On Liberty — Page 3

English → It Preface Level 9/10

And all the while he was engaged in studying and preparing for his more ambitious works, while he rose step by step at the India Office.

E per tutto questo tempo era impegnato nello studiare e nel prepararsi per le sue opere più ambiziose, mentre saliva passo dopo passo all'India Office.

His _Essays on Unsettled Questions in Political Economy_ were written in 1831, although they did not appear until thirteen years later.

I suoi _Saggi su Questioni Irrisolte di Economia Politica_ furono scritti nel 1831, sebbene non apparissero fino a tredici anni dopo.

His _System of Logic_, the design of which was even then fashioning itself in his brain, took thirteen years to complete, and was actually published before the _Political Economy_.

Il suo _Sistema di Logica_, il cui disegno si stava già allora formando nella sua mente, impiegò tredici anni per essere completato, e fu pubblicato in realtà prima dell'_Economia Politica_.

In 1844 appeared the article on Michelet, which its author anticipated would cause some discussion, but which did not create the sensation he expected.

Nel 1844 apparve l'articolo su Michelet, che il suo autore prevedeva avrebbe suscitato qualche discussione, ma che non creò la sensazione che egli si aspettava.

Next year there were the "Claims of Labour" and "Guizot," and in 1847 his articles on Irish affairs in the _Morning Chronicle_.

L'anno seguente comparvero i "Diritti del Lavoro" e "Guizot", e nel 1847 i suoi articoli sulle questioni irlandesi nel _Morning Chronicle_.

These years were very much influenced by his friendship and correspondence with Comte, a curious comradeship between men of such different temperament.

Questi anni furono molto influenzati dalla sua amicizia e corrispondenza con Comte, una curiosa cameratanza tra uomini di temperamento così diverso.

In 1848 Mill published his _Political Economy_, to which he had given his serious study since the completion of his _Logic_.

Nel 1848 Mill pubblicò la sua _Economia Politica_, alla quale aveva dedicato il suo serio studio dal completamento della sua _Logica_.

His articles and reviews, though they involved a good deal of work--as, for instance, the re-perusal of the _Iliad_ and the _Odyssey_ in the original before reviewing Grote's _Greece_--were recreation to the student.

I suoi articoli e recensioni, benché comportassero una buona dose di lavoro -- come, ad esempio, la rilettura dell'_Iliade_ e dell'_Odissea_ in originale prima di recensire la _Grecia_ di Grote -- erano un passatempo per lo studioso.

The year 1856 saw him head of the Examiners' Office in the India House, and another two years brought the end of his official work, owing to the transfer of India to the Crown.

L'anno 1856 lo vide a capo dell'Ufficio degli Esaminatori all'India House, e altri due anni portarono la fine del suo lavoro ufficiale, a causa del trasferimento dell'India alla Corona.

In the same year his wife died.

Nello stesso anno morì sua moglie.

