On Liberty — Page 4

English → Chinese Preface Level 9/10

_Liberty_ was published shortly after, as well as the _Thoughts on Parliamentary Reform_, and no year passed without Mill making important contributions on the political, philosophical, and ethical questions of the day.

《自由论》不久后出版，《议会改革思想》亦随之问世，此后每年穆勒都在当时的政治、哲学与伦理问题上作出重要贡献。

Seven years after the death of his wife, Mill was invited to contest Westminster.

妻子去世七年后，穆勒受邀参加威斯敏斯特选区的竞选。

His feeling on the conduct of elections made him refuse to take any personal action in the matter, and he gave the frankest expression to his political views, but nevertheless he was elected by a large majority.

他对选举行为的看法使他拒绝在此事上采取任何个人行动，他最坦率地表达了自己的政治观点，然而他仍以较大的多数票当选。

He was not a conventional success in the House; as a speaker he lacked magnetism.

他在议会中并非传统意义上的成功者；作为演说者，他缺乏感召力。

But his influence was widely felt.

但他的影响却广为人所感受。

"For the sake of the House of Commons at large," said Mr. Gladstone, "I rejoiced in his advent and deplored his disappearance.

格莱斯顿先生说："为了整个下议院，我为他的到来而欣喜，为他的离去而惋惜。

He did us all good."

他令我们所有人受益。"

After only three years in Parliament, he was defeated at the next General Election by Mr. W. H. Smith.

在议会仅任职三年后，他在下一届大选中败于W·H·史密斯先生。

He retired to Avignon, to the pleasant little house where the happiest years of his life had been spent in the companionship of his wife, and continued his disinterested labours.

他退居阿维尼翁，回到那座宜人的小屋——他一生中最幸福的岁月曾在此与妻子相伴度过——并继续他无私的著述工作。

He completed his edition of his father's _Analysis of the Mind_, and also produced, in addition to less important work, _The Subjection of Women_, in which he had the active co-operation of his step-daughter.

他完成了其父所著《心灵分析》的编订工作，并在其他次要著作之外，还创作了《妇女的屈从地位》，在此书中他得到了继女的积极协助。

A book on Socialism was under consideration, but, like an earlier study of Sociology, it never was written.

