On the Method of Zadig: Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" — Page 8

Vocabulary

ဤ

i — This; demonstrative pronoun referring to something nearby

ကိစ္စရပ်များ

kei̤t-sa-yat-myaa — Matters; affairs; issues or cases

အားလုံး

aa-lone — All; everyone; everything without exception

တွင်

twìn — In; at; within a place or context

ပြောင်းလဲ

pyaung-lè — To change; to transform; to alter

သွားသည်မှာ

thwaa-thì-hmaa — The fact of going; having gone away

အချိန်

a-chein — Time; a period or moment

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; together with another

သက်ဆိုင်သော

thut-saing-thaw — Relevant; related; pertaining to something

ဆက်နွှယ်မှု

set-nwè-hmu — Connection; relationship; linkage between things

သာ

thaa — Only; merely; just; emphasis particle

ဖြစ်သည်

hpyit-thì — Is; am; are; to be (copula)

တိုက်ရိုက်

tite-yite — Direct; directly; straightforwardly without intermediary

သိနိုင်သော

thì-naing-thaw — Knowable; able to be known or understood

အသိပညာ

a-thì-pyin-nyaa — Knowledge; wisdom; learned understanding

၏

ei̤ — Possessive or genitive particle meaning 'of'

နယ်နိမိတ်

nè-nèi-mite — Boundary; border; territorial limit

ကျော်လွန်သည့်

kyaw-lun-thìn — Beyond; surpassing; exceeding a boundary

ဗဟုသုတ

ba-hu-thu-ta — General knowledge; wide learning; erudition

ဟောကိန်း

haw-gein — Prophecy; prediction; forecast of future events

ထုတ်ခြင်း

htote-jing — Act of producing; issuing; extracting something

လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်

lote-ngan-zin — Process; procedure; sequence of operations

မှာ

hmaa — At; in; topic marker or locative particle

တူညီစွာ

tu-nyi-zwaa — Equally; similarly; in the same manner

ကျန်ရှိ

kyan-shi — Remaining; still existing; left over

နေသည်

nè-thì — To stay; to live; continuous aspect marker

သံသယ

than-tha-ya — Doubt; suspicion; uncertainty about something

မရှိဘဲ

ma-shi-bè — Without; lacking; in the absence of

ဇာဒစ်

zaa-dite — Horoscope; astrological chart; natal forecast

ရလဒ်များ

ya-lat-myaa — Results; outcomes; findings from something

အာဏာပိုင်

aa-naa-pine — Authority; official; one holding power

လက်ခံထားသော

let-khan-htaa-thaw — Accepted; acknowledged; officially recognized

ဗျာဒိတ်တော်

byaa-dite-taw — Divine revelation; prophecy; sacred pronouncement

မှ

hma — From; out of; ablative case particle

ရရှိသော

ya-shi-thaw — Obtained; received; having acquired something

အကြား

a-kyaa — Between; among; in the space of

ရှိ

shi — To exist; to have; to be present

တူညီချက်

tu-nyi-chet — Similarity; point of agreement; common feature

ကို

ko — Accusative particle marking direct object

သူတို့

thu-doh — They; them; those people (plural pronoun)

