On Liberty — Page 14

Vocabulary

이전에

ijeon-e — Before, previously, prior to a certain time

남녀는

namnyeo-neun — Men and women (topic marker attached)

법적

beopjeok — Legal, pertaining to law or legal matters

정치적

jeongchijeok — Political, relating to politics or governance

사회적

sahoejeok — Social, relating to society or social matters

가정적

gajeongjeok — Domestic, relating to home or family life

관계에서

gwangye-eseo — In a relationship or context; from within a connection

평등해야

pyeongdeunghaeya — Must be equal; ought to have equality

한다는

han-daneun — Quotative form of 'to do'; indicating reported speech

것을

geoseul — Thing, fact (object marker); nominalizer with object case

배웠던

baewotdeon — Had learned; past retrospective modifier of 'to learn'

것은

geoseun — The thing/fact (topic marker); nominalizer as topic

사실이다

sasil-ida — It is a fact; it is true or factual

이것은

igeoseun — This (topic marker); referring to something just mentioned

그가

geuga — He (subject marker); third-person masculine subject

이미

imi — Already, by now, previously having occurred

아버지의

abeoji-ui — Father's; possessive form indicating belonging to father

에세이와

esei-wa — Essay and; essay with connective particle attached

충돌했던

chungdolhaetdeon — Had clashed or conflicted; past retrospective of 'clash'

지점이었다

jijeom-i-eotda — Was the point or spot; indicates a specific juncture

그러나

geureona — However, but; conjunction indicating contrast or opposition

부인은

buin-eun — Mrs./Madam (topic marker); honorific title for a woman

바로

baro — Right, exactly, directly; immediately or precisely so

이

i — This; demonstrative adjective indicating something nearby

지점에

jijeom-e — At the point; locative marker on 'point' or 'spot'

대해

daehae — About, regarding, concerning a subject or topic

실제로

siljeero — Actually, in reality, in practice; truly or genuinely

글을

geul-eul — Writing, text (object marker); a piece of written work

썼으며

sseosseumyeo — Wrote and; past tense with connective continuative ending

여성의

yeoseong-ui — Women's, of women; possessive relating to female gender

예속에

yesok-e — In subjugation or subordination; state of being subjected

대한

daehan — Regarding, about, concerning; modifier form of 대하다

비난이

binan-i — Criticism, condemnation (subject marker); act of denouncing

지닌

jinин — Possessing, bearing; modifier form of 지니다 (to have)

따뜻함과

ttatteutham-gwa — Warmth and; noun form of warm with connective particle

열정은

yeoljeong-eun — Passion, enthusiasm (topic marker); fervent feeling

여성적

yeoseongjeok — Feminine, womanly; relating to female characteristics

위치가

wichi-ga — Position, location (subject marker); one's social standing

수반하는

subanhaneun — Accompanying, entailing; that which comes along with

실질적인

siljiljeok-in — Practical, substantive; real and tangible in nature

불이익에

buri-ik-e — In disadvantage or detriment; at a disadvantage

그의

geu-ui — His; possessive form of third-person pronoun

아내의

anae-ui — Wife's; possessive form referring to one's wife

견해에서

gyeonhae-eseo — From the view or opinion; perspective as a source

분명히

bunmyeonghi — Clearly, obviously, evidently; without doubt

비롯된

birotdoen — Originating from, stemming from; derived or arising

것이었다

geosi-eotda — It was the thing/fact; past copula with nominalizer

19세기의

sipgu segi-ui — Of the 19th century; possessive relating to 1800s era

절반이

jeolban-i — Half (subject marker); one of two equal portions

지난

jinan — Past, elapsed; modifier indicating time that has passed

출판되었지만

chulpandoeeotjiman — Was published but; past passive with concessive ending

그

geu — Its, that, the; demonstrative or third-person modifier

전반적인

jeonbanjeok-in — Overall, general; pertaining to the whole or entirety

정신과

jeongsin-gwa — Spirit and, mind and; connective particle on 정신

몇

myeot — Several, a few; indefinite small number

가지

gaji — Kind, sort, type; used to count varieties or aspects

특수한

teuksu한 — Special, particular, specific; uncommon or distinctive

경향에서

gyeonghyang-eseo — In tendency, from a tendency; inclination as source

작은

jageun — Small, little; modifier indicating small size or scale

논문은

nonmun-eun — Treatise/essay (topic marker); academic paper or tract

그것이

geugeosi — It (subject marker); that thing as grammatical subject

탄생한

tansaenghan — Was born, originated; modifier of 탄생하다 (to be born)

