On Liberty — Page 2
I never was a boy," he says;
«Non sono mai stato un ragazzo», dice;
"never played cricket."
«non ho mai giocato a cricket.»
His exercise was taken in the form of walks with his father, during which the elder Mill lectured his son and examined him on his work.
Il suo esercizio fisico consisteva in passeggiate con il padre, durante le quali il vecchio Mill faceva lezione al figlio e lo esaminava sul suo lavoro.
It is idle to speculate on the possible results of a different treatment.
È inutile speculare sui possibili risultati di un trattamento diverso.
Mill remained delicate throughout his life, but was endowed with that intense mental energy which is so often combined with physical weakness.
Mill rimase di salute cagionevole per tutta la vita, ma era dotato di quell'intensa energia mentale che così spesso si accompagna alla debolezza fisica.
His youth was sacrificed to an idea; he was designed by his father to carry on his work; the individuality of the boy was unimportant.
La sua giovinezza fu sacrificata a un'idea; il padre lo aveva destinato a portare avanti la propria opera; l'individualità del ragazzo era irrilevante.
A visit to the south of France at the age of fourteen, in company with the family of General Sir Samuel Bentham, was not without its influence.
Una visita nel sud della Francia all'età di quattordici anni, in compagnia della famiglia del generale Sir Samuel Bentham, non fu priva di influenza.
It was a glimpse of another atmosphere, though the studious habits of his home life were maintained.
Fu uno scorcio di un'altra atmosfera, sebbene le abitudini studiose della sua vita domestica fossero mantenute.
Moreover, he derived from it his interest in foreign politics, which remained one of his characteristics to the end of his life.
Inoltre, da quel viaggio trasse il suo interesse per la politica estera, che rimase una delle sue caratteristiche fino alla fine della sua vita.
In 1823 he was appointed junior clerk in the Examiners' Office at the India House.
Nel 1823 fu nominato impiegato subalterno nell'Ufficio degli Esaminatori presso l'India House.
Mill's first essays were written in the _Traveller_ about a year before he entered the India House.
I primi saggi di Mill furono scritti sul _Traveller_ circa un anno prima che entrasse all'India House.
From that time forward his literary work was uninterrupted save by attacks of illness.
Da quel momento in poi la sua opera letteraria fu ininterrotta, salvo che per gli attacchi di malattia.
His industry was stupendous.
La sua operosità era straordinaria.
He wrote articles on an infinite variety of subjects, political, metaphysical, philosophic, religious, poetical.
Scrisse articoli su un'infinita varietà di argomenti: politici, metafisici, filosofici, religiosi, poetici.
He discovered Tennyson for his generation, he influenced the writing of Carlyle's _French Revolution_ as well as its success.
Scoprì Tennyson per la sua generazione, influenzò la stesura della _Rivoluzione francese_ di Carlyle così come il suo successo.
Vocabulary
- Non
- Negation word meaning 'not'
- sono
- First person singular or third person plural of 'essere'
- mai
- Never; used to express negation of occurrence
- stato
- Past participle of 'essere'; been; also state
- un
- Masculine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'
- ragazzo
- Boy; young man; informal term for guy
- dice
- Third person singular of 'dire'; he/she says
- non
- Negation word meaning 'not'
- ho
- First person singular of 'avere'; I have
- giocato
- Past participle of 'giocare'; played a game
- a
- Preposition meaning 'at', 'to', or 'in'
- Il
- Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'
- suo
- Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'
- esercizio
- Exercise; physical or mental practice activity
- fisico
- Physical; relating to the body or physics
- consisteva
- Third person singular imperfect of 'consistere'; consisted
- in
- Preposition meaning 'in', 'into', or 'by'
- passeggiate
- Walks; leisurely strolls taken for pleasure
- con
- Preposition meaning 'with'; accompaniment or means
- il
- Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'
- padre
- Father; male parent or paternal figure
- durante
- Preposition meaning 'during'; throughout a period
- le
- Feminine plural definite article or pronoun 'the'
- quali
- Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'who'
- vecchio
- Old; elderly man or aged person
- faceva
- Third person singular imperfect of 'fare'; was doing
- lezione
- Lesson; educational session or instructional class
- al
- Contraction of 'a' and 'il'; to the
- figlio
- Son; male child in relation to parent
- e
- Conjunction meaning 'and'; connects words or clauses
- lo
- Masculine singular direct object pronoun meaning 'him/it'
- esaminava
- Third person singular imperfect of 'esaminare'; examined
- sul
- Contraction of 'su' and 'il'; on the
- lavoro
- Work; job; labor or professional activity
- È
- Third person singular of 'essere'; is
- inutile
- Useless; pointless; serving no practical purpose
- speculare
- To speculate; to theorize without concrete evidence
- sui
- Contraction of 'su' and 'i'; on the (plural)
- possibili
- Possible; plural adjective denoting feasible outcomes
- risultati
- Results; outcomes; consequences of actions or events
- di
- Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'about'
- trattamento
- Treatment; care or handling of a person
- diverso
- Different; diverse; varied from something else
- rimase
- Third person singular past of 'rimanere'; remained
- salute
- Health; physical condition of a person's body
- cagionevole
- Frail; sickly; describing poor or delicate health
- per
- Preposition meaning 'for', 'through', or 'by'
- tutta
- All; entire; feminine form of 'tutto'
- la
- Feminine singular definite article meaning 'the'
- vita
- Life; the state of being alive
- ma
- Conjunction meaning 'but'; introduces contrast
- era
- Third person singular imperfect of 'essere'; was
- dotato
- Gifted; endowed with talent or natural ability
- quell'
- Demonstrative adjective 'that' before vowel sound
- intensa
- Intense; strong; concentrated in degree or force
- energia
- Energy; vigor; capacity for sustained effort
- mentale
- Mental; relating to the mind or intellect
- che
- Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that/which/who'
- così
- So; thus; in this way or manner
- spesso
- Often; frequently; occurring many times
- si
- Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself' or impersonal 'one'
- accompagna
- Third person singular of 'accompagnare'; accompanies
- alla
- Contraction of 'a' and 'la'; to the
- debolezza
- Weakness; frailty; lack of physical or moral strength
- fisica
- Physical; relating to the body; also physics
- La
- Feminine singular definite article meaning 'the'
- sua
- Feminine possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', 'its'
- giovinezza
- Youth; the period of being young
- fu
- Third person singular past of 'essere'; was
- sacrificata
- Sacrificed; given up for a greater purpose
- un'
- Feminine indefinite article before vowel meaning 'a'
- idea
- Idea; concept; thought or mental conception
- aveva
- Third person singular imperfect of 'avere'; had
- destinato
- Destined; intended; designated for a specific purpose
- portare
- To carry; to bring; to lead forward
- avanti
- Forward; ahead; onward in space or time
- propria
- Own; one's own; belonging to oneself
- opera
- Work; opus; artistic or intellectual creation
- l'
- Definite article elided before vowel meaning 'the'
- individualità
- Individuality; the quality of being a unique person
- del
- Contraction of 'di' and 'il'; of the
- irrilevante
- Irrelevant; unimportant; not pertinent to the matter
- Una
- Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'
- visita
- Visit; a trip to see a person or place
- nel
- Contraction of 'in' and 'il'; in the
- sud
- South; the southern direction or region
- della
- Contraction of 'di' and 'la'; of the
- all'
- Contraction of 'a' and 'la/l''; at the
- età
- Age; the number of years a person has lived
- quattordici
- Fourteen; the cardinal number between thirteen and fifteen
- anni
- Years; plural of 'anno'; units of time
- compagnia
- Company; companionship; group of people together
- famiglia
- Family; group of related people living together
- generale
- General; military rank; also meaning general/overall
- priva
- Deprived of; lacking; without something important
- influenza
- Influence; power to affect others; also the flu
- Fu
- Third person singular past of 'essere'; was
- uno
- Masculine indefinite article or number meaning 'one'
- scorcio
- Glimpse; brief view; foreshortened perspective
