On Liberty — Page 3

English → Pt Preface Level 9/10

And all the while he was engaged in studying and preparing for his more ambitious works, while he rose step by step at the India Office.

E durante todo esse tempo ele estava ocupado estudando e se preparando para suas obras mais ambiciosas, enquanto subia passo a passo no Escritório da Índia.

His _Essays on Unsettled Questions in Political Economy_ were written in 1831, although they did not appear until thirteen years later.

Seus _Ensaios sobre Questões não Resolvidas em Economia Política_ foram escritos em 1831, embora não tenham sido publicados até treze anos mais tarde.

His _System of Logic_, the design of which was even then fashioning itself in his brain, took thirteen years to complete, and was actually published before the _Political Economy_.

Seu _Sistema de Lógica_, cujo projeto já se moldava então em sua mente, levou treze anos para ser concluído, e foi publicado antes mesmo da _Economia Política_.

In 1844 appeared the article on Michelet, which its author anticipated would cause some discussion, but which did not create the sensation he expected.

Em 1844 apareceu o artigo sobre Michelet, que seu autor previa que causaria alguma discussão, mas que não criou a sensação que ele esperava.

Next year there were the "Claims of Labour" and "Guizot," and in 1847 his articles on Irish affairs in the _Morning Chronicle_.

No ano seguinte vieram os artigos "Reivindicações do Trabalho" e "Guizot", e em 1847 seus artigos sobre assuntos irlandeses no _Morning Chronicle_.

These years were very much influenced by his friendship and correspondence with Comte, a curious comradeship between men of such different temperament.

Esses anos foram muito influenciados por sua amizade e correspondência com Comte, uma curiosa camaradagem entre homens de temperamentos tão diferentes.

In 1848 Mill published his _Political Economy_, to which he had given his serious study since the completion of his _Logic_.

Em 1848 Mill publicou sua _Economia Política_, à qual havia dedicado seu estudo sério desde a conclusão de sua _Lógica_.

His articles and reviews, though they involved a good deal of work--as, for instance, the re-perusal of the _Iliad_ and the _Odyssey_ in the original before reviewing Grote's _Greece_--were recreation to the student.

Seus artigos e resenhas, embora envolvessem bastante trabalho — como, por exemplo, a releitura da _Ilíada_ e da _Odisseia_ no original antes de resenhar a _Grécia_ de Grote — eram uma recreação para o estudioso.

The year 1856 saw him head of the Examiners' Office in the India House, and another two years brought the end of his official work, owing to the transfer of India to the Crown.

O ano de 1856 o viu como chefe do Escritório dos Examinadores na Casa da Índia, e mais dois anos trouxeram o fim de seu trabalho oficial, devido à transferência da Índia para a Coroa.

In the same year his wife died.

No mesmo ano, sua esposa faleceu.