သဘာဝ

tha-baa-wa — Nature; natural state; inherent quality

နှင့်လာသော

hnin-laa-thaw — Coming with; brought along; accompanied by

အသိအမှတ်ပြုမှု

a-thì-a-hmut-pyu-hmu — Recognition; acknowledgment; official acceptance

သည်

thì — Subject marker; declarative sentence particle

မှော်ဆရာများ

hmaw-sa-yaa-myaa — Magicians; sorcerers; practitioners of magic

အား

aa — To; for; dative particle or object marker

ထို

htoe — That; those; demonstrative pointing to something

ဒဿနပညာရှင်

dat-tha-na-pyin-nyaa-shin — Philosopher; scholar of philosophical thought

မီးရှို့

mii-sho — To burn; to set fire to something

ပစ်လိုသော

pyit-lo-thaw — Wanting to throw; desiring to discard

ဆန္ဒ

san-da — Desire; wish; intention; will

ရှင်သန်

shin-than — To survive; to live; to thrive

စေခဲ့သည်မှာ

ze-khe-thì-hmaa — The fact of causing; having caused something

ဖြစ်ပေသည်

hpyit-pe-thì — Indeed is; turns out to be

မင်းကြီး

min-gyi — Great king; monarch; high-ranking ruler

မြင်း

myin — Horse; equine animal

ဖြစ်စေ

hpyit-ze — Whether; causing to be; making happen

မိဖုရား

mi-hpu-yaa — Queen; royal consort; king's wife

မြင်ဖူးခြင်း

myin-hpu-jing — Having seen before; prior visual experience

လည်း

lè — Also; too; as well; additive particle

မရှိ

ma-shi — Does not exist; there is none

ကြားဖူးခြင်း

kyaa-hpu-jing — Having heard before; prior auditory experience

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle; saying that; thus said

ဝန်ခံ

wun-khan — To admit; to confess; to acknowledge

သော်လည်း

thaw-lè — However; although; but; concessive conjunction

၎င်းတို့

thingdoh — They; those; plural third-person pronoun

ဖော်ပြချက်

hpaw-pya-chet — Description; explanation; stated account of something

ကိုက်ညီသော

kite-nyi-thaw — Matching; consistent; fitting correctly

တိရစ္ဆာန်များ

tei̤-yit-hsan-myaa — Animals; creatures; beasts of various kinds

တကယ်ပင်

ta-gè-pin — Really; truly; indeed; in actuality

ရှိနေပြီး

shi-nè-pyi — Already existing; being present and continuing

မြေပြင်ပြင်များ

myè-pyin-pyin-myaa — Plains; flat open ground areas; open fields

ပေါ်တွင်

paw-twìn — On; upon; on top of a surface

ပြေးလွှား

pyè-hlwaa — To run about; to roam; to race around

အတိအကျ

a-ti-a-kya — Exactly; precisely; with exactness

အထောက်အထား

a-htote-a-htaa — Evidence; proof; supporting documentation

ခိုင်မာသော

khine-maa-thaw — Firm; solid; strong; well-established

နည်း

nè — Method; way; how; technique

ဖြင့်

hpyin — With; by means of; instrumental particle

ဖော်ပြ

hpaw-pya — To describe; to express; to indicate clearly

ဝံ့ခဲ့သည်

wun-khe-thì — Dared to; was bold enough to do

သူ

thu — He; she; that person; third-person pronoun

နည်းလမ်း

nè-lan — Method; approach; way of doing something

နာရီ

naa-yi — Hour; clock; timepiece

ဆယ်ခု

se-khu — Ten; a count of ten items

အသက်ရှိသော

a-thet-shi-thaw — Living; alive; having life

ဖြစ်ရပ်

hpyit-yut — Event; occurrence; incident; happening

တို့

doh — Plural marker; we; group particle

လမ်းကြောင်း

lan-kyaung — Path; route; course of direction

ထုတ်ရာ

htote-yaa — Place or means of producing; output source

ကောင်းမွန်

kaung-mun — Good; excellent; of fine quality

ဆိုလျှင်

so-lyin — If; when; in the case that

ဆယ်နှစ်

se-hnit — Ten years; a decade

သို့မဟုတ်

thoh-ma-hote — Or; otherwise; alternatively

ဆယ်ရာစုနှစ်

se-yaa-zu-hnit — Century; a period of one hundred years

အတိတ်

a-tite — The past; former times; history

ရှိသော

shi-thaw — That exists; which has; present

အရာများ

a-yaa-myaa — Things; objects; matters; various items

