On Liberty — Page 14

English → Japanese Preface Level 9/10

It is true that Mill had before learnt that men and women ought to be equal in legal, political, social, and domestic relations.

ミルがかつて、男性と女性は法的、政治的、社会的、そして家庭的な関係において平等であるべきだと学んでいたことは事実である。

This was a point on which he had already fallen foul of his father's essay on _Government_.

これは、彼がすでに父親の『統治論』をめぐって対立していた論点であった。

But Mrs. Taylor had actually written on this very point, and the warmth and fervour of Mill's denunciations of women's servitude were unmistakably caught from his wife's view of the practical disabilities entailed by the feminine position.

しかしテイラー夫人はまさにこの論点について実際に著述しており、女性の隷属に対するミルの非難の温かさと熱情は、女性の立場がもたらす現実的な不利益についての妻の見解から明らかに受け取ったものであった。

_Liberty_ was published in 1859, when the nineteenth century was half over, but in its general spirit and in some of its special tendencies the little tract belongs rather to the standpoint of the eighteenth century than to that which saw its birth.

『自由論』は1859年、十九世紀も半ばを過ぎた頃に出版されたが、その全般的な精神といくつかの特定の傾向においては、この小著はその誕生を見た世紀の立場よりも、むしろ十八世紀の立場に属している。

In many of his speculations John Stuart Mill forms a sort of connecting link between the doctrines of the earlier English empirical school and those which we associate with the name of Mr. Herbert Spencer.

多くの思索においてジョン・スチュアート・ミルは、初期のイギリス経験論学派の学説と、ハーバート・スペンサー氏の名と結びついた学説との間をつなぐ一種の連結環を形成している。

In his _Logic_, for instance, he represents an advance on the theories of Hume, and yet does not see how profoundly the victories of Science modify the conclusions of the earlier thinker.

たとえば彼の『論理学』においては、ヒュームの諸理論に対する前進を示しているが、それでも科学の勝利が初期の思想家の結論をいかに深く修正するかを見ていない。

Similarly, in his _Political Economy_, he desires to improve and to enlarge upon Ricardo, and yet does not advance so far as the modifications of political economy by Sociology, indicated by some later--and especially German--speculations on the subject.

同様に、彼の『経済学』においては、リカードを改良し発展させようと望みながら、その主題に関するいくつかの後世の、とりわけドイツの思索が示した、社会学による経済学の修正にまでは到達していない。

