Notre-Dame de Paris — Page 13

Vocabulary

đã

da — Past tense marker indicating completed action

cho

cho — To give; for; to allow

khắc

khac — To carve or engrave into a surface

hình

hinh — Shape, image, or figure of something

mình

minh — Oneself; personal pronoun for self

đang

dang — Present tense marker indicating ongoing action

quỳ

quy — To kneel down on one or both knees

trước

truoc — Before; in front of; previously

Đức

Duc — Virtue; used in religious titles like holy

Trinh

Trinh — Chastity; virginity; pure and untouched

Nữ

Nu — Female; woman; used in compound nouns

và

va — And; conjunction connecting words or phrases

mang

mang — To carry, bear, or bring something along

về

ve — About; to return; concerning a topic

đó

do — That; there; referring to something mentioned

bất

bat — Negative prefix meaning not or without

chấp

chap — To accept; to disregard; to overlook something

hai

hai — The number two; second in a sequence

chỗ

cho — Place, spot, or location for something

trống

trong — Empty, vacant, or blank space available

được

duoc — To be able to; to receive; successfully

tạo

tao — To create, form, or produce something new

ra

ra — Out; to come out; directional particle outward

trong

trong — Inside, within; in the interior of something

hàng

hang — Row, line, or series of arranged things

tượng

tuong — Statue or sculpted figure of a person

các

cac — Plural marker for multiple specific nouns

vị

vi — Honorific classifier for respected individuals

vua

vua — King; monarch; ruler of a kingdom

của

cua — Of; belonging to; possessive particle

Thánh

Thanh — Saint; holy; sacred religious figure

thánh

thanh — Holy, sacred; referring to a saint

mà

ma — But; yet; relative particle connecting clauses

ông

ong — He; Mr.; grandfather; respectful male pronoun

là

la — To be; linking verb connecting subject and predicate

sủng

sung — To favor; to cherish with special affection

ái

ai — Love; affection; to hold dear

lớn

lon — Large, big, great in size or importance

trên

tren — Above, on top of, upon a surface

thiên

thien — Heaven; sky; celestial realm above earth

đàng

dang — Road, path; used in thiên đàng meaning heaven

với

voi — With; together with; in the capacity of

tư

tu — Private; personal; in the role of

cách

cach — Way, manner, method of doing something

những

nhung — Plural marker for unspecified multiple nouns

nước

nuoc — Country, nation; water; liquid

Pháp

Phap — France; French; referring to the country

Nhà

Nha — House, building; used in compound place names

nguyện

nguyen — Chapel; to pray; to wish or desire

này

nay — This; referring to something nearby or current

khá

kha — Rather, quite, fairly; moderately good

mới

moi — New, recent; just; freshly done or built

xây

xay — To build or construct a structure

dựng

dung — To erect, set up, or establish something

chỉ

chi — Only, merely, just; to point at something

sáu

sau — The number six

năm

nam — Year; the number five

hoàn

hoan — Complete, whole; to complete or finish

toàn

toan — Entire, total, completely, wholly

phong

phong — Style, manner; to confer a title

quyến

quyen — To attract, charm, or entice someone

rũ

ru — To enchant; to hang loosely; to lure

kiến

kien — Architecture; to see; ant insect

trúc

truc — Architecture; bamboo; structure of buildings

tinh

tinh — Fine, refined, delicate; essence of something

tế

te — Delicate, subtle, refined in detail

điêu

dieu — Carving, sculpting; skilled artistic craftsmanship

tuyệt

tuyet — Excellent, superb, absolutely wonderful

vời

voi — Wonderful; to summon; used in tuyệt vời

chạm

cham — To touch; to carve or engrave decoratively

xảo

xao — Skillful, clever, intricate in craftsmanship

sâu

sau — Deep, profound; deeply carved or embedded

sắc

sac — Sharp, keen; color; intense and vivid

vốn

von — Originally, inherently; capital or fund

đánh

danh — To mark, strike; to beat; to note

dấu

dau — Mark, sign, symbol; to mark something

sự

su — Nominalizing particle turning verbs into nouns

kết

ket — To conclude, end, connect, or tie together

thúc

thuc — End, conclusion; to urge or push forward

thời

thoi — Time, era, period of history

đại

dai — Era, age, generation; great or large

nơi

noi — Place, location, where something occurs

chúng

chung — We, us; they; referring to a group

ta

ta — We; I; used in chúng ta meaning we

tiếp

tiep — To continue, receive, connect to next

nối

noi — To connect, link, or continue a sequence

đến

den — To arrive at; until; to reach a point

