On Liberty — Page 3

Vocabulary

ထိုအချိန်

hto a-chain — at that time, during that period

တလျှောက်လုံး

ta-lhout-lone — throughout, all along, the entire duration

သူသည်

thu-thì — he/she is, subject pronoun with topic marker

တဆင့်ချင်း

ta-zin-jin — step by step, gradually, one stage at a time

တက်လှမ်းနေစဉ်

tet-hlan-nè-zin — while advancing, during the period of climbing

သူ၏

thu-yì — his, her, possessive pronoun form

ပိုမိုကြီးမားသော

po-mo-ji-ma-dho — greater, larger, more significant in scale

လက်ရာများအတွက်

let-ya-mya a-twet — for the works, intended for the pieces

လေ့လာ

leh-la — to study, learn, investigate a subject

ပြင်ဆင်မှုများတွင်

pyin-zin-hmu-mya-dwin — in the preparations, within the arrangements made

နှပ်မြုပ်နေခဲ့သည်။

hnap-myup-nè-geh-thì — was immersed in, deeply absorbed in something

မဖြေရှင်းရသေးသော

ma-pyè-shin-ya-thè-dho — not yet resolved, still unanswered or unsettled

မေးခွန်းများဆိုင်ရာ

mè-khwun-mya-saing-ya — concerning questions, related to inquiries

စာတမ်းများ

sa-dan-mya — papers, essays, written documents or treatises

ကို

ko — object marker, directional particle in Burmese

ခုနှစ်တွင်

khu-hnit-dwin — in the year, during that particular year

ရေးသားခဲ့သော်လည်း

yè-tha-geh-dho-lè — although written, despite having been authored

နှစ်ပေါင်း

hnit-paung — total years, combined number of years

တဆယ်သုံးနှစ်

ta-zeh-thone-hnit — thirteen years, a span of thirteen years

အကြာမှသာ

a-ja-hma-tha — only after, not until a certain time passed

ထုတ်ဝေခဲ့သည်။

htoat-wè-geh-thì — was published, released to the public

သည်

thì — topic or subject marker particle in Burmese

ထိုအချိန်ကပင်

hto-a-chain-ga-bin — from that very time, since that moment itself

ဦးနှောက်တွင်

oo-hnout-dwin — in the mind, within the brain or intellect

ပုံသွင်းနေပြီ

pone-thwin-nè-bi — already being formed, taking shape in mind

ဖြစ်ကာ

pyit-ga — being so, having become, transitional linking phrase

ပြီးစီးရန်

pyi-zi-yan — in order to complete, so as to finish

ကြာမြင့်ခဲ့ပြီး

ja-myit-geh-bi — took a long time, having lasted a duration

ထက်

htet — than, comparative particle used in comparisons

အမှန်တကယ်ပင်

a-hmun-ta-geh-bin — truly, in fact, genuinely and actually so

ကြိုတင်

jo-tin — in advance, beforehand, prior to an event

အကြောင်း

a-jaung — about, concerning, regarding a particular subject

ဆောင်းပါး

saung-ba — article, essay published in a journal or paper

တစ်ပုဒ်

tit-pout — one piece, a single article or composition

ထွက်ပေါ်လာခဲ့ပြီး

htwet-paw-la-geh-bi — appeared, came out, emerged and was published

၎င်း

di-gin — it, that, referring back to previously mentioned subject

ဆောင်းပါးသည်

saung-ba-thì — the article, referring to the mentioned essay

ဆွေးနွေး

zwè-nwè — to discuss, converse, engage in debate

ငြင်းခုံမှုများ

nyin-khone-hmu-mya — debates, arguments, controversies among people

ဖြစ်ပေါ်စေမည်ဟု

pyit-paw-zè-mì-ho — that it would cause, expecting it to generate

ရေးသားသူက

yè-tha-thu-ga — the author, the person who wrote it

မျှော်လင့်ခဲ့သော်လည်း

myaw-lin-geh-dho-lè — although hoped, despite having expected something

သူ

thu — he, she, third-person pronoun in Burmese

မျှော်မှန်းသည့်

myaw-hman-thì — that which was anticipated, hoped-for outcome

လှုပ်ချောင်မှုကို

hlyut-chaung-hmu-go — the stir, the commotion or public agitation

ဖြစ်ပေါ်စေနိုင်ခြင်း

pyit-paw-zè-naing-jin — ability to cause, capacity to bring about

မရှိခဲ့ပေ။

ma-shi-geh-bè — did not exist, there was none at all

နောက်နှစ်တွင်

nout-hnit-dwin — in the following year, during the next year

အလုပ်သမားများ၏

a-loat-tha-ma-mya-yì — of the workers, belonging to the laborers

တောင်းဆိုချက်များ

taung-zo-chet-mya — demands, requests, claims put forward by workers

နှင့်

hnin — and, with, conjunction connecting words or phrases

တို့

do — plural marker, indicating multiple persons or things

ထွက်ပေါ်လာပြီး

htwet-paw-la-bi — appeared and, came out and then continued

သတင်းစာ၌

tha-din-za-hnit — in the newspaper, published within a news journal

အိုင်ယာလန်

aing-ya-lan — Ireland, the island nation in northwestern Europe

ရေးရာများ

yè-ya-mya — affairs, matters, issues relating to a topic

ဆိုင်ရာ

saing-ya — pertaining to, relating to, concerning a subject

ဆောင်းပါးများ

saung-ba-mya — articles, multiple essays or written pieces

ပါဝင်ခဲ့သည်။

pa-win-geh-thì — was included, participated, appeared within something

ထိုနှစ်များသည်