Vocabulary

が: ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar
かつて: katsute — Once, formerly, at one time in the past
男性: dansei — Male, man, masculine gender
と: to — And, with; particle connecting nouns or clauses
女性: josei — Female, woman, feminine gender
は: wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic
法的: hōteki — Legal, lawful, pertaining to the law
政治的: seijiteki — Political, relating to politics or government
社会的: shakaiteki — Social, relating to society or community
そして: soshite — And then, furthermore, in addition
家庭的: kateiteki — Domestic, relating to home or family life
な: na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns
関係: kankei — Relationship, connection, association between things
において: ni oite — In, at, regarding; formal locative/contextual particle
平等: byōdō — Equality, equal treatment, fairness among people
で: de — Copula particle meaning 'being' or 'at/by'
ある: aru — To exist, to be (for inanimate things)
べき: beki — Should, ought to; expressing moral obligation
だ: da — Copula, plain form of 'to be'
学ん: manan — Learned, studied (conjunctive form of 学ぶ)
い: i — Auxiliary verb stem indicating ongoing state
た: ta — Past tense auxiliary verb marker
こと: koto — Thing, fact, matter; nominalizer for verbs
事実: jijitsu — Fact, truth, reality, actual occurrence
これ: kore — This, this thing (proximal demonstrative pronoun)
彼: kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun
すでに: sudeni — Already, by now, previously completed
父親: chichioya — Father, one's male parent
の: no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns
を: wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object
めぐって: megutte — Concerning, over, around (an issue or topic)
対立: tairitsu — Confrontation, conflict, opposition between parties
し: shi — Conjunctive form of する; and, moreover
て: te — Te-form connective particle linking verb clauses
論点: ronten — Point of argument, issue under discussion
あっ: a(tte) — There was/were (connective past form of ある)
しかし: shikashi — However, but, nevertheless, on the other hand
夫人: fujin — Madam, Mrs., a married woman of distinction
まさに: masani — Exactly, precisely, indeed, just as expected
この: kono — This (proximal demonstrative adjective modifying nouns)
について: ni tsuite — About, concerning, regarding a topic or subject
実際に: jissai ni — Actually, in practice, in reality, concretely
著述: chojutsu — Writing, authoring, literary composition or work
おり: ori — Humble/plain progressive auxiliary form of いる
隷属: reizoku — Subjugation, servitude, subordination to another
に対する: ni taisuru — Against, toward, in opposition to something
非難: hinan — Criticism, blame, condemnation, reproach
温かさ: atatakasa — Warmth, tenderness, compassionate feeling or quality
熱情: netsujō — Passion, fervor, intense emotional enthusiasm
立場: tachiba — Standpoint, position, one's stance on an issue
もたらす: motarasu — To bring about, cause, produce a result
現実的: genjitsuteki — Realistic, practical, grounded in actual reality
不利益: furieki — Disadvantage, detriment, loss, unfavorable condition
妻: tsuma — Wife, one's own spouse (female)
見解: kenkai — View, opinion, perspective on a matter
から: kara — From, because; particle indicating origin or cause
明らか: akiraka — Clear, obvious, evident, apparent to all
受け取っ: uketot(te) — Received, accepted (conjunctive form of 受け取る)
もの: mono — Thing, object; nominalizer conveying explanation or emotion
年: nen — Year; counter for years in Japanese
十九: jūku — Nineteen, the number 19
世紀: seiki — Century, a period of one hundred years
も: mo — Also, even, too; emphatic or additive particle
半ば: nakaba — Middle, halfway point, midway through a period
過ぎ: sugi — Past, after, exceeding a point in time
頃: koro — Around, about (a time), approximately when
出版: shuppan — Publication, publishing of a book or work
れ: re — Passive auxiliary verb form indicating something done
その: sono — That, its (medial demonstrative modifying nouns)
全般的: zenpanteki — General, overall, comprehensive, applying broadly
精神: seishin — Spirit, mind, mentality, intellectual essence
いくつか: ikutsuka — Some, several, a few of various things
特定: tokutei — Specific, particular, identifying a definite item
傾向: keikō — Tendency, trend, inclination toward something
誕生: tanjō — Birth, origin, creation of something new
見: mi — See, look; stem form of 見る
より: yori — Than, from; comparative or origin particle
むしろ: mushiro — Rather, more precisely, preferably instead
十八: jūhachi — Eighteen, the number 18
属し: zokushi — Belonging to, affiliated with (conjunctive form)
いる: iru — To be, to exist (animate beings, ongoing state)
多く: ōku — Many, much, a large number or amount
思索: shisaku — Contemplation, deep thinking, philosophical reflection
初期: shoki — Early period, initial stage, beginning phase
イギリス: Igirisu — Britain, the United Kingdom, England
学派: gakuha — School of thought, academic faction or tradition
学説: gakusetsu — Theory, doctrine, academic proposition or teaching
氏: shi — Mr., a respectful title for an adult person
名: na / mei — Name, fame; counter for people
結びつい: musubitsui — Connected, linked, tied together (conjunctive form)
間: aida / ma — Between, interval, space or period in between
つなぐ: tsunagu — To connect, link, tie together two things
一種: isshu — A kind of, a sort of, a type
形成: keisei — Formation, shaping, building up of something
たとえば: tatoeba — For example, for instance, such as
論理学: ronrigaku — Logic, the academic study of reasoning
諸: sho — Various, many, all (prefix for plural nouns)
理論: riron — Theory, theoretical framework or systematic explanation
前進: zenshin — Advance, progress, moving forward
示し: shimeshi — Shown, indicated (conjunctive form of 示す)
それ: sore — That, it (medial demonstrative pronoun)
でも: demo — Even so, but, however, nevertheless
科学: kagaku — Science, natural science, scientific study
勝利: shōri — Victory, triumph, winning a contest or debate
思想家: shisōka — Thinker, intellectual, philosopher, ideologist
結論: ketsuron — Conclusion, final judgment or determination
いかに: ikani — How, to what extent, in what manner
深く: fukaku — Deeply, profoundly, to a great degree
修正: shūsei — Revision, correction, amendment, modification
する: suru — To do, to perform an action or activity
か: ka — Question particle; or; whether (sentence-ending)
ない: nai — Not, negation; does not exist or occur
同様: dōyō — Similarly, likewise, in the same way
経済学: keizaigaku — Economics, the academic study of economies
改良: kairyō — Improvement, reform, betterment of something existing
発展: hatten — Development, growth, expansion, advancement
せよ: seyo — Imperative form of する; let it be done
う: u — Volitional auxiliary expressing intention or conjecture
望み: nozomi — Wish, hope, desire for something to happen
ながら: nagara — While, even though; simultaneous action particle
主題: shudai — Theme, main subject, central topic of discussion
に関する: ni kansuru — Related to, concerning, about a subject
後世: kōsei — Posterity, future generations, later ages
とりわけ: toriwake — Especially, particularly, above all others
ドイツ: Doitsu — Germany, the German nation or language
社会学: shakaigaku — Sociology, the academic study of society
による: ni yoru — By means of, due to, according to
まで: made — Until, up to, as far as a point
到達: tōtatsu — Reaching, arriving at, attaining a destination or goal

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