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Second Treatise of Government — Page 1

English → It Book II Level 9/10

CHAPTER. I.

CAPITOLO I.

AN ESSAY CONCERNING THE TRUE ORIGINAL, EXTENT AND END OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT

UN SAGGIO RIGUARDANTE LA VERA ORIGINE, L'ESTENSIONE E IL FINE DEL GOVERNO CIVILE

Sect. 1. It having been shewn in the foregoing discourse,

Sez. 1. Avendo dimostrato nel discorso precedente,

(1). That Adam had not, either by natural right of fatherhood, or by positive donation from God, any such authority over his children, or dominion over the world, as is pretended:

(1). Che Adamo non aveva, né per diritto naturale di paternità, né per donazione positiva da Dio, alcuna tale autorità sui suoi figli, o dominio sul mondo, come viene preteso:

(2). That if he had, his heirs, yet, had no right to it:

(2). Che se anche l'avesse avuta, i suoi eredi, tuttavia, non avevano alcun diritto ad essa:

(3). That if his heirs had, there being no law of nature nor positive law of God that determines which is the right heir in all cases that may arise, the right of succession, and consequently of bearing rule, could not have been certainly determined:

(3). Che se i suoi eredi l'avessero avuta, non esistendo alcuna legge di natura né legge positiva di Dio che determini quale sia il legittimo erede in tutti i casi che possono presentarsi, il diritto di successione, e di conseguenza di esercitare il governo, non avrebbe potuto essere determinato con certezza:

(4).

(4).

Vocabulary

CAPITOLO
ka-PEE-to-lo — Chapter; a main division of a book or text.
I
ee — The; masculine plural definite article.
UN
oon — A, an; masculine singular indefinite article.
SAGGIO
SAD-jo — Essay; a piece of analytical or argumentative writing.
RIGUARDANTE
ri-gwar-DAN-te — Concerning, regarding; relating to a specific subject.
LA
la — The; feminine singular definite article.
VERA
VEH-ra — True, real; genuine and not false or fictional.
ORIGINE
o-REE-ji-ne — Origin; the beginning or source of something.
L'
l — The; elided definite article before a vowel.
ESTENSIONE
es-ten-SYOH-ne — Extension, extent; the range or scope of something.
E
eh — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses.
IL
eel — The; masculine singular definite article.
FINE
FEE-ne — End, purpose; the goal or conclusion of something.
DEL
del — Of the; masculine singular contraction of di+il.
GOVERNO
go-VEHR-no — Government; the system ruling and managing a state.
CIVILE
chee-VEE-le — Civil; relating to citizens or organized society.
Avendo
a-VEN-do — Having; gerund of avere, indicating prior action.
dimostrato
di-mo-STRAH-to — Demonstrated, proven; shown to be true with evidence.
nel
nel — In the; masculine singular contraction of in+il.
discorso
dis-KOR-so — Discourse, treatise; a formal spoken or written work.
precedente
pre-che-DEN-te — Previous, preceding; coming before in order or time.
Che
ke — That; conjunction introducing a subordinate clause.
non
non — Not; negation adverb used to deny or negate.
aveva
a-VEH-va — Had; third-person singular imperfect of avere.
né
neh — Neither, nor; conjunction linking negative alternatives.
per
pehr — By, through, for; preposition indicating means or purpose.
diritto
di-REET-to — Right, law; a legal or moral entitlement or claim.
naturale
na-tu-RAH-le — Natural; existing in or caused by nature itself.
di
dee — Of, from; preposition indicating possession or origin.
paternità
pa-tehr-ni-TAH — Paternity, fatherhood; the state of being a father.
donazione
do-na-TSYOH-ne — Donation, grant; something formally given or bestowed.
positiva
po-zi-TEE-va — Positive, explicit; clearly stated or directly given.
da
da — From, by; preposition indicating origin or agent.
Dio
DEE-o — God; the supreme divine being in monotheistic religion.
alcuna
al-KOO-na — Any, some; feminine singular indefinite pronoun or adjective.
tale
TAH-le — Such, such a; referring to something previously mentioned.
autorità
au-to-ri-TAH — Authority, power; the right to command or govern others.
sui
swee — On his, over his; contraction of su+i (masculine plural).
suoi
SWOH-ee — His, her; masculine plural possessive adjective or pronoun.
figli
FEEL-yee — Children, sons; plural of figlio, one's offspring.
o
oh — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative option.
dominio
do-MEE-nyo — Dominion, rule; supreme authority or control over territory.
sul
sool — On the; masculine singular contraction of su+il.
mondo
MON-do — World; the earth and all of humanity upon it.
come
KOH-me — As, how; conjunction or adverb of comparison or manner.
viene
VYEH-ne — Comes, is; third-person singular present of venire.
preteso
pre-TEH-so — Claimed, asserted; alleged without sufficient justification.
se
se — If; conjunction introducing a conditional clause.
anche
AN-ke — Also, even; adverb indicating addition or emphasis.
avesse
a-VES-se — Had; third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of avere.
avuta
a-VOO-ta — Had (f.); feminine past participle of avere.
eredi
e-REH-dee — Heirs; those legally entitled to inherit another's estate.
tuttavia
tut-ta-VEE-a — Nevertheless, yet; adverb indicating contrast or concession.
avevano
a-VEH-va-no — Had; third-person plural imperfect indicative of avere.
alcun
al-KOON — Any; masculine singular indefinite adjective before consonant.
ad
ad — To, at; preposition used before vowels instead of a.
essa
ES-sa — It, her; feminine third-person singular pronoun.
avessero
a-VES-se-ro — Had; third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of avere.
esistendo
e-zis-TEN-do — There being; gerund of esistere, indicating existence.
legge
LED-je — Law; a rule established by authority or custom.
natura
Nature; the innate qualities or the natural world.
che
ke — That, which; relative pronoun or subordinating conjunction.
determini
de-TEHR-mi-ni — Determines; third-person singular present subjunctive of determinare.
quale
KWAH-le — Which, what; interrogative or relative pronoun/adjective.
sia
SEE-a — Is; third-person singular present subjunctive of essere.
legittimo
le-JIT-ti-mo — Legitimate, lawful; conforming to established rules or laws.
erede
e-REH-de — Heir; a person inheriting another's property or title.
in
een — In, at; preposition indicating location or state.
tutti
TOOT-tee — All, every; masculine plural adjective meaning the entirety.
casi
KAH-zi — Cases, situations; particular instances or circumstances.
possono
POS-so-no — Can, are able; third-person plural present of potere.
presentarsi
pre-zen-TAR-si — To present themselves, arise; reflexive infinitive of presentare.
successione
suc-ces-SYOH-ne — Succession; the process of inheriting a title or estate.
conseguenza
kon-se-GWEN-tsa — Consequence; a result or effect following from a cause.
esercitare
e-zer-chi-TAH-re — To exercise, exert; to practice or make use of power.
avrebbe
a-VREB-be — Would have; third-person singular conditional of avere.
potuto
po-TOO-to — Been able; past participle of potere, indicating ability.
essere
ES-se-re — To be; the infinitive of the fundamental linking verb.
determinato
de-tehr-mi-NAH-to — Determined, established; fixed or decided with certainty.
con
kon — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means.
certezza
cher-TET-tsa — Certainty; the state of being completely sure or definite.
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