On Liberty — Page 8

Vocabulary

သည်

thì — Topic or subject marker particle in Burmese

သူ၏

thu yì — His; possessive pronoun referring to a male

တွင်

twìn — Locative particle meaning 'in' or 'at'

မိမိ

mèmè — Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself' or 'own'

တာဝန်ရှိသော

tàwùn ші thaw — Responsible; having duty or obligation

ဘေး

bé — Danger, side, or harmful situation nearby

အန္တရာယ်

àndayè — Danger, risk, or threat to safety

အတွက်

àtwèt — For the sake of; regarding; because of

သိသာ

thìthà — Noticeable, obvious, or clearly apparent

ထင်ရှားသော

htìn shà thaw — Prominent, notable, or clearly evident

လျော်ကြေး

lyaw kjé — Compensation, indemnity, or reparation payment

ပေးချေမှု

pé tɕʰé hmù — Act of making a payment or settlement

တစ်ခုကို

tìkʰù gò — Object marker: 'one (thing)' as direct object

ပြုလုပ်

pjù loʊt — To do, make, or carry out an action

ခဲ့ကြောင်း

kʰɛ̀ gjàʊɴ — Reported past tense complementizer; indicates reported action

ဖော်ပြ

pʰaw pja — To indicate, show, or express clearly

ထားသည်

tʰà thì — Resultative verb; to have placed or kept

ထိုသည်မှာ

htò thì hmà — That is; referring to a previously mentioned thing

နစ်နာသော

nɪʔnà thaw — Aggrieved, suffering loss, or wronged person

စာရေးသူကို

sà yé thu gò — The writer; author as direct object

ကမ်းလှမ်း

káɴ lʰáɴ — To offer or extend an offer to someone

ခဲ့သည့်

kʰɛ̀ thɪ̰ — Past tense relative clause marker particle

၏

yì — Possessive or genitive particle; 'of' or ''s'

တစ်ဝက်ကို

tɪʔwɛʔ gò — Half of something; one half as object

လက်ခံရန်

lɛʔkʰáɴ yaɴ — In order to accept or receive something

တိုက်တွန်း

táɪʔ twáɴ — To urge, encourage, or press someone strongly

ခြင်းဖြင့်

tɕʰìɴ pʰjɪ̰ɴ — By means of; through the act of doing

ဖြစ်သည်

pʰjɪʔ thì — To be; is/are; existential or equative verb

ကျွန်ုပ်

tɕənòʊʔ — Formal first-person pronoun; 'I' or 'me'

ပြောခဲ့သည့်

pjaw kʰɛ̀ thɪ̰ — Relative clause: 'which was said' or 'as mentioned'

အတိုင်း

àtáɪɴ — According to; in the manner of; as stated

ခင်ပွန်းသည်နှင့်

kʰɪɴ bwáɴ thì nɪ̰ɴ — With one's husband; spouse conjunction phrase

ပျော်ရွှင်ဖွယ်သော

pjaw ʃʷɪɴ pʰwɛ̀ thaw — Happy, joyful, or pleasurable in nature

တွဲဖက်

twɛ̀ pʰɛʔ — Together with; in partnership or companionship

နေထိုင်မှု

nè tʰáɪɴ hmù — Living together; act of residing or cohabiting

နှစ်

nɪʔ — Year; also used as a counting unit

ခုနစ်

kʰʊɴ nɪʔ — The number seven

ပြည့်

pjɪ̰ — Full, complete, or reaching a whole amount

ပြီးနောက်

pjí nàʊʔ — After completing; subsequent to an event

ခုနှစ်

kʰʊɴ nɪʔ — Year (formal counter used with years)

ကွယ်လွန်

kwɛ̀ lwáɴ — To pass away; to die (respectful term)

ခဲ့ပြီး

kʰɛ̀ pjí — Past tense sequential; 'having done and then...'

မြုပ်နှံ

mjòʊʔ nʰáɴ — To bury; to inter a body in the ground

ခြင်း

tɕʰìɴ — Nominalizer suffix turning verbs into nouns

ခံခဲ့ရ

kʰáɴ kʰɛ̀ ya — To have undergone or received something (passive)

က

gà — Subject or agent marker particle in Burmese

သူမ၏

thu mà yì — Her; possessive pronoun for a female

သင်္ချိုင်း

thɪɴtɕʰáɪɴ — Tombstone, gravestone, or cemetery marker inscription

ရေးထိုး

yé tʰó — To inscribe, engrave, or write on a surface

ခဲ့သော

kʰɛ̀ thaw — Past tense relative clause marker; 'which was done'

