On the Method of Zadig: Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" — Page 8

Vocabulary

이

i — This; used as a demonstrative pronoun or adjective

모든

modeun — All, every; refers to the entirety of something

경우에

gyeongu-e — In the case of; situational marker

있어서

isseo-seo — In the context of; regarding a situation

변하는

byeonhaneun — Changing, varying; present tense modifier

것은

geoseun — The thing that; nominalizer with topic marker

오직

ojik — Only, solely; indicates exclusivity

시간과의

sigangwa-ui — With time; relating to a temporal connection

관계뿐이며

gwangyeppunimyeo — Only the relationship; nothing more than a connection

직접적인

jikjeopjeogin — Direct, immediate; describes a straightforward connection

지식의

jisig-ui — Of knowledge; relating to information or learning

가능한

ganeunghan — Possible, feasible; within the realm of ability

한계를

hangye-reul — The limit, boundary; extent of capability

넘어선

neomeoson — Beyond, exceeding; surpassing a set boundary

점술의

jeomsul-ui — Of divination; relating to fortune-telling practices

과정은

gwajeong-eun — The process; procedure or course of action

동일하게

Identically, equally; in the same manner

유지된다

yujidoenda — Is maintained, preserved; continues to remain the same

결과와

gyeolgwa-wa — And the result; outcome combined with another element

공인된

gongin-doen — Officially recognized, accredited; formally acknowledged

영감에

yeonggam-e — To inspiration; relating to creative or divine insight

의해

uihae — By means of; indicates the agent or method

얻어진

eod-eojin — Obtained, acquired; something that has been gained

결과

gyeolgwa — Result, outcome; the end product of a process

사이의

sai-ui — Between; indicates a relationship among things

유사성을

yusaseong-eul — The similarity; likeness between two or more things

본능적으로

bonneungjeogeuro — Instinctively; acting based on natural impulse

인식한

insikhan — Recognized, perceived; became aware of something

것이

geosi — The thing that; nominalizer with subject marker

마법사들로

mabeopsadeul-ro — By the sorcerers; magicians acting as agents

하여금

hayeogeum — Causing someone to do; makes a person act

그

geu — That, the; third-person demonstrative article

철학자를

cheolhakja-reul — The philosopher; object marker on a thinker

불태우고자

bultaeugoja — Wanting to burn; expresses desire to set ablaze

하는

haneun — Doing; present tense verb modifier

욕망을

yongmang-eul — The desire, craving; object marker on strong want

품게

pumge — To harbor, to hold; keeping a feeling inside

만든

mandeun — Made, caused; past tense modifier for creating

것임에

geosim-e — In the fact that; nominalizer indicating certainty

틀림없다

teullimeopda — Undoubtedly, certainly; there is no doubt about it

왕의

wang-ui — Of the king; royal possessive marker

말이나

mal-ina — Horse or; presenting alternatives involving a horse

왕비의

wangbi-ui — Of the queen; possessive relating to the queen

보거나

bogeona — Seeing or; presents an alternative involving sight

들은

deur-eun — Heard; past tense modifier for listening

적이

jeogi — Experience of; indicates a past experience marker

없다고

eopda-go — Saying there is none; reported absence of something

인정했다

injeonghaessda — Admitted, acknowledged; conceded a fact openly

그럼에도

geureomedo — Nevertheless, even so; despite what was said

불구하고

bulguhago — Regardless, in spite of; used in concessive phrases

그는

geu-neun — He; third-person masculine pronoun with topic marker

묘사에

myosa-e — To the description; relating to a verbal depiction

부합하는

buhap-haneun — Matching, conforming; fitting a given description

동물들이

dongmuldeuri — The animals; subject marker on a group of creatures

실제로

silje-ro — Actually, in reality; confirms something genuinely exists

존재하며

jonjaehamyeo — Exist and; affirming the presence of something

평원을

pyeongwon-eul — The plain; object marker on a flat open land

달리고

dalligo — Running and; continuous action of moving swiftly

있다고

itdago — Saying there is; reported existence of something

매우

maeu — Very, extremely; intensifier for adjectives and adverbs

단호하게

danhohage — Decisively, firmly; in a resolute and determined manner

주장하는

jujangha-neun — Claiming, asserting; presenting a firm argument

모험을

moheom-eul — The adventure, risk; object marker on a bold venture

감행했다

gamhaenghaessda — Dared, ventured; boldly carried out a risky action

만약

manyak — If, supposing; introduces a conditional statement

그의