Vocabulary

per: Preposition meaning 'for', 'by', or 'through'.
tutto: Adjective or pronoun meaning 'all' or 'everything'.
questo: Demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'this'.
tempo: Noun meaning 'time' or 'weather'.
era: Past tense of 'essere', meaning 'was' or 'were'.
impegnato: Adjective meaning 'busy', 'engaged', or 'committed'.
nello: Contraction of 'in' and 'lo', meaning 'in the'.
studiare: Infinitive verb meaning 'to study'.
nel: Contraction of 'in' and 'il', meaning 'in the'.
prepararsi: Reflexive infinitive meaning 'to prepare oneself'.
sue: Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its' (feminine plural).
opere: Plural noun meaning 'works', 'compositions', or 'creations'.
più: Adverb meaning 'more' or 'most'.
ambiziose: Adjective meaning 'ambitious' (feminine plural form).
mentre: Conjunction meaning 'while' or 'whereas'.
saliva: Imperfect tense of 'salire', meaning 'was climbing' or 'rising'.
passo: Noun meaning 'step' or 'pace'; also first person of 'passare'.
dopo: Preposition or adverb meaning 'after' or 'afterwards'.
all': Contraction of 'a' and 'l'', meaning 'at the' or 'to the'.
suoi: Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its' (masculine plural).
_Saggi: Noun meaning 'essays' or 'trials'; title word here.
su: Preposition meaning 'on', 'about', or 'upon'.
Questioni: Plural noun meaning 'questions', 'issues', or 'matters'.
Irrisolte: Adjective meaning 'unresolved' or 'unsettled' (feminine plural).
Economia: Noun meaning 'economics' or 'economy'.
Politica_: Noun meaning 'politics' or 'policy'; part of a title.
furono: Past tense of 'essere', meaning 'were' (third person plural).
scritti: Past participle of 'scrivere', meaning 'written'.
sebbene: Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'.
apparissero: Subjunctive past of 'apparire', meaning 'appeared' or 'came out'.
fino: Adverb or preposition meaning 'until', 'up to', or 'as far as'.
tredici: Number meaning 'thirteen'.
anni: Plural noun meaning 'years'.
suo: Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its' (masculine singular).
_Sistema: Noun meaning 'system'; used here as part of a title.
Logica_: Noun meaning 'logic'; part of a book title.
cui: Relative pronoun meaning 'whose', 'of which', or 'whom'.
disegno: Noun meaning 'design', 'plan', or 'drawing'.
si: Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself', 'itself', or 'each other'.
stava: Imperfect of 'stare', meaning 'was' in a progressive context.
già: Adverb meaning 'already' or 'yet'.
allora: Adverb meaning 'then', 'at that time', or 'so'.
formando: Gerund of 'formare', meaning 'forming' or 'taking shape'.
nella: Contraction of 'in' and 'la', meaning 'in the' (feminine).
mente: Noun meaning 'mind' or 'intellect'.
impiegò: Past tense of 'impiegare', meaning 'took' (time) or 'employed'.
essere: Infinitive meaning 'to be'; also used as auxiliary verb.
completato: Past participle of 'completare', meaning 'completed' or 'finished'.
fu: Past tense of 'essere', meaning 'was' (third person singular).
pubblicato: Past participle of 'pubblicare', meaning 'published'.
realtà: Noun meaning 'reality' or 'actuality'.
prima: Adverb or adjective meaning 'before', 'first', or 'earlier'.
dell': Contraction of 'di' and 'l'', meaning 'of the'.
_Economia: Noun meaning 'economics'; part of a book title here.
Nel: Contraction of 'in' and 'il', meaning 'in the'.
apparve: Past tense of 'apparire', meaning 'appeared' or 'came out'.
articolo: Noun meaning 'article', as in a written piece or publication.
autore: Noun meaning 'author' or 'writer'.
prevedeva: Imperfect of 'prevedere', meaning 'expected' or 'foresaw'.
avrebbe: Conditional of 'avere', meaning 'would have'.
suscitato: Past participle of 'suscitare', meaning 'aroused' or 'provoked'.
qualche: Adjective meaning 'some', 'a few', or 'any'.
discussione: Noun meaning 'discussion' or 'debate'.
creò: Past tense of 'creare', meaning 'created' or 'caused'.
sensazione: Noun meaning 'sensation', 'feeling', or 'stir'.
egli: Personal pronoun meaning 'he' (formal or literary usage).
aspettava: Imperfect of 'aspettare', meaning 'was waiting for' or 'expected'.
anno: Noun meaning 'year'.
