On Liberty — Page 3

English → Chinese Preface Level 9/10

And all the while he was engaged in studying and preparing for his more ambitious works, while he rose step by step at the India Office.

与此同时，他一直致力于研究和准备他更具雄心的著作，同时在印度事务部逐步晋升。

His _Essays on Unsettled Questions in Political Economy_ were written in 1831, although they did not appear until thirteen years later.

他的《政治经济学中若干未决问题论文集》写于1831年，但直到十三年后才得以出版。

His _System of Logic_, the design of which was even then fashioning itself in his brain, took thirteen years to complete, and was actually published before the _Political Economy_.

他的《逻辑学体系》当时已在他脑中逐渐成形，历经十三年方才完成，实际上比《政治经济学》更早出版。

In 1844 appeared the article on Michelet, which its author anticipated would cause some discussion, but which did not create the sensation he expected.

1844年，关于米什莱的文章问世，作者原以为会引发一些讨论，但实际上并未造成他所预期的轰动效应。

Next year there were the "Claims of Labour" and "Guizot," and in 1847 his articles on Irish affairs in the _Morning Chronicle_.

次年发表了《劳工的诉求》和《基佐》，1847年又在《晨报》上发表了关于爱尔兰事务的系列文章。

These years were very much influenced by his friendship and correspondence with Comte, a curious comradeship between men of such different temperament.

这些年深受他与孔德之间友谊和书信往来的影响，两人性情迥异，却结下了一段奇特的友谊。

In 1848 Mill published his _Political Economy_, to which he had given his serious study since the completion of his _Logic_.

1848年，穆勒出版了《政治经济学》，自《逻辑学》完成之后，他便一直潜心研究此书。

His articles and reviews, though they involved a good deal of work--as, for instance, the re-perusal of the _Iliad_ and the _Odyssey_ in the original before reviewing Grote's _Greece_--were recreation to the student.

他的文章和书评虽然涉及大量工作——例如在评论格罗特的《希腊史》之前，须重读《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》原文——对这位学者而言却是一种消遣。

The year 1856 saw him head of the Examiners' Office in the India House, and another two years brought the end of his official work, owing to the transfer of India to the Crown.

1856年，他出任东印度公司审查处主任，又过了两年，由于印度权力移交英国王室，他的公职生涯也随之终结。

In the same year his wife died.