一部关于社会主义的著作曾在筹划之中，但与早先一部社会学研究一样，终究未能写成。

Vocabulary

自由论: Zìyóu Lùn — 'On Liberty', famous philosophical essay by John Stuart Mill.
不久: bùjiǔ — Before long; shortly after a period of time.
后: hòu — After; behind; later in time.
出版: chūbǎn — To publish; to release a book or publication.
议会: yìhuì — Parliament; legislative assembly of a government.
改革: gǎigé — Reform; to change a system for improvement.
思想: sīxiǎng — Thought; ideology; way of thinking.
亦: yì — Also; likewise; classical Chinese for 'too'.
随之: suí zhī — Following that; thereupon; along with it.
问世: wènshì — To be published; to appear before the world.
此后: cǐhòu — After this; from then on; henceforth.
每年: měinián — Every year; annually; each year.
都: dōu — All; both; in every case.
在: zài — In; at; on; indicating location or time.
当时: dāngshí — At that time; at the moment in question.
的: de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.
政治: zhèngzhì — Politics; political affairs and governance.
哲学: zhéxué — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions.
与: yǔ — And; with; together with.
伦理: lúnlǐ — Ethics; moral principles governing behavior.
问题: wèntí — Question; problem; issue to be addressed.
上: shàng — On; above; regarding; in the domain of.
作出: zuòchū — To make; to produce a contribution or decision.
重要: zhòngyào — Important; significant; of great consequence.
贡献: gòngxiàn — Contribution; to contribute to a cause or field.
妻子: qīzi — Wife; one's female spouse.
去世: qùshì — To pass away; to die (used for people).
七年: qī nián — Seven years; a period of seven years.
受邀: shòu yāo — To be invited; to receive an invitation.
参加: cānjiā — To participate in; to take part in an event.
选区: xuǎnqū — Electoral constituency; voting district.
竞选: jìngxuǎn — To run for election; to campaign for a position.
他: tā — He; him; third person masculine pronoun.
对: duì — Toward; regarding; correct; facing.
选举: xuǎnjǔ — Election; the process of voting for candidates.
行为: xíngwéi — Behavior; conduct; action taken by a person.
看法: kànfǎ — View; opinion; one's perspective on something.
使: shǐ — To cause; to make; to enable something to happen.
拒绝: jùjué — To refuse; to reject; to decline a request.
此事: cǐ shì — This matter; this affair; the thing in question.
采取: cǎiqǔ — To adopt; to take measures or a stance.
任何: rènhé — Any; whatever; whichever without exception.
个人: gèrén — Individual; personal; relating to oneself.
行动: xíngdòng — Action; activity; to take action.
最: zuì — Most; to the greatest degree; superlative marker.
坦率: tǎnshuài — Candid; frank; straightforward in expression.
地: de — Adverbial particle linking adverb to verb.
表达: biǎodá — To express; to convey one's thoughts or feelings.
了: le — Particle indicating completion or change of state.
自己: zìjǐ — Oneself; one's own; reflexive pronoun.
观点: guāndiǎn — Viewpoint; standpoint; perspective on an issue.
然而: rán'ér — However; nevertheless; yet; despite this.
仍: réng — Still; yet; continuing as before.
以: yǐ — With; by means of; using a method or resource.
较大: jiào dà — Relatively large; comparatively greater in size.
多数票: duōshù piào — Majority of votes; winning margin of votes.
当选: dāngxuǎn — To be elected; to win an election successfully.
中: zhōng — Among; within; in the middle of.
并非: bìngfēi — Not at all; definitely not; contrary to assumption.
传统: chuántǒng — Traditional; convention passed down through generations.
意义: yìyì — Meaning; significance; importance of something.
成功者: chénggōngzhě — Successful person; one who achieves success.
作为: zuòwéi — As; in the capacity of; serving as a role.
演说者: yǎnshuōzhě — Orator; public speaker; one who gives speeches.
缺乏: quēfá — To lack; to be deficient in something needed.
感召力: gǎnzhàolì — Inspirational power; charisma; ability to move others.
但: dàn — But; however; indicating a contrast or exception.
影响: yǐngxiǎng — Influence; impact; effect on someone or something.
却: què — Yet; but; however; indicating unexpected contrast.
广为: guǎngwéi — Widely; broadly; felt or known by many people.
人: rén — People; person; human being.
所: suǒ — Particle used before a verb in passive constructions.
感受: gǎnshòu — To feel; to experience; a feeling or impression.
先生: xiānsheng — Mister; sir; respectful address for a man.
说: shuō — To say; to speak; to express in words.
为了: wèile — For the sake of; in order to achieve a goal.
整个: zhěnggè — Entire; whole; the complete totality of something.
下议院: xià yìyuàn — House of Commons; lower house of UK Parliament.
我: wǒ — I; me; first person singular pronoun.
为: wèi — For; because of; on behalf of.
到来: dàolái — Arrival; coming; the act of arriving somewhere.
而: ér — And; yet; conjunction linking contrasting clauses.
欣喜: xīnxǐ — Joyful; delighted; feeling happy and pleased.
离去: líqù — To leave; to depart; to go away from a place.
惋惜: wǎnxī — To feel sorry; to regret a loss or departure.
令: lìng — To cause; to make; to order someone to do something.
我们: wǒmen — We; us; first person plural pronoun.
所有人: suǒyǒurén — Everyone; all people; every single person.
受益: shòuyì — To benefit; to gain advantage from something.
仅: jǐn — Only; merely; just; indicating a small amount.
任职: rènzhí — To hold office; to serve in an official position.
三年: sān nián — Three years; a period of three years.
下一届: xià yī jiè — Next term; the following session or election.
大选: dàxuǎn — General election; major national vote for government.
败于: bài yú — To be defeated by; to lose to an opponent.
退居: tuìjū — To retire to; to withdraw and settle in a place.
回到: huídào — To return to; to go back to a place.
那座: nà zuò — That (classifier for buildings); referring to a structure.
宜人: yírén — Pleasant; agreeable; delightful to the senses.
小屋: xiǎowū — Cottage; small house; a little dwelling place.
一生: yīshēng — A lifetime; one's whole life; all one's days.
幸福: xìngfú — Happiness; blessed; feeling content and fortunate.
岁月: suìyuè — Years; passage of time; months and years gone by.
曾: céng — Once; formerly; indicating a past experience.
在此: zài cǐ — Here; at this place; in this location.
相伴: xiāngbàn — To accompany each other; to be together companionably.
度过: dùguò — To spend time; to pass a period of time.
并: bìng — And; furthermore; at the same time.
继续: jìxù — To continue; to carry on doing something.
无私: wúsī — Selfless; unselfish; without personal interest or gain.
著述: zhùshù — Writing works; scholarly writing and composition.
工作: gōngzuò — Work; job; to work on a task.
完成: wánchéng — To complete; to finish; to accomplish a task.
其父: qí fù — His father; one's father (classical expression).
所著: suǒ zhù — Authored by; written by a specific person.
心灵: xīnlíng — Mind; soul; the inner spiritual or mental self.
分析: fēnxī — Analysis; to analyze; to break down a subject.
编订: biāndìng — To edit and compile; to revise and finalize a text.
其他: qítā — Other; the rest; additional ones besides those mentioned.
次要: cìyào — Secondary; minor; less important than primary concerns.
著作: zhùzuò — Written works; publications; literary or scholarly writings.
之外: zhīwài — Besides; outside of; in addition to something.
还: hái — Also; still; in addition; furthermore.
创作: chuàngzuò — To create; to write or produce an original work.
妇女: fùnǚ — Women; adult females; referring to women generally.
屈从: qūcóng — Subjection; submission; yielding to others' control.
地位: dìwèi — Status; position; standing in society or hierarchy.
此书: cǐ shū — This book; the book in question being discussed.
得到: dédào — To receive; to obtain; to get something desired.
继女: jìnǚ — Stepdaughter; daughter from a spouse's previous relationship.
积极: jījí — Active; enthusiastic; positive and energetic in approach.
协助: xiézhù — To assist; to help; to provide support to someone.
一部: yī bù — One volume; a single work (classifier for books/films).
关于: guānyú — About; concerning; regarding a particular topic.
社会主义: shèhuì zhǔyì — Socialism; political ideology advocating collective ownership.
筹划: chóuhuà — To plan; to scheme; to make arrangements for a project.
之中: zhīzhōng — Among; within; in the process of doing something.
早先: zǎoxiān — Earlier; previously; at an earlier point in time.
社会学: shèhuìxué — Sociology; the academic study of human society.
研究: yánjiū — Research; study; to investigate a subject thoroughly.
一样: yīyàng — The same; alike; just like something else.
终究: zhōngjiū — In the end; ultimately; after all is said and done.
未能: wèinéng — Failed to; was unable to; did not manage to.
写成: xiěchéng — To finish writing; to complete a written work.

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