အတွက်

a-twet — For; for the sake of; because of

ဘာကြောင့်

baa-kyaung — Why; for what reason; what cause

ကောင်းမွန်ခြင်း

kaung-mun-jing — Goodness; excellence; quality of being good

ရမည်နည်း

ya-myi-nè — How should one obtain; what must be done

ထိုမျှမက

htoe-hmya-ma-ka — Not only that; furthermore; moreover

၎င်း

thìng — It; that; the aforementioned thing or person

နှစ်

hnit — Year; two; a unit of time

ဆယ်ထောင်

se-htaung — Ten thousand; a large number

အထိ

a-hti — Up to; until; as far as

ကျယ်ပြန့်

kyè-pyan — Wide; broad; expansive; extensive

နိုင်ပြီး

naing-pyi — Being able to; having succeeded and continuing

ငါး

ngaa — Five; fish; the number five

ဓလေ့ထုံးစံများ

da-lè-htone-zan-myaa — Customs; traditions; cultural practices and norms

ကမ္ဘာဖန်ဆင်းရေး

kamba-hpan-zin-ye — Creation of the world; cosmogony; world origin

ပူဇော်ဆက်ကပ်

pu-zaw-set-kut — To offer; to dedicate; ritual presentation to deity

ထားသော

htaa-thaw — That has been placed; kept; stored away

အုတ်မြစ်များ

oat-myit-myaa — Foundations; bases; cornerstones of something

ဘာသာရေးမဲ့

baa-thaa-ye-mè — Irreligious; without religion; secular; ungodly

သူများ

thu-myaa — Those people; others; other persons

ဝင်ရောက်

win-yote — To enter; to intrude; to come into

စွက်ဖက်ခြင်း

swet-hpet-jing — Interference; intervention; meddling in affairs

တရားဝင်

ta-yaa-win — Legal; official; legitimate; formally recognized

စေနိုင်မည်

ze-naing-myi — Will be able to cause; can make happen

မဟုတ်လော

ma-hote-law — Is it not so; rhetorical questioning particle

သို့သော်

thoh-thaw — However; but; nevertheless; contrasting conjunction

အရာ

a-yaa — Thing; matter; object; item

အဆိုးဆုံး

a-so-zone — The worst; most terrible; most negative

မဟုတ်ခဲ့ပေ

ma-hote-khe-pe — Was not; did not turn out to be

ထဲမှ

htè-hma — From within; out of; from inside

ပို၍

po-ywe — More; increasingly; to a greater degree

တွေးဆ

twè-sa — To think; to ponder; to speculate

တတ်သူများ

tut-thu-myaa — Those who are skilled; capable people

ချက်ချင်း

chet-jin — Immediately; at once; right away

ပစ်ရန်

pyit-yan — In order to throw; to discard; to cast

သင့်လျော်

thìn-lyaw — Appropriate; suitable; fitting; proper

ကြောင်း

kyaung — That; clause marker indicating reported speech

ထင်ရှားစွာ

htin-shaa-zwaa — Clearly; obviously; evidently; conspicuously

သတ်မှတ်

thut-hmut — To define; to set; to designate officially

ပေးသော

pe-thaw — That gives; which provided; giving

အခြားသော

a-khaa-thaw — Other; another; different; remaining ones

စဉ်းစားချက်

zin-zaa-chet — Consideration; argument; thought-out point

တစ်ရပ်

tit-yut — One matter; a single issue or point

ရှိသေးသည်

shi-ze-thì — Still exists; there is yet more

ကာကွယ်ချက်

kaa-kwè-chet — Defense; protection; argument in defense

ကျူးလွန်မှု

kyu-lun-hmu — Offense; violation; act of transgression

ထက်ပင်

htet-pin — Even more than; surpassing; beyond even

ပို

po — More; additional; greater in degree

ဆိုးခဲ့သည်

so-khe-thì — Was bad; turned out to be worse

ထုတ်နည်း

htote-nè — Method of production; way of extracting

မှော်ပညာဝါဒ

hmaw-pyin-nyaa-waat — Doctrine of magic; occultism; magical belief system

တစ်ရပ်လုံး

tit-yut-lone — The whole matter; entirely; all of it

အန္တရာယ်

an-da-yè — Danger; hazard; peril; risk

ပြည့်နှက်

pyìn-hnet — Full of; saturated; permeated throughout

နေကြောင်း

nè-kyaung — That one is; indicating a state of being

ပြသ

pya-tha — To show; to demonstrate; to display

ခဲ့သည်

khe-thì — Past tense marker; did; has done