geu-ui — His; third-person masculine possessive pronoun

방법이

bangbeob-i — The method; subject marker on a procedure or way

열

yeol — Ten; the number 10 in native Korean

시간

sigan — Time, hour; a unit of time or general concept

전의

jeon-ui — Before, prior; possessive marker indicating past time

사건

sageon — Event, incident; a notable occurrence or happening

경과를

gyeonggwa-reul — The passage, course; object marker on elapsed events

점치는

jeomchineun — Divining, predicting; foretelling future or past events

데

de — In doing; used to indicate a situation or purpose

유효했다면

yuhyohaessda-myeon — If it was effective; conditional past tense of validity

왜

wae — Why; interrogative asking for a reason

십

sip — Ten; the number 10 in Sino-Korean

년이나

nyeon-ina — Years or; presenting temporal alternatives involving years

세기

segi — Century; a period of one hundred years

사건들에는

sageon-deul-e-neun — As for the events; topic marker on plural occurrences

유효하지

yuhyohaji — Not effective; used in negative construction of validity

않겠는가

anketneun-ga — Would it not; rhetorical negative question ending

아니

ani — No, or rather; interjection expressing negation or correction

그것이

geugeosi — That thing; third-person demonstrative with subject marker

만

man — Ten thousand; the number 10,000 in Korean

년까지

nyeon-kkaji — Until years; up to a specified number of years

확장되어

hwagjangdoeeo — Being extended, expanded; stretched to a greater range

물고기의

mulgogi-ui — Of the fish; possessive relating to a fish

전통

jeontong — Tradition; long-established customs passed through generations

그리고

geurigo — And, also; conjunction connecting two elements

우주론의

ujuron-ui — Of cosmology; relating to theories about the universe

신성한

sinseonghan — Sacred, divine; holy and deserving of reverence

토대에

todae-e — On the foundation; relating to the base or basis

불경스럽게

bulgyeongseureobge — Irreverently, sacrilegiously; in a disrespectful blasphemous manner

간섭하는

ganseop-haneun — Interfering, meddling; intruding into something uninvited

것을

geoseul — The thing; nominalizer with object marker

정당화하지

jeongdanghwahaji — Not justify; failing to provide adequate justification

그러나

geureona — However, but; conjunction introducing a contrasting idea

이것이

igeosi — This thing; demonstrative pronoun with subject marker

최악은

choeag-eun — The worst; topic marker on the most negative outcome

아니었다

anieossda — Was not; past tense negation of existence or identity

마법사들

mabeopsadeul — Sorcerers, magicians; plural of a practitioner of magic

중

jung — Among, in the middle of; indicates selection from group

더

deo — More; comparative adverb indicating greater degree

사려

saryo — Prudence, discretion; thoughtful and careful consideration

깊은

gipeun — Deep; describes great depth or profundity

이들로

ideul-ro — These people, as; referring to a specific group

즉시

jeuksi — Immediately, at once; without any delay

불태우는

bultaeun-neun — Burning; present tense modifier for setting on fire

적절하다고

jeokjeolhadago — Saying it is appropriate; reported judgment of suitability

명백히

myeongbaekhI — Clearly, obviously; in an evident and unmistakable manner

생각하게

saenggakhage — To think, to make think; causing a thought or opinion

또

tto — Also, again; additive conjunction or repetition marker

다른

dareun — Other, different; describes something distinct from before

고려

goryo — Consideration; careful thought given to a matter

사항이

sahang-i — The matter, item; subject marker on a specific point

있었다

isseossda — There was; past tense indicating existence of something

변호는

byeonho-neun — The defense; topic marker on advocacy or legal defense

위반보다

wiban-boda — Worse than the violation; comparative of an offense

나빴다

nappassda — Was bad, worse; past tense of being negative

그것은

geugeoseun — That thing; third-person demonstrative with topic marker

점술

jeomsul — Divination; the practice of predicting future events

방식이

bangsik-i — The method, style; subject marker on a manner of doing

전반에

jeonban-e — Throughout; across the entirety of something

위험으로

wiheom-euro — With danger; direction marker on a risky condition

가득

gadeuk — Full, filled; indicates being completely packed with something

차

cha — Filled; short form indicating being full of something

있음을

isseum-eul — The fact of existing; nominalizer with object marker

보여주었다

boyeojuessda — Showed, demonstrated; made something visible or evident