Plays of Sophocles: Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus; Antigone — Page 8

Vocabulary

၏

i — Possessive or linking particle in formal writing

ကုစားသူ

ku-za-thu — Healer; one who treats or cures ailments

နားထောင်

na-htaung — To listen; to pay attention to sounds

တော်မူ

taw-mu — Honorific verb for royal or divine action

ပါ

pa — Polite particle added to sentences for courtesy

သင်

thin — You; second-person singular pronoun

သည်

thi — Topic marker particle; equivalent to 'is/are'

ယခင်

ya-khin — Previously; in the past; formerly

က

ka — Subject marker particle in a sentence

မသိ

ma-thi — To not know; to be unaware of something

သေး

thay — Yet; still; not yet (negative particle)

သော

thaw — Relative clause particle; that/which/who

နာကျင်

na-jin — To feel pain; to ache; to hurt

မှု

hmu — Abstract noun-forming suffix; matter or affair

တစ်ခု

tit-khu — One thing; a single item or unit

ကို

ko — Object marker particle; towards or at

ခံစား

khan-za — To feel; to experience an emotion or sensation

နေ

nay — To stay; to be; continuous aspect marker

သလော

tha-law — Questioning particle implying doubt or wonder

သို့မဟုတ်

thoe-ma-hout — Or; otherwise; alternatively

လည်ပတ်

le-pat — To revolve; to circulate; to go around

နေသော

nay-thaw — That which is existing or happening currently

နှစ်

hnit — Year; also the number two

များ

mya — Plural marker; many; a lot of

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; together with (conjunction/particle)

အတူ

a-tu — Together; along with someone or something

ရှေး

shay — Ancient; old; of the distant past

ကာလ

ka-la — Period; era; time span or epoch

ပြစ်ဒဏ်

pyit-dan — Punishment; penalty for wrongdoing or sin

ပြန်လည်

pyan-le — Again; to return; once more

နှိုးဆွ

hnoe-hswa — To awaken; to stir up; to arouse

ရွှေရောင်

shwe-yaung — Golden color; resembling or colored like gold

မျှော်လင့်ချက်

myaw-lin-chet — Hope; expectation; anticipation of something good

သားသမီး

tha-thami — Children; sons and daughters collectively

အမောမပြတ်

a-maw-ma-pyat — Unceasingly; without rest; tirelessly and continuously

အသံ

a-than — Sound; voice; noise

ရှင်

shin — Honorific address; lord; you (respectful form)

အော်

aw — To cry out; to shout; to exclaim

ကျွန်ုပ်

kyawnut — I; me; first-person pronoun (formal register)

အား

a — Object/direction particle; strength; power

ပြော

pyaw — To say; to speak; to tell someone

လော့

law — Imperative particle urging or commanding action

ပဌမ

pa-hta-ma — First; the ordinal number one

တုံ့ပြန်

tone-pyan — To respond; to react; to answer back

သံ

than — Sound; tone; metal (context-dependent meaning)

အစ

a-si — Beginning; start; origin of something

တွင်

twin — In; at; within (location particle)

အသီနေ

a-thi-nay — Living alone; dwelling separately and independently

ခေါ်ဆို

khaw-hso — To call; to summon; to address someone

မှ

hma — From; since; out of (source particle)

ဖွားမြင်

hpwa-myin — To be born; to come into existence at birth

နတ်သမီး

nat-thami — Goddess; female divine or celestial being

ကာကွယ်

ka-kwe — To protect; to defend; to guard against harm

နှမ

hna-ma — Younger sister; female younger sibling

မိတ်ဆွေ

meit-hswe — Friend; companion; close acquaintance

ဖွဲ့

hpwe — To compose; to form; to organize together

မြို့

myoe — City; town; urban settlement

မိဖုရား

mi-hpu-ya — Queen; royal female ruler or consort

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kyawnut-toe — We; us; first-person plural pronoun (formal)

ဈေးကွက်

zay-kwet — Market; marketplace where goods are traded

အလယ်

a-le — Middle; center; in between two things

မြင့်မား

myint-ma — High; tall; lofty; elevated in position

ပလ္လင်

pa-lin — Throne; royal seat of a king or ruler

ပေါ်

paw — On top of; above; to appear or emerge

၌

hnit — At; in; locative particle (formal/literary)