- altra
- Other; another; different; feminine form of 'altro'
- atmosfera
- Atmosphere; ambiance; surrounding mood or environment
- sebbene
- Although; even though; conjunction expressing concession
- abitudini
- Habits; customs; regular patterns of behavior
- studiose
- Studious; devoted to study and academic work
- domestica
- Domestic; relating to the home or household
- fossero
- Third person plural imperfect subjunctive of 'essere'
- mantenute
- Maintained; kept; preserved in a certain state
- Inoltre
- Furthermore; moreover; in addition to what was said
- da
- Preposition meaning 'from', 'by', or 'since'
- quel
- Demonstrative adjective 'that'; masculine before consonant
- viaggio
- Trip; journey; travel to a distant place
- trasse
- Third person singular past of 'trarre'; drew out
- interesse
- Interest; curiosity; attention directed toward something
- politica
- Politics; policy; the field of governance and power
- estera
- Foreign; relating to other countries or abroad
- una
- Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'
- delle
- Contraction of 'di' and 'le'; of the (plural feminine)
- sue
- Feminine plural possessive adjective meaning 'his/her/its'
- caratteristiche
- Characteristics; distinctive traits or features of someone
- fino
- Until; up to; as far as a point
- fine
- End; conclusion; termination of something
- Nel
- Contraction of 'in' and 'il'; in the
- nominato
- Appointed; nominated; designated for a position
- impiegato
- Employee; clerk; office worker or staff member
- subalterno
- Junior; subordinate; of lower rank in hierarchy
- nell'
- Contraction of 'in' and 'l''; in the
- Ufficio
- Office; bureau; administrative workplace or department
- degli
- Contraction of 'di' and 'gli'; of the (plural masculine)
- Esaminatori
- Examiners; officials responsible for reviewing and evaluating
- presso
- At; near; located at or close to a place
- I
- Masculine plural definite article meaning 'the'
- primi
- First; earliest; plural masculine of 'primo'
- saggi
- Essays; short analytical or reflective written pieces
- furono
- Third person plural past of 'essere'; were
- scritti
- Written; past participle plural of 'scrivere'
- circa
- About; approximately; around a quantity or time
- anno
- Year; a period of twelve months
- prima
- Before; earlier; prior in time or order
- entrasse
- Third person singular imperfect subjunctive of 'entrare'; entered
- Da
- Preposition meaning 'from', 'since', or 'by'
- momento
- Moment; instant; brief period of time
- poi
- Then; afterwards; later in sequence
- letteraria
- Literary; relating to literature and written works
- ininterrotta
- Uninterrupted; continuous; without pause or break
- salvo
- Except for; save for; barring certain exceptions
- gli
- Masculine plural definite article or indirect object pronoun
- attacchi
- Attacks; bouts; episodes of illness or aggression
- malattia
- Illness; disease; condition of poor health
- operosità
- Industriousness; diligence; quality of being hardworking
- straordinaria
- Extraordinary; exceptional; beyond what is ordinary
- Scrisse
- Third person singular past of 'scrivere'; wrote
- articoli
- Articles; written pieces published in periodicals
- su
- Preposition meaning 'on', 'about', or 'upon'
- infinita
- Infinite; endless; immeasurably large in variety
- varietà
- Variety; diversity; range of different things
- argomenti
- Topics; subjects; arguments discussed in writing
- politici
- Political; relating to politics or governance
- metafisici
- Metaphysical; relating to abstract philosophical concepts
- filosofici
- Philosophical; relating to philosophy and reasoning
- religiosi
- Religious; relating to religion, faith, or spirituality
- poetici
- Poetic; relating to poetry or having lyrical quality
- Scoprì
- Third person singular past of 'scoprire'; discovered
- generazione
- Generation; a group of people born in same era
- influenzò
- Third person singular past of 'influenzare'; influenced
- stesura
- Writing; drafting; the act of composing a text
- _Rivoluzione
- Revolution; part of title referring to the French Revolution
- francese_
- French; relating to France; part of book title
- come
- As; like; how; used for comparison or manner
- successo
- Success; achievement; also past participle of 'succedere'
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