ချန်လှပ်

tɕʰáɴ lʰaʔ — To omit, leave out, or skip something

ထားရန်

tʰà yaɴ — In order to keep, leave, or set aside

မဖြစ်နိုင်

mà pʰjɪʔ náɪɴ — Impossible; cannot happen or be done

လောက်အောင်

làʊʔ àʊɴ — Enough to; to the extent of something

ထူးခြားသော

tʰú tɕʰà thaw — Extraordinary, exceptional, or distinctly remarkable

စာသား

sà thá — Text, wording, or written passage of content

ကြီးမြတ်

tɕí mjàʔ — Great, noble, or highly esteemed in character

ပြီး

pjí — Completion marker; 'and then' or 'having done'

ချစ်ခင်

tɕʰɪʔ kʰɪɴ — Loving, affectionate, or fondly caring toward others

နွေးထွေးသော

nwé twé thaw — Warm, tender, or emotionally comforting in nature

နှလုံးသား

nʰà lóʊɴ thá — Heart; inner feelings or emotional core

မြင့်မြတ်သော

mjɪ̰ɴ mjàʔ thaw — Noble, lofty, or morally elevated in character

ဝိညာဉ်

wɪɴ nyàɴ — Spirit, soul, or inner spiritual essence

ရှင်းလင်း

ʃɪɴ lɪɴ — Clear, lucid, or easy to understand

ထက်မြက်

tʰɛʔ mjɛʔ — Sharp, keen, or intellectually acute and brilliant

မူရင်းဆန်

mù yɪɴ sʰáɴ — Original, authentic, or having an innovative character

ကာ

gà — Connective particle meaning 'while' or 'and'

ကျယ်ပြန့်သော

tɕɛ̀ pjáɴ thaw — Broad, wide-ranging, or extensive in scope

ဉာဏ်ရည်

nyàɴ yè — Intelligence, intellect, or mental capacity

သူမကို

thu mà gò — Her; female third-person pronoun as object

လမ်းညွှန်မှု

láɴ ɲʷʰáɴ hmù — Guidance, direction, or act of guiding someone

နှင့်

nɪ̰ɴ — Conjunction meaning 'and' or 'with'

အားကိုးမှု

á gó hmù — Reliance, dependence, or trust placed in someone

တစ်ခု

tɪʔ kʰù — One (thing); a single item or instance

ပညာဥာဏ်

pjìɴɲà nyàɴ — Wisdom and knowledge combined; intellectual learning

ဆိုင်ရာ

sʰáɪɴ yà — Pertaining to; related to a specific subject

ဆရာ

sʰàyà — Teacher, master, or respected mentor figure

ကောင်းမြတ်မှု

káʊɴ mjàʔ hmù — Goodness, virtue, or moral excellence

ပုံသေ

pòʊɴ thé — Fixed, permanent, or standard model or template

နမူနာ

nàmùnà — Example, model, or specimen to be followed

ဖြစ်စေ

pʰjɪʔ sé — To cause to be; to make something happen

ခဲ့သည်

kʰɛ̀ thì — Past tense verb ending; 'did' or 'has done'

အမှန်ပင်

àmʰáɴ pɪɴ — Truly, indeed, or in fact; emphatic truth marker

သူမသည်

thu mà thì — She (as topic); female subject topic marker

သူမနှင့်

thu mà nɪ̰ɴ — With her; in connection with that female person

ပတ်သက်ရသော

paʔ thɛʔ ya thaw — Related to, connected with, or involved with

ကံကောင်း

káɴ káʊɴ — Lucky, fortunate, or blessed with good fortune

သူများ၏

thu mjá yì — Of those people; possessive for plural persons

တစ်ခုတည်းသော

tɪʔ kʰù tɛ̰ thaw — The only one; sole or single existing thing

လောကီ

lɔ̀gì — Worldly, secular, or relating to material existence

ပျော်ရွှင်မှု

pjaw ʃʷɪɴ hmù — Happiness, joy, or state of being cheerful

ဖြစ်ခဲ့သည်

pʰjɪʔ kʰɛ̀ thì — Was; became; occurred in the past

မိမိကို

mèmè gò — Oneself as object; reflexive pronoun object form

ဝိုင်းရံ

wáɪɴ yáɴ — To surround, encircle, or support around someone

သူ

thu — He, him; third-person singular male pronoun

အားလုံး

á lóʊɴ — Everyone, everything, or all without exception

ဆန်းကြယ်စွာ

sáɴ tɕʷɛ̀ swà — Wonderfully, remarkably, or in an amazing manner

ကြင်နာ

tɕɪɴ nà — To be compassionate, tender, or affectionately caring

သနားသ

thànà thà — Compassionate, merciful; feeling pity for others

ကဲ့သို့

kɛ̰ thó — Like, similar to, or in the manner of

ပြည်သူ့

pjì thu — Of the people; public or citizens (possessive)

