronoun for a group of people.

ta

ta — We, us; first person plural or informal first person.

điều

điều — Thing, matter, point, or condition being discussed.

để

để — To put, place; also means 'in order to' or 'so that'.

đổi

đổi — To exchange, swap, or trade one thing for another.

lấy

lấy — To take, get, or obtain something; also means to marry.

lịch

lịch — Calendar, schedule; also means refined or civilized manners.

sử

sử — History, historical records of past events and periods.

xứ

xứ — Land, region, territory, or country of a people.

nghệ

nghệ — Art, craft, skill; used in 'nghệ thuật' meaning art.

thuật

thuật — Technique, art, method; in 'nghệ thuật' means artistic craft.

Những

Những — Plural marker indicating multiple items or people grouped together.

cuốn

cuốn — Volume, roll, book; also means to wind or roll up.

dẹt

dẹt — Flat, flattened, low-profile in shape or appearance.

nặng

nặng — Heavy, weighty, burdensome in physical or figurative sense.

nề

nề — Used in compounds like 'nặng nề' meaning cumbersome, heavy.

ông

ông — Mister, grandfather, he; respectful term for older male.

kiến

kiến — To build, construct; used in 'kiến trúc' meaning architecture.

trúc

trúc — Structure, bamboo; in 'kiến trúc' refers to architecture.

vụng

vụng — Clumsy, unskilled, awkward in execution or performance.

về

về — About, concerning; also means to return home or go back.

cổng

cổng — Gate, large entrance to a compound, temple, or building.

Nghệ

Nghệ — Art, craft; short for 'nghệ thuật', artistic expression.

là

là — To be; linking verb equating subject and predicate.

vậy

vậy — So, thus, that way; used to summarize or conclude.

đó

đó — That, there; demonstrative pronoun for something nearby mentioned.

còn

còn — Still, yet, remaining; also means 'as for' in contrast.

có

có — To have, to exist, there is or there are.

hồi

hồi — Memory, time period, episode; also means to return.

ức

ức — Memory, recollection; used in 'hồi ức' meaning reminiscence.

tán

tán — To chat, flirt, discuss idly; spread out loosely.

gẫu

gẫu — Idle chat, gossip; 'tán gẫu' means to chat casually.

cây

cây — Tree, plant; also classifier for long thin objects.

lớn

lớn — Big, large, grown-up in size or age or importance.

vẫn

vẫn — Still, yet, continuing unchanged in state or action.

vang

vang — To resound, echo, ring out loudly through space.

chuyện

chuyện — Story, matter, topic, conversation about something specific.

phiếm

phiếm — Trivial, idle; 'chuyện phiếm' means casual small talk.

Đó

Đó — That, those; demonstrative pointing to something mentioned.

không

không — No, not, negation; also means empty or zero.

nhiều

nhiều — Many, much, a large quantity or amount of something.

Hãy

Hãy — Please, let's; imperative particle urging someone to act.

trở

trở — To return, turn, become; used in 'trở lại' meaning return.

lại

lại — Again, back, return; directional or repetitive verb complement.

thực

thực — Real, actual, true; used in 'thực sự' meaning truly.

sự

sự — Matter, affair, fact; nominalizer for abstract concepts.

tòa

tòa — Building, court, large impressive structure or institution.

cung

cung — Palace, royal residence; also a bow or musical string.

điện

điện — Palace hall, electricity; in 'cung điện' means royal palace.

cũ

cũ — Old, used, former, no longer new or current.

Hai

Hai — Two, the number 2; second in numerical order.

hình

hình — Shape, form, figure, image or geometric shape.

chữ

chữ — Letter, character, script; 'hình chữ nhật' means rectangle.

nhật

nhật — Day, sun; in 'chữ nhật' forms rectangle; also Japan.

khổng

khổng — Enormous, colossal; used in 'khổng lồ' meaning gigantic.

lồ

lồ — Giant; 'khổng lồ' together means enormous or colossal.

được

được — To be able to, to receive; passive voice marker in Vietnamese.

chiếm

chiếm — To occupy, take over, or dominate a space or position.

giữ

giữ — To keep, hold, guard, maintain possession of something.

một

một — One, the number 1; also an indefinite article.

bởi

bởi — By, because of; indicates cause or agent in a sentence.

chiếc

chiếc — Classifier for individual objects like vehicles, tables, or items.

bàn

bàn — Table, desk; also means to discuss or deliberate.

cẩm

cẩm — Brocade, fine fabric; in 'cẩm thạch' means marble stone.

thạch

thạch — Stone, rock; 'cẩm thạch' means marble used in decoration.

nổi

nổi — Famous, floating, raised; 'nổi tiếng' means well-known.

tiếng

tiếng — Sound, language, fame; 'nổi tiếng' means famous or renowned.

dài

dài — Long in length, extended in distance or duration.

đến

đến — To arrive, reach, up to; indicates destination or extent.

rộng

rộng — Wide, broad, spacious in physical dimension or scope.

dày

dày — Thick, dense in measurement or consistency.

mà

mà — But, yet, while; contrastive conjunction in Vietnamese sentences.

tài

tài — Talent, skill, ability; used in 'tài liệu' meaning document.

liệu

liệu — Document, material, data; 'tài liệu' means reference document.

địa

địa — Land, earth, place; used in many geographic compounds.

bạ

bạ — Register, record book; 'địa bạ' is a land registry.

cổ

cổ — Ancient, old, antique; relating to historical past times.

xưa

xưa — Ancient, of old, long ago in distant past times.

theo

theo — According to, following, in accordance with a source.

văn

văn — Literature, writing, culture; used in many literary compounds.

phong

phong — Style, manner, wind; 'văn phong' means literary writing style.

thể

thể — Style, form, body; can indicate manner or physical form.

thèm

thèm — To crave, desire, hunger for food or something wanted.

ăn

ăn — To eat, consume food; fundamental daily action verb.

ghi

ghi — To record, write down, note something for reference.

rằng

rằng — That; complementizer introducing a reported speech or thought.

chưa

chưa — Not yet; negation indicating an action hasn't occurred.

từng

từng — Ever, once, each; indicates past experience or individuality.

nhìn

nhìn — To look at, observe, gaze upon something visually.

thấy

thấy — To see, perceive, notice; indicates successful sensory perception.

kia

kia — That, over there; distal demonstrative pointing to far objects.

nhà

nhà — House, home, building; also used for institutions or family.

nguyện

nguyện — Chapel, to vow or wish; 'nhà nguyện' means chapel.

nơi

nơi — Place, location, spot where something exists or occurs.