同年，他的妻子去世。

Vocabulary

与此同时: yǔ cǐ tóngshí — at the same time; meanwhile; simultaneously
他: tā — he; him; third-person masculine pronoun
一直: yīzhí — continuously; all along; the whole time
致力于: zhìlì yú — to devote oneself to; to be committed to
研究: yánjiū — to research; to study; research, investigation
和: hé — and; with; together with
准备: zhǔnbèi — to prepare; to get ready; preparation
更具: gèng jù — even more possessing; having greater degree of
雄心: xióngxīn — ambition; great aspiration; lofty goal
的: de — structural particle indicating possession or modification
著作: zhùzuò — written works; books; literary or scholarly writings
同时: tóngshí — at the same time; simultaneously; meanwhile
在: zài — at; in; on; to be located at
印度: Yìndù — India; the country in South Asia
事务部: shìwù bù — affairs department; administrative bureau or office
逐步: zhúbù — step by step; gradually; progressively
晋升: jìnshēng — to be promoted; to advance in rank or position
政治: zhèngzhì — politics; political affairs; governance
经济学: jīngjìxué — economics; the study of economic systems
中: zhōng — in; among; within; middle
若干: ruògān — several; a certain number of; some
未决: wèijué — unsettled; unresolved; pending decision
问题: wèntí — question; problem; issue; matter
论文集: lùnwénjí — collection of essays; anthology of papers
写于: xiě yú — written in; composed during a specific time
年: nián — year; annual; yearly
但: dàn — but; however; yet; nevertheless
直到: zhídào — until; up to; not until a certain time
十三: shísān — thirteen; the number 13
后: hòu — after; later; behind; afterwards
才: cái — only then; not until; just barely
得以: déyǐ — to be able to; to manage to; thus allowed
出版: chūbǎn — to publish; to be published; publication
逻辑学: luójíxué — logic; the academic study of logical reasoning
体系: tǐxì — system; framework; organized structure
当时: dāngshí — at that time; back then; at that moment
已: yǐ — already; by now; previously completed
脑中: nǎo zhōng — in one's mind; in the brain; mentally
逐渐: zhújiàn — gradually; little by little; increasingly
成形: chéngxíng — to take shape; to form; to materialize
历经: lìjīng — to go through; to experience over a long period
方才: fāngcái — only then; just now; not until then
完成: wánchéng — to complete; to finish; to accomplish
实际上: shíjì shang — in fact; actually; in reality
比: bǐ — compared to; than; more than
更早: gèng zǎo — even earlier; sooner; at a prior time
关于: guānyú — about; concerning; regarding a topic
文章: wénzhāng — article; essay; written piece
问世: wènshì — to be published; to appear; to come out
作者: zuòzhě — author; writer; creator of a work
原以为: yuán yǐwéi — originally thought; had expected; assumed beforehand
会: huì — will; can; to be able to; likely to
引发: yǐnfā — to trigger; to cause; to provoke a reaction
一些: yīxiē — some; a few; a number of
讨论: tǎolùn — to discuss; discussion; debate
并未: bìng wèi — did not; has not at all; contrary to expectation
造成: zàochéng — to cause; to bring about; to result in
所: suǒ — particle used before verbs to nominalize actions
预期: yùqī — expected; anticipated; projected outcome
轰动: hōngdòng — sensation; causing a stir; making a big impact
效应: xiàoyìng — effect; impact; resulting influence
次年: cì nián — the following year; the next year
发表: fābiǎo — to publish; to announce; to present publicly
了: le — particle indicating completed action or change
劳工: láogōng — labor; workers; the working class
诉求: sùqiú — demands; claims; appeals; stated requests
又: yòu — again; also; in addition; furthermore
晨报: chénbào — morning newspaper; morning daily publication
上: shàng — on; above; in; published in
爱尔兰: Àiěrlán — Ireland; the island nation in northwestern Europe
事务: shìwù — affairs; matters; business; administrative tasks
系列: xìliè — series; a set of related items or works
这些: zhèxiē — these; these things; referring to items nearby
深受: shēn shòu — deeply influenced by; profoundly affected by
与: yǔ — and; with; together with; versus
之间: zhījiān — between; among; in the middle of
友谊: yǒuyì — friendship; friendly relations between people
书信: shūxìn — letters; written correspondence; epistolary exchange
往来: wǎnglái — exchanges; correspondence; interactions; back and forth
影响: yǐngxiǎng — influence; impact; to affect
两人: liǎng rén — the two people; both persons
性情: xìngqíng — temperament; disposition; natural character
迥异: jiǒngyì — vastly different; starkly contrasting in nature
却: què — yet; but; however; unexpectedly
结下: jiéxia — to form; to forge a relationship or bond
一段: yī duàn — a period of; a section of; a stretch of
奇特: qítè — peculiar; unusual; remarkable; strange and special
自: zì — from; since; oneself; starting from
之后: zhīhòu — after; afterwards; following that time
便: biàn — then; thereupon; consequently; right away
潜心: qiánxīn — to devote oneself wholeheartedly; to immerse oneself
此书: cǐ shū — this book; the book in question
书评: shūpíng — book review; critical review of a written work
虽然: suīrán — although; even though; despite the fact that
涉及: shèjí — to involve; to touch on; to relate to
大量: dàliàng — a large amount; a great deal; numerous
工作: gōngzuò — work; job; to work; labor
例如: lìrú — for example; for instance; such as
评论: pínglùn — to comment on; commentary; critical review
之前: zhīqián — before; prior to; in advance of
须: xū — must; need to; it is necessary to
重读: chóngdú — to reread; to read again; to go through once more
原文: yuánwén — original text; source text; in its original language
对: duì — for; toward; regarding; correct
这位: zhè wèi — this person; this (respectful) individual
学者: xuézhě — scholar; academic; learned person
而言: éryán — as for; in terms of; speaking of; for someone
却是: què shì — yet it is; but in fact; surprisingly it was
一种: yī zhǒng — a kind of; a type of; one sort of
消遣: xiāoqiǎn — pastime; leisure activity; recreation; amusement
出任: chūrèn — to take up a post; to assume an official position
东: dōng — east; eastern; referring to the East India Company
公司: gōngsī — company; corporation; business firm
审查处: shěnchá chù — examiner's office; censorship or review department
主任: zhǔrèn — director; head; chief of a department or office
过了: guòle — after passing; once a period had elapsed
两年: liǎng nián — two years; a period of two years
由于: yóuyú — due to; because of; owing to
权力: quánlì — power; authority; right to exercise control
移交: yíjiāo — to hand over; to transfer authority or control
英国: Yīngguó — Britain; the United Kingdom; England
王室: wángshì — royal family; the Crown; monarchy
公职: gōngzhí — public office; government position; official post
生涯: shēngyá — career; life course; professional life span
也: yě — also; too; as well; likewise
随之: suí zhī — following that; thereupon; along with it
终结: zhōngjié — to end; to conclude; final termination of something
同年: tóng nián — in the same year; that same year
妻子: qīzi — wife; one's married female partner
去世: qùshì — to pass away; to die; to leave this world

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