Vocabulary

durante: During; throughout a period of time.
todo: All, every, or entire; referring to totality.
esse: That; demonstrative pronoun or adjective near listener.
tempo: Time; also weather depending on context.
ele: He; third person singular masculine pronoun.
estava: Was; imperfect tense of 'estar', indicating ongoing state.
ocupado: Busy or occupied; engaged in an activity.
estudando: Studying; present participle of 'estudar'.
se: Reflexive pronoun; also means 'if' in some contexts.
preparando: Preparing; present participle of 'preparar'.
para: For or to; common preposition indicating purpose or direction.
suas: His, her, or their; feminine plural possessive pronoun.
obras: Works or literary/artistic productions; plural of 'obra'.
mais: More; comparative adverb indicating greater degree.
ambiciosas: Ambitious; feminine plural adjective describing grand aspirations.
enquanto: While or whereas; conjunction indicating simultaneous actions.
subia: Was rising or climbing; imperfect tense of 'subir'.
passo: Step or pace; movement forward incrementally.
no: In the; contraction of 'em' and 'o'.
Escritório: Office; a place where administrative work is done.
Índia: India; the South Asian country.
Seus: His, her, or their; masculine plural possessive pronoun.
_Ensaios: Essays; plural of 'ensaio', analytical written compositions.
sobre: About or on; preposition indicating subject or topic.
Questões: Questions or issues; plural of 'questão'.
não: No or not; basic negation word in Portuguese.
Resolvidas: Resolved or solved; feminine plural past participle of 'resolver'.
em: In or at; common preposition of location or time.
Economia: Economics or economy; study of production and resources.
Política_: Political; adjective relating to politics or governance.
foram: Were; third person plural preterite of 'ser' or 'ir'.
escritos: Written; masculine plural past participle of 'escrever'.
embora: Although or even though; concessive conjunction.
tenham: Have; third person plural present subjunctive of 'ter'.
sido: Been; past participle of 'ser', used in compound tenses.
publicados: Published; masculine plural past participle of 'publicar'.
até: Until or even; preposition or adverb indicating limit.
treze: Thirteen; the cardinal number 13.
anos: Years; plural of 'ano', a unit of time.
tarde: Late or afternoon; can indicate delay or time of day.
Seu: His, her, or your; masculine singular possessive pronoun.
_Sistema: System; an organized set of principles or methods.
Lógica_: Logic; the study of valid reasoning and argumentation.
cujo: Whose; relative possessive pronoun linking clauses.
projeto: Project or plan; an organized undertaking or scheme.
já: Already or now; adverb indicating prior or immediate action.
moldava: Was shaping or molding; imperfect tense of 'moldar'.
então: Then or so; temporal adverb or discourse connector.
sua: His, her, or your; feminine singular possessive pronoun.
mente: Mind; the cognitive faculty of thought and intellect.
levou: Took or led; third person singular preterite of 'levar'.
ser: To be; fundamental Portuguese infinitive verb.
concluído: Concluded or completed; past participle of 'concluir'.
foi: Was or went; preterite of 'ser' or 'ir'.
publicado: Published; masculine singular past participle of 'publicar'.
antes: Before; adverb or preposition indicating prior time.
mesmo: Even or same; emphasizing particle or adjective.
_Economia: Economics; the title word referring to that academic discipline.
apareceu: Appeared; third person singular preterite of 'aparecer'.
artigo: Article; a piece of writing published in a journal.
seu: His, her, or your; masculine singular possessive adjective.
autor: Author; person who writes or creates a work.
previa: Predicted or foresaw; imperfect tense of 'prever'.
causaria: Would cause; conditional tense of 'causar'.
alguma: Some or any; feminine singular indefinite adjective.
discussão: Discussion or debate; exchange of differing viewpoints.
mas: But; adversative conjunction contrasting two ideas.
criou: Created or caused; third person singular preterite of 'criar'.
sensação: Sensation or stir; a feeling or public excitement.
esperava: Expected or hoped; imperfect tense of 'esperar'.
ano: Year; a twelve-month period of time.
seguinte: Following or next; adjective indicating the subsequent item.
vieram: Came; third person plural preterite of 'vir'.
artigos: Articles; plural of 'artigo', written pieces for publication.
"Reivindicações: Claims or demands; title referring to labor rights assertions.
Trabalho": Labor or work; human effort or employment activity.
seus: His, her, or their; masculine plural possessive pronoun.
assuntos: Subjects or matters; topics dealt with in writing.
irlandeses: Irish; masculine plural adjective relating to Ireland.
Esses: These or those; masculine plural demonstrative pronoun.
muito: Very or much; adverb intensifying degree or quantity.
influenciados: Influenced; masculine plural past participle of 'influenciar'.
por: By or through; preposition indicating agent or means.
amizade: Friendship; the bond of mutual affection between people.
correspondência: Correspondence; exchange of letters or written communication.
com: With; preposition indicating accompaniment or association.
curiosa: Curious or unusual; feminine adjective meaning strange or interesting.
camaradagem: Camaraderie; mutual friendship and goodwill between companions.
entre: Between or among; preposition indicating a middle position.
homens: Men; plural of 'homem', adult male human beings.
temperamentos: Temperaments; natural dispositions or characteristic moods.
tão: So or as; adverb intensifying a quality in comparison.
diferentes: Different; plural adjective indicating dissimilarity between things.
publicou: Published; third person singular preterite of 'publicar'.
qual: Which or that; relative pronoun referring to a noun.
havia: Had; imperfect tense of 'haver', used in compound tenses.
dedicado: Dedicated; past participle of 'dedicar', devoted effort to something.
estudo: Study; the act of learning or examining a subject.
sério: Serious; adjective indicating earnestness or importance.
desde: Since or from; preposition indicating starting point in time.
conclusão: Conclusion; the end or finishing of something.
_Lógica_: Logic; title referring to Mill's work on reasoning.
resenhas: Reviews; critical assessments of books or works.
envolvessem: Involved; imperfect subjunctive of 'envolver', to involve.
bastante: Quite or enough; adverb indicating sufficient or considerable degree.
trabalho: Work or labor; effort or a task performed.
como: As or like; conjunction or adverb for comparison or example.
exemplo: Example; an instance used to illustrate a point.
releitura: Rereading; the act of reading a text again.
original: Original; in the source language, not translated.
resenhar: To review; to write a critical assessment of a work.
eram: Were; third person plural imperfect of 'ser'.
recreação: Recreation; leisure activity done for enjoyment and relaxation.
estudioso: Scholar or studious person; one devoted to learning.
viu: Saw; third person singular preterite of 'ver'.
chefe: Chief or head; person in a leadership position.
Examinadores: Examiners; officials who review and evaluate documents or cases.
Casa: House or company; building or institution.
dois: Two; the cardinal number 2.
trouxeram: Brought; third person plural preterite of 'trazer'.
fim: End; the conclusion or termination of something.
oficial: Official; formal, authorized, or relating to an office.
devido: Due to or owing; past participle of 'dever', indicating cause.
transferência: Transfer; the act of moving something to another place.
Coroa: Crown; the monarchy or royal authority.
esposa: Wife; a female spouse or married partner.
faleceu: Passed away; third person singular preterite of 'falecer'.

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