세기의

segi-ui — Of the century; possessive relating to a century

관점보다는

gwanjeom-bodaneun — Rather than the viewpoint; comparative contrast particle

오히려

ohiryeo — Rather, on the contrary; suggesting an opposite outcome

관점에

gwanjeom-e — In/to the viewpoint; locative marker on perspective

속한다

sokanda — Belongs to, falls within; present tense of 속하다

많은

maneun — Many, numerous; modifier indicating large quantity

사색에서

sасек-eseo — In reflection or contemplation; from philosophical thought

초기

chogi — Early period, initial stage; early phase of something

영국

yeong-guk — England, Britain; the United Kingdom country name

경험주의

gyeongheonjuui — Empiricism; philosophical doctrine based on experience

학파의

hakpa-ui — Of the school of thought; possessive for academic faction

교의와

gyoui-wa — Doctrine and; tenet or dogma with connective particle

이름과

ireum-gwa — Name and; person's name with connective particle

결부된

gyeolbudoen — Associated with, linked to; connected or tied together

교의

gyoui — Doctrine, tenet; established principle or dogma

사이를

sai-reul — Between (object marker); gap or interval between things

잇는

inneun — Connecting, linking; present modifier of 잇다 (to connect)

일종의

iljong-ui — A kind of, a sort of; indicating a type or category

연결

yeon-gyeol — Connection, link; the act of connecting two things

고리를

gori-reul — Ring, link (object marker); a loop connecting two parts

형성한다

hyeongseong-handa — Forms, constitutes; present tense of 형성하다 (to form)

예를

ye-reul — Example (object marker); used in 예를 들어 (for example)

들어

deureo — Taking up; used in 예를 들어 meaning 'for example'

그는

geuneun — He (topic marker); third-person subject as discourse topic

이론에

iron-e — In/to the theory; locative marker on a theoretical idea

진전을

jinjeon-eul — Progress, advancement (object marker); forward development

보여주지만

boyeojujiman — Shows but; demonstrates yet with concessive ending

과학의

gwahak-ui — Of science; possessive relating to scientific knowledge

승리가

seungni-ga — Victory, triumph (subject marker); winning or success

사상가의

sasangga-ui — Of the thinker; possessive for a philosopher or intellectual

결론을

gyeollron-eul — Conclusion (object marker); final judgment or finding

얼마나

eolmana — How much, to what extent; interrogative of degree

심오하게

simohage — Profoundly, deeply; in a deep or profound manner

변형시키는지를

byeonhyeongsikineunjireul — The extent to which it transforms; transforms object marker

파악하지는

paakahajiineun — Does not grasp; topic-marked negative of 파악하다

못한다

motanda — Cannot do; expresses inability in present tense

마찬가지로

machangajiro — Similarly, likewise; in the same way as before

개선하고

gaeseonhago — Improving and; gerundive connective of 개선하다 (improve)

확장하고자

hwagjanghagonja — Intending to expand; purposive form of 확장하다 (expand)

하지만

hajiman — But, however; concessive conjunction indicating contrast

주제에

juje-e — On the subject; locative marker on a topic or theme

관한

gwanhan — Regarding, about; modifier form of 관하다 (to concern)

일부

ilbu — Some, a part of; a portion or subset of a whole

후기의

hugi-ui — Of later period; possessive relating to a later stage

특히

teuki — Especially, particularly; used to single out something

독일의

dogil-ui — Germany's, German; possessive relating to Germany

사변들이

sabyeondeur-i — Speculations (subject marker); theoretical or abstract musings

제시하는

jesihaneun — Presenting, suggesting; modifier of 제시하다 (to present)

사회학에

sahoeha-ge — In sociology; locative marker on the field of sociology

의한

uihan — By means of, due to; modifier form of 의하다

정치경제학의

jeongchigyeongjehak-ui — Of political economy; possessive for the academic discipline

변형만큼

byeonhyeong-mankeum — As much as the transformation; comparative degree of change

멀리

meolli — Far, distantly; to a great distance or extent

나아가지는

naagajineun — Does not advance; topic-marked negative of 나아가다