အကျိုး

àtɕó — Benefit, advantage, or good result for someone

စီးပွား

sí bwá — Prosperity, welfare, or flourishing condition of life

အတွက်လည်း

àtwèt lɛ̰ — Also for the sake of; also regarding something

ကြိုးစား

tɕó sá — To strive, try hard, or make an effort

အားထုတ်

á tʰoʊʔ — To exert effort or energy; to endeavor earnestly

လွှမ်းမိုးမှု

lʰwáɴ mó hmù — Influence, dominance, or far-reaching impact on others

ထို

htò — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something mentioned

ခေတ်၏

kʰɛʔ yì — Of the era; of the time or age (possessive)

ကြီးမားသော

tɕí má thaw — Great, large, or significant in scale or importance

တိုးတက်မှု

tó tɛʔ hmù — Progress, advancement, or development in any field

များစွာ

mjá swà — Many, a great deal, or a large amount

ခံစား

kʰáɴ sá — To feel, experience, or undergo an emotion

နိုင်ခဲ့ပြီး

náɪɴ kʰɛ̀ pjí — Was able to; managed to do and then...

နောင်

náʊɴ — Future; hereafter, or in times to come

လာမည့်

là mɪ̰ — Future relative clause; 'which will come'

ကာလများ

gàlà mjá — Periods, eras, or stretches of time (plural)

တွင်လည်း

twìɴ lɛ̰ — Also in; in that place or time as well

ဆက်လက်

sɛʔ lɛʔ — To continue, proceed, or carry on doing something

ခံစားရ

kʰáɴ sá ya — To receive or experience a feeling or sensation

မည်

mɪ̰ — Future tense marker or modal particle in Burmese

သူမ

thu mà — She, her; third-person singular female pronoun

ရှိသူ

ʃì thu — One who exists; a person who is present

အနည်းငယ်

ànɪ́ ŋɛ̀ — A few, a little, or a small amount

မျှသာ

mjà thà — Only, merely, or just that amount nothing more

ရှိပါမူ

ʃì bà mù — Conditional: 'if there were' or 'should there be'

ဤ

ì — This; near demonstrative pronoun in formal writing

ကမ္ဘာမြေ

kàmbà mjè — The earth, world, or ground of the planet

မျှော်မှန်း

mjaw máɴ — To aspire to, hope for, or anticipate something

ထားသော

tʰà thaw — Relative clause: 'which has been kept or placed'

နိဒါန်း

nɪ̀dáɴ — Introduction, prelude, or opening of a text

ဖြစ်လာ

pʰjɪʔ là — To become, to come to be, or to arise

နှင့်ပြီ

nɪ̰ɴ pjí — And already; completion with conjunction particle

ဖြစ်မည်

pʰjɪʔ mɪ̰ — Will be; future tense of the verb 'to be'

စာကြောင်းများ

sà tɕáʊɴ mjá — Lines of text, sentences, or written passages (plural)

ခံစားချက်၏

kʰáɴ sá tɕɛʔ yì — Of the feeling; possessive of emotional experience

ပြင်းထန်မှုကို

pjɪ̰ɴ tʰáɴ hmù gò — The intensity or strength of something as object

သက်သေ

tʰɛʔ thé — Evidence, proof, or witness to something

ပြသည်

pja thì — To show, demonstrate, or display something clearly

၎င်းသည်

dìɴ thì — It is; that aforementioned thing as topic

များပြားသော

mjá bjá thaw — Numerous, abundant, or existing in large quantities

စကားလုံးများကို

sàgá lóʊɴ mjá gò — Words (plural) as direct object in sentence

မကြောက်

mà tɕáʊʔ — Not afraid; unafraid or without fear

ချင်ချင်

tɕʰɪɴ tɕʰɪɴ — Desiringly; with intention or willingness to do

သို့သော်

thó thaw — However, but, or nevertheless; concessive conjunction

၎င်းတို့

dìɴ tó — They, those; third-person plural referring to things/people

သူသည်

thu thì — He (as topic); male subject with topic marker

အခြားသူများ

àtɕʰá thu mjá — Other people; other persons besides oneself

အပေါ်

àpaw — On, upon, or toward; directional postposition

သက်ရောက်မှု

tʰɛʔ yàʊʔ hmù — Effect, impact, or influence upon someone or something

မည်သို့

mɪ̰ thó — How; in what manner (interrogative or indirect)

ဖြစ်မည်ကို

pʰjɪʔ mɪ̰ gò — What will happen; future outcome as object

မျှော်ဆင်

mjaw sʰɪɴ — To anticipate, foresee, or consider what may happen

ခြင်ဆင်ခြင်

tɕʰɪɴ sʰɪɴ tɕʰɪɴ — To reflect, deliberate, or think carefully about something

ရန်

yaɴ — Purpose marker; in order to; so as to

မစွမ်းနိုင်

mà swáɴ náɪɴ — Unable to; lacking capacity or power to do