hto-hnit-mya-thì — those years, referring to that period of time

မိတ်ဆွေရေး

meit-zwè-yè — friendship, matters of personal friendship or relations

စာပေ

sa-pè — literature, written works and literary arts

ဆက်သွယ်ရေး

set-thwè-yè — communication, correspondence, maintaining contact

တို့၏

do-yì — of them, possessive form of plural pronoun

လွှမ်းမိုးမှုကို

hlwan-mo-hmu-go — the influence, the dominant effect on someone

အလွန်

a-lwan — very, extremely, to a great degree

ခံခဲ့ရပြီး

khan-geh-ya-bi — having received, having been subjected to influence

၎င်းသည်

di-gin-thì — it was, he/she was, referring to mentioned subject

စိတ်သဘောထား

seit-tha-baw-hta — attitude, disposition, mindset, personal temperament

ချင်း

jin — mutual particle, indicating shared or reciprocal qualities

လုံးဝ

lone-wa — completely, entirely, absolutely different or opposite

ကွဲပြားသော

kwè-pya-dho — different, distinct, divergent from one another

သူများကြား

thu-mya-ja — among people, between those individuals involved

ထူးဆန်းသော

htu-zan-dho — unusual, remarkable, strange in a notable way

ရင်းနှီး

yin-hni — intimate, close, familiar with one another

ဖော်ရွေမှု

phaw-ywè-hmu — friendliness, warmth, amiable social connection

တစ်ရပ်

tit-yat — one instance, a certain kind or type of thing

ဖြစ်ခဲ့သည်။

pyit-geh-thì — it was, it became, it occurred or happened

ထုတ်ဝေခဲ့ပြီး

htoat-wè-geh-bi — having published, after releasing a work publicly

၎င်းအတွက်

di-gin-a-twet — for it, in preparation for that particular work

ပြီးစီးချိန်မှ

pyi-zi-chain-hma — from the time of completion, after finishing it

စ၍

sa-ywè — starting from, beginning with, since a point

အလေးအနက်

a-lè-a-net — seriously, with great seriousness or gravity

လေ့လာမှုများ

leh-la-hmu-mya — studies, acts of learning or scholarly inquiry

ပြုလုပ်ခဲ့သည်။

pyu-loat-geh-thì — carried out, performed, undertook an activity

သုံးသပ်ချက်များသည်

thone-thut-chet-mya-thì — the reviews, those critical assessments or critiques

အလုပ်

a-loat — work, labor, task or job to be done

များစွာ

mya-zwa — many, a great deal, a large amount of

ပါဝင်သော်လည်း

pa-win-dho-lè — although involving, despite including much work

ဥပမာ

u-pa-ma — for example, for instance, as an illustration

အားဖြင့်

a-pyín — by means of, through, by way of something

၏

yì — possessive particle, indicating belonging or association

ဂရိ

ga-yi — Greek, relating to ancient or modern Greece

သုံးသပ်မည်မှီ

thone-thut-mì-hmi — before reviewing, prior to writing the critique

မူရင်းဘာသာဖြင့်

mu-yin-ba-tha-pyín — in the original language, using the source text

တို့ကို

do-go — them, object marker applied to plural subjects

ပြန်လည်

pyan-lè — again, re-, doing something once more anew

ဖတ်ရှုခြင်း

phat-shu-jin — reading, the act of reading a text

ကဲ့သို့ပင်

keh-dho-bin — just as, in the same way as something

ဤ

i — this, demonstrative pronoun for nearby reference

ပညာသားကြီး

pyin-nya-tha-ji — serious scholarly work, highly intellectual endeavor

အတွက်

a-twet — for, for the purpose of, on behalf of

နားဖြေမှု

na-pyè-hmu — relaxation, rest, recreation as mental relief

အိန္ဒိယ

ein-di-ya — India, the South Asian country

ဟောင်းတွင်

haung-dwin — in the old, within the former or old institution

ဌာနမှူး

hta-na-hmu — department head, chief of a section or division

အဖြစ်

a-pyit — as, in the capacity of, in the role of

တာဝန်

ta-wan — duty, responsibility, official obligation or role

ထမ်းဆောင်ခဲ့ပြီး

htan-zaung-geh-bi — having served, having carried out duties and then

နောက်ထပ်

nout-htat — additionally, another, further beyond what existed

နှစ်နှစ်

hnit-hnit — two years, a period of two years

ကြာသောအခါ

ja-dho-a-kha — when a time had passed, after a duration elapsed

အိန္ဒိယကို

ein-di-ya-go — India (as object), regarding India as destination

လွှဲပြောင်းခြင်း

hlwè-pyaung-jin — transfer, handover of control or responsibility

ကြောင့်

jaung — because of, due to, as a result of

တရားဝင်

ta-ya-win — official, formal, legally recognized or legitimate

တာဝန်များ

ta-wan-mya — duties, responsibilities, multiple official obligations

ပြီးဆုံးသွားခဲ့သည်။

pyi-zone-thwa-geh-thì — came to an end, concluded, were finally finished

ထိုနှစ်တွင်ပင်

hto-hnit-dwin-bin — in that very same year, during that exact year

ဇနီးသည်

za-ni-thì — wife, one's spouse, the married female partner

ကွယ်လွန်ခဲ့သည်။

kwè-lwan-geh-thì — passed away, died, departed from this life