ထိုင်

htaing — To sit; to be seated in a place

သေစေ

thay-say — Causing death; lethal; to cause to die

အတောင်ပံ

a-taung-pan — Wings; appendages used for flying

ပါသော

pa-thaw — That which includes or carries along with

မြားတံ

mya-tan — Arrow; pointed projectile shot from a bow

သခင်

tha-khin — Lord; master; owner; sovereign leader

သင်တို့

thin-toe — You all; second-person plural pronoun

သုံးဆ

thone-hsa — Triple; three times the amount

တိုး

toe — To increase; to grow; to multiply

အကူအညီ

a-ku-a-nyi — Help; assistance; support given to someone

တောင်းဆို

taung-hso — To demand; to request; to appeal for something

သေခြင်း

thay-jin — Death; the act or state of dying

ပျက်စီး

pyit-si — To be destroyed; to be ruined or damaged

ခြင်း

jin — Nominalizing suffix turning verbs into nouns

ကယ်တင်

ke-tin — To save; to rescue; to deliver from danger

ရန်

yan — Purpose particle; in order to; for the sake of

ဆုံးပါး

hsone-pa — To pass away; to die (polite expression)

တော့

taw — Particle indicating finality or a shift in topic

မည့်

myi — Future tense marker; will; about to do

အချိန်

a-chain — Time; moment; period of time

နှင်ထုတ်

hnin-htoat — To expel; to drive out; to banish someone

ခဲ့

khe — Past tense marker indicating completed action

လျှင်

hlyin — If; when; conditional particle in sentences

မြေပြင်

myay-pyin — Ground; earth's surface; terrain or land

မီးလောင်ကျွမ်း

mi-laung-jwun — To burn; to be consumed by fire

ကပ်ရောဂါ

kat-yaw-ga — Plague; epidemic; widespread infectious disease

ယခု

ya-khu — Now; currently; at this present moment

နား

na — Ear; to stop; to rest from activity

မှာ

hma — At; in; location or instruction particle

ရှိ

shi — To exist; to have; to be present

ပြီး

pyi — Already; after completing; done (aspect marker)

ပေး

pay — To give; to provide something to someone

ဒုတိယ

du-ti-ya — Second; the ordinal number two

ကဗျာ

ka-bya — Poem; poetry; literary verse composition

အမယ်

a-me — Mother; an exclamation of surprise

မရေမတွက်

ma-yay-ma-twet — Countless; innumerable; too many to count

နိုင်

naing — To be able to; can; to win or overcome

ဒုက္ခ

douk-kha — Suffering; sorrow; distress and misery

မည်မျှ

myi-hmya — How much; how many; to what extent

သနည်း

tha-ne — Question particle asking 'what is it?'