khoảng

khoang — Around, approximately, about a quantity

giữa

giua — Middle, center, between two things

thế

the — World; century; era; thus or so

kỷ

ky — Century; discipline; record; era of time

mười

muoi — The number ten

ảo

ao — Illusory, imaginary, fantastical, unreal

tưởng

tuong — To imagine, think, or fantasize about something

như

nhu — Like, as, similar to; as if

cổ

co — Ancient, old, antique; neck of body

tích

tich — Story, tale; legend; historical account

kỳ

ky — Strange, wonderful, marvelous; magical quality

Phục

Phuc — Revival, restoration; used in Phục Hưng Renaissance

Hưng

Hung — Prosperous, flourishing; Renaissance when paired with Phục

Cửa

Cua — Door, gate, opening of a building

sổ

so — Window; notebook; register or book

hoa

hoa — Flower; floral; decorative floral pattern

hồng

hong — Pink; rose flower; rosy color

nhỏ

nho — Small, little, tiny in size

thấu

thau — To penetrate, see through; transparent glass

kính

kinh — Glass; spectacles; to respect; lens

đục

duc — To pierce, drill, cut through material

khoét

khoet — To hollow out, bore, or cut a hole

phía

phia — Side, direction, toward a particular direction

cổng

cong — Gate, main entrance of a building

vào

vao — To enter; into; inward direction

đặc

dac — Special, particular, dense, distinctive quality

biệt

biet — Special, separate, distinguished from others

một

mot — One; a; an indefinite article

kiệt

kiet — Masterpiece; outstanding work; exhausted

tác

tac — Work, piece; creation; used in kiệt tác masterpiece

nhẹ

nhe — Light, gentle, delicate, soft in nature

nhàng

nhang — Gentle, graceful; used in nhẹ nhàng gently

duyên

duyen — Grace, charm, elegance; romantic fate

dáng

dang — Figure, posture, graceful appearance or form

người

nguoi — Person, people; human being

hẳn

han — Certainly, surely, definitely without doubt

gọi

goi — To call, name, or refer to something

nó

no — It; he; she; third person pronoun

ngôi

ngoi — Classifier for stars, buildings, or positions

sao

sao — Star; why; how; sparkling celestial body

bằng

bang — Made of; equal to; by means of

ren

ren — Lace; delicate woven decorative fabric material

Ở

O — At, in; to live or reside somewhere

sảnh

sanh — Hall, lobby, reception area of building

đường

duong — Road, path; hall; sugar; way

đối

doi — Opposite, facing; to respond; against

diện

dien — Face, surface; opposite; facing direction

cánh

canh — Wing; panel of a door; blade

cửa

cua — Door, gate, entrance to a room

bục

buc — Platform, podium, raised platform or stand

gấm

gam — Brocade; rich embroidered fabric or cloth

vàng

vang — Gold; yellow color; golden material

đặt

dat — To place, put, or set something down

tựa

tua — To lean against; resembling; resting on

tường

tuong — Wall of a room or building

lối

loi — Path, passage, way, manner of access

riêng

rieng — Private, separate, individual, exclusive to one

qua

qua — Through, past, across, via a route

hành

hanh — Corridor, hallway; to act or perform

lang

lang — Corridor, hallway; used in hành lang

phòng

phong — Room, chamber; to defend or guard

lên

len — To go up, rise, ascend upward

sứ

su — Ambassador, envoy; porcelain; on a mission

xứ

xu — Land, territory, region, country or province

nhân

nhan — Person, character; humanity; cause or factor

vật

vat — Object, thing; character in a story

quan

quan — Important, significant; official or mandarin

trọng

trong — Important, weighty, significant; to respect

khác

khac — Other, different, another, else

mời

moi — To invite someone to do something

xem

xem — To watch, view, or look at something

buổi

buoi — Session, period of time; showing or event

trình

trinh — To present, perform, show to an audience

diễn

dien — To perform, act, or stage a show

vở

vo — Play, theatrical piece; notebook

kịch

kich — Drama, play, theatrical performance on stage

bí

bi — Secret, mysterious; pumpkin; concealed

ẩn

an — Hidden, mysterious, concealed from view

Chính

Chinh — Main, primary, correct; exactly that thing

chiếc

chiec — Classifier for single objects like tables, chairs

bàn

ban — Table; to discuss; flat surface for use

đá

da — Stone, rock; marble; to kick

cẩm

cam — Marble; brocade; used in đá cẩm thạch

thạch

thach — Stone, marble; rocky material

sẽ

se — Future tense marker indicating something will happen

xuất

xuat — To appear, emerge, come out; to export

thường

thuong — Usually, often, normal; ordinary, regular

lệ

le — Custom, rule, convention, regular practice