On the Method of Zadig: Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" — Page 13
我们所能说的是,天文学家的前瞻性预言总是得到验证;而他的回溯性预言,是将那个向前推演时总能得到验证结果的方法反向运用的结果,因此我们有充分的理由对两者同等地充满信心。
All that can be said is, that the prospective prophecies of the astronomer are always verified; and that, inasmuch as his retrospective prophecies are the result of following backwards, the very same method as that which invariably leads to verified results, when it is worked forwards, there is as much reason for placing full confidence in the one as in the other.
因此,回溯性预言是天文学科的一项合理功能;如果它对一门科学是合理的,那么对所有科学都是合理的——它所依赖的基本公理,即自然秩序的恒常性,是一切科学思想的共同基础。
Retrospective prophecy is therefore a legitimate function of astronomical science; and if it is legitimate for one science it is legitimate for all; the fundamental axiom on which it rests, the constancy of the order of nature, being the common foundation of all scientific thought.
事实上,如果合理性有程度之分,某些科学领域在这方面比天文学更具优势,因为它们的回溯性预言不仅可以被验证,有时甚至得到了令人瞩目的证实。
Indeed, if there can be grades in legitimacy, certain branches of science have the advantage over astronomy, in so far as their retrospective prophecies are not only susceptible of verification, but are sometimes strikingly verified.
这样一门科学就存在于将生物学原理应用于解读埋藏在地球表面岩层中的动植物遗骸之中,这门学科被称为古生物学。
Such a science exists in that application of the principles of biology to the interpretation of the animal and vegetable remains imbedded in the rocks which compose the surface of the globe, which is called Palaeontology.
在不太久远的过去,这些所谓的"化石"是否真的是动植物遗骸这一问题曾引发激烈争论。
At no very distant time, the question whether these so-called "fossils," were really the remains of animals and plants was hotly disputed.
许多博学之士坚持认为,化石根本不是动植物遗骸,而是一种在其所在岩石内部发生的凝结物或结晶体,只是模仿了动植物生命的形态,就如同窗玻璃上的霜花模仿植物形态一样。
Very learned persons maintained that they were nothing of the kind, but a sort of concretion, or crystallisation, which had taken place within the stone in which they are found; and which simulated the forms of animal and vegetable life, just as frost on a window-pane imitates vegetation.
Vocabulary
- All
- 全部、整个、所有的东西
- that
- 那个、那个东西、那样的
- can
- 能够、可以、有能力
- be
- 是、存在、发生
- said
- 说、讲述、表达
- is
- 是、存在于
- the
- 这个、那个(定冠词)
- prospective
- 前瞻性的、未来的、预期的
- of
- 的、属于、来自
- astronomer
- 天文学家、研究天体的科学家
- are
- 是、存在
- always
- 总是、始终、经常
- verified
- 验证、证实、确认真实性
- and
- 和、与、以及
- as
- 作为、因为、当…时
- his
- 他的、属于他的
- retrospective
- 回顾性的、往后看的、追溯的
- result
- 结果、成果、后果
- following
- 跟随、接下来的、随后的
- backwards
- 向后、倒退、反向
- very
- 非常、很、极其
- same
- 相同的、同样的、一样
- method
- 方法、办法、途径
- which
- 哪个、哪一个、那个
- leads
- 导致、引向、领导
- to
- 到、向、朝向
- results
- 结果、成果、产生
- when
- 当…时、何时、什么时候
- it
- 它、这个、那个
- worked
- 工作、运作、起作用
- forwards
- 向前、前进、往前
- there
- 那里、那个地方、存在
- much
- 很多、大量、非常
- reason
- 原因、理由、缘故
- for
- 为了、因为、对于
- placing
- 放置、安放、评估
- full
- 充分的、完整的、满的
- confidence
- 信心、信任、自信
- in
- 在…里、在…内、用
- one
- 一个、某个、任何人
- other
- 另一个、其他的、别的
- Retrospective
- 回顾性的、往后看的、追溯的
- therefore
- 因此、所以、那么
- legitimate
- 合法的、正当的、有根据的
- function
- 功能、作用、职能
- astronomical
- 天文学的、极大的、庞大的
- science
- 科学、学科、科学知识
- if
- 如果、假如、是否
- fundamental
- 基本的、根本的、基础的
- on
- 在…上、关于、在…期间
- rests
- 休息、依靠、依赖于
- order
- 秩序、顺序、命令
- nature
- 自然、本质、性质
- being
- 存在、生物、本质
- common
- 共同的、常见的、普遍的
- foundation
- 基础、根基、基金会
- scientific
- 科学的、按科学方法的
- thought
- 思想、想法、思考
- Indeed
- 确实、的确、实际上
- grades
- 等级、年级、分数
- legitimacy
- 合法性、正当性、正统性
- certain
- 某些、一定的、确定的
- branches
- 分支、分枝、分科
- have
- 有、拥有、具有
- advantage
- 优势、优点、利益
- over
- 在…上方、超过、关于
- astronomy
- 天文学、研究天体的科学
- so
- 所以、那么、这样
- far
- 远、到目前为止、很多
- their
- 他们的、她们的、它们的
- not
- 不、否定词
- only
- 仅有的、只有、仅仅
- susceptible
- 易受…的、容易受…的、敏感的
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