လူအုပ်

lu-out — Crowd; a large group of people gathered

ကြီး

ji — Big; large; great in size or importance

တစ်ရပ်

tit-yat — One stop; one community or settlement

လုံး

lone — Whole; entire; all; round shape

ကျဆင်း

kya-hsin — To fall; to decline; to decrease in level

လက်နက်

let-net — Weapon; arms; instrument used in fighting

မဲ့

me — Without; lacking; devoid of something

စိတ်ဝိညာဉ်

sait-win-yan — Spirit; soul; spiritual essence of a being

လဲကျ

le-kya — To fall down; to collapse; to tumble over

မြေကြီး

myay-ji — Earth; ground; soil; the land beneath us

သူ

thu — He; she; that person; third-person pronoun

ကျေးဇူး

kyay-zu — Gratitude; kindness; grace; thank you

တင်ဖွယ်

tin-hpwe — Worthy of offering; deserving of gratitude

အသီး

a-thi — Fruit; the fruit of a plant or tree

အပွင့်

a-pwin — Flower; blossom; the bloom of a plant

ငြင်းဆန်

nyin-hsan — To refuse; to reject; to decline an offer

အမျိုးသမီး

a-myo-tha-mi — Woman; female person; a lady

ပဋိသန္ဓေ

pa-di-than-day — Conception; the beginning of new life

မမြောက်

ma-myout — Not succeeding; failing to achieve or accomplish

ကြပ်ညပ်

kyat-nyat — Crowded; tight; confined in a small space

ငိုကြွေး

ngo-kwe — To weep and lament; to cry out in grief

မြည်တမ်း

myi-tan — To moan; to groan; to cry out sorrowfully

အသက်

a-thet — Life; age; breath; vitality of a person

တစ်ဦး

tit-u — One person; a single individual

သွား

thwa — To go; to leave; teeth

လေ

lay — Wind; air; emphatic or softening particle

ငှက်

hngat — Bird; a feathered flying animal

ပျံသန်း

pyan-than — To fly; to soar through the air

ထက်

htet — Than; more than; comparative particle

ပို

poe — More; even more; to a greater degree

မြန်

myan — Fast; quick; swift in movement or action

မီး

mi — Fire; flame; light; electricity

နတ်ဘုရား

nat-hpu-ya — God; deity; divine being or supernatural entity

အင်အား

in-a — Strength; power; force; military might

ညဦး

nyi-u — Early evening; dusk; beginning of the night

အနောက်

a-nauk — West; the western direction or side

ဘက်

bet — Side; direction; toward; faction or party

ကမ်းခြေ

kan-je — Beach; shore; coastline of the sea

ဆီ

hsi — Oil; toward; in the direction of

သို့

thoe — To; toward; in the direction of (particle)

ကိုယ်စီ

ko-si — Each one; respectively; individually for each

သေဆုံး

thay-hsone — To die; to pass away; to perish

ဖြင့်

hpyin — With; by means of; using (instrumental particle)

ဤသို့

i-thoe — In this way; like this; thus

ဆုံးရှုံး

hsone-shone — To lose; to suffer loss; to be defeated

ကုန်

kone — To finish; goods; to be exhausted or depleted

လျက်

hlyat — While; as; continuous action particle (literary)

အလောင်း

a-laung — Corpse; dead body; lifeless remains

ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်

pat-wun-jin — Environment; surroundings; the area around something

ကူးစက်

ku-set — To infect; to spread disease to others

ပြန့်နှံ့

pyan-hnan — To spread; to diffuse widely throughout an area

စေ

say — Causative particle; to cause or make do

ပြုစု

pyu-su — To care for; to nurture; to tend to someone

စောင့်ရှောက်

saung-shout — To take care of; to protect and look after

မျှ

hmya — Only; just; as much as; equal to

မတွေ့

ma-twe — Not meeting; not finding; unable to encounter

ရ

ya — To get; to obtain; to be able to

ယဇ်ပလ္လင်

yat-pa-lin — Altar; sacrificial platform for religious offerings

လှေကား

hlay-ka — Stairs; staircase; steps leading up or down

ထစ်

htit — Step; rung; a level or notch

ကာ

ka — While; blocking; shielding; continuous action

ဇနီး

za-ni — Wife; a female spouse in marriage

အဖွား

a-hpwa — Grandmother; elderly female ancestor

အို

o — Oh; O (exclamatory address particle)

ဆူညံ

hsu-nyan — Noisy; loud; to make a clamor or din

အောင်

aung — Successfully; in order to achieve; to win

အော်ဟစ်

aw-hit — To shout; to yell; to cry out loudly

ရှည်လျား

shi-lya — Long; lengthy; extended in distance or time

ညည်းတွား

nyi-twa — To groan; to moan in pain or sorrow

ထိုးဖောက်

htoe-hpauk — To pierce; to break through; to penetrate forcefully

ဆုတောင်း

hsu-taung — To pray; to make a wish or supplication

တောင်းလျှောက်

taung-hlout — To petition; to humbly request or appeal

ရောနှော

yaw-hnaw — Mixed; blended; mingled together

ရွှေ

shwe — Gold; the precious yellow metal

နတ်ကောင်း

nat-kaung — Good spirit; benevolent supernatural being

နတ်မြတ်

nat-myat — Noble deity; exalted divine being

မျက်နှာ

myet-hna — Face; countenance; facial expression

ထင်ရှား

htin-sha — Obvious; clear; prominent; well-known

ပေါ်လာ

paw-la — To appear; to emerge; to come into view

တတိယ

ta-ti-ya — Third; the ordinal number three

နေရ

nay-ya — Must stay; obliged to remain in place

ပူလောင်

pu-laung — To burn with heat; to feel scorching or feverish

လေပြင်း

lay-pyin — Strong wind; gale; powerful blowing of air

တိုင်း

tine — Every; throughout; region; to measure

သံကြား

than-ja — To hear a sound; to perceive noise

မပါ

ma-pa — Not included; without; not present or there

ဘဲ

be — Without doing; despite; negative result particle

ခြေလှမ်း

je-hlan — Step; footstep; stride taken while walking

တိုက်ပွဲ

tike-pwe — Battle; combat; a fight or armed conflict

ကဲ့သို့

ke-thoe — Like; as; similar to; in the manner of

ဖြစ်

hpyit — To be; to become; to happen or occur

ရုတ်တရက်

yout-ta-yet — Suddenly; all at once; without warning