seguente: Adjective meaning 'following' or 'next'.
comparvero: Past tense of 'comparire', meaning 'appeared' or 'emerged'.
Diritti: Plural noun meaning 'rights' or 'entitlements'.
Lavoro: Noun meaning 'work', 'labor', or 'job'.
articoli: Plural noun meaning 'articles' or 'written pieces'.
sulle: Contraction of 'su' and 'le', meaning 'on the' (feminine plural).
questioni: Plural noun meaning 'questions', 'issues', or 'matters'.
irlandesi: Adjective meaning 'Irish', relating to Ireland (plural).
Questi: Demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'these'.
molto: Adverb or adjective meaning 'very', 'much', or 'a lot'.
influenzati: Past participle of 'influenzare', meaning 'influenced' (plural).
dalla: Contraction of 'da' and 'la', meaning 'from the' or 'by the'.
amicizia: Noun meaning 'friendship'.
corrispondenza: Noun meaning 'correspondence' or 'exchange of letters'.
curiosa: Adjective meaning 'curious', 'strange', or 'interesting' (feminine).
cameratanza: Noun meaning 'camaraderie', 'fellowship', or 'companionship'.
tra: Preposition meaning 'between', 'among', or 'within'.
uomini: Plural noun meaning 'men' or 'people'.
temperamento: Noun meaning 'temperament', 'disposition', or 'character'.
così: Adverb meaning 'so', 'thus', or 'in this way'.
diverso: Adjective meaning 'different', 'diverse', or 'varied'.
pubblicò: Past tense of 'pubblicare', meaning 'published'.
alla: Contraction of 'a' and 'la', meaning 'to the' or 'at the'.
quale: Relative pronoun meaning 'which', 'who', or 'that'.
aveva: Imperfect of 'avere', meaning 'had' (third person singular).
dedicato: Past participle of 'dedicare', meaning 'dedicated' or 'devoted'.
serio: Adjective meaning 'serious', 'earnest', or 'thorough'.
studio: Noun meaning 'study', 'research', or 'studio'.
dal: Contraction of 'da' and 'il', meaning 'from the' or 'since the'.
completamento: Noun meaning 'completion' or 'finishing'.
della: Contraction of 'di' and 'la', meaning 'of the' (feminine).
_Logica_: Noun meaning 'logic'; title of Mill's work on logic.
recensioni: Plural noun meaning 'reviews' or 'critiques' of works.
benché: Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'.
comportassero: Subjunctive imperfect of 'comportare', meaning 'involved' or 'entailed'.
buona: Adjective meaning 'good' or 'considerable' (feminine singular).
dose: Noun meaning 'dose' or 'amount', often of effort or work.
lavoro: Noun meaning 'work', 'labor', or 'effort'.
come: Adverb or conjunction meaning 'as', 'like', or 'how'.
ad: Preposition meaning 'to' or 'at', used before vowels.
esempio: Noun meaning 'example'; used in 'ad esempio' meaning 'for example'.
rilettura: Noun meaning 'rereading' or 'second reading' of a text.
originale: Adjective or noun meaning 'original', in the source language.
recensire: Infinitive meaning 'to review' or 'to critique' a work.
erano: Past tense of 'essere', meaning 'were' (third person plural).
passatempo: Noun meaning 'pastime', 'hobby', or 'leisure activity'.
lo: Masculine singular definite article or direct object pronoun 'him/it'.
studioso: Noun or adjective meaning 'scholar', 'studious person', or 'researcher'.
vide: Past tense of 'vedere', meaning 'saw' or 'witnessed'.
capo: Noun meaning 'head', 'chief', or 'leader'.
Ufficio: Noun meaning 'office' or 'bureau', an administrative department.
degli: Contraction of 'di' and 'gli', meaning 'of the' (masculine plural).
Esaminatori: Plural noun meaning 'examiners' or 'inspectors'.
altri: Adjective or pronoun meaning 'other', 'others', or 'another'.
due: Number meaning 'two'.
portarono: Past tense of 'portare', meaning 'brought' or 'led to'.
fine: Noun meaning 'end' or 'conclusion'; adjective meaning 'fine'.
ufficiale: Adjective or noun meaning 'official' or 'officer'.
causa: Noun meaning 'cause', 'reason', or 'case'.
trasferimento: Noun meaning 'transfer', 'handover', or 'relocation'.
Corona: Noun meaning 'Crown', referring to the British Crown government.
Nello: Contraction of 'in' and 'lo', meaning 'in the' (masculine).
stesso: Adjective meaning 'same' or 'very' (for emphasis).
morì: Past tense of 'morire', meaning 'died'.
moglie: Noun meaning 'wife'.

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