Second Treatise of Government — Page 1
CHAPTER. I.
第一章。
AN ESSAY CONCERNING THE TRUE ORIGINAL, EXTENT AND END OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT
市民政府の真の起源、範囲および目的に関する論考
Sect. 1. It having been shewn in the foregoing discourse,
第一節。前述の論説において示されたように、
(1). That Adam had not, either by natural right of fatherhood, or by positive donation from God, any such authority over his children, or dominion over the world, as is pretended:
（一）。アダムは、父権という自然権によっても、神からの実定的な賜与によっても、主張されているような、その子供たちに対する権威や世界に対する支配権を持っていなかったこと。
(2). That if he had, his heirs, yet, had no right to it:
（二）。仮に彼がそのような権威を持っていたとしても、その相続人たちはそれに対する権利を持っていなかったこと。
(3). That if his heirs had, there being no law of nature nor positive law of God that determines which is the right heir in all cases that may arise, the right of succession, and consequently of bearing rule, could not have been certainly determined:
（三）。仮にその相続人たちがそのような権利を持っていたとしても、生じうるすべての場合において誰が正当な相続人であるかを定める自然法も神の実定法も存在しないため、相続権、ひいては統治権は確実に決定されえなかったこと。
(4).
（四）。
Vocabulary
- 第
- dai — Ordinal prefix indicating rank or order number
- 一
- ichi — The number one; first
- 章
- shō — Chapter or section of a book
- 市民
- shimin — Citizen; member of a city or state
- 政府
- seifu — Government; ruling administrative body
- の
- no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns
- 真
- shin — True; real; genuine nature of something
- 起源
- kigen — Origin; source; beginning of something
- 範囲
- han'i — Scope; range; extent of something
- および
- oyobi — And; as well as; connecting items formally
- 目的
- mokuteki — Purpose; goal; objective of an action
- に
- ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target
- 関する
- kan suru — To relate to; to concern; regarding something
- 論考
- ronkō — Treatise; scholarly essay examining a topic
- 節
- setsu — Section; clause; subdivision of a chapter
- 前述
- zenjutsu — Aforementioned; stated or mentioned previously above
- 論説
- ronsetsu — Editorial; argumentative essay presenting an opinion
- おいて
- oite — In; at; within a given context or place
- 示された
- shimesareta — Was shown; was demonstrated; was indicated
- よう
- yō — Like; as; in the manner of something
- は
- wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the subject
- 父権
- fuken — Paternal authority; fatherly power over children
- という
- to iu — Called; known as; referred to as
- 自然
- shizen — Nature; natural; occurring without human intervention
- 権
- ken — Right; authority; power or entitlement
- 神
- kami — God; deity; divine being or spirit
- な
- na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns
- 主張
- shuchō — Claim; assertion; argument put forward strongly
- 子供
- kodomo — Child; children; young offspring
- たち
- tachi — Plural suffix for people or living beings
- 対する
- tai suru — To face; to be directed toward something
- 権威
- ken'i — Authority; power; influence over others
- 世界
- sekai — World; the entire earth or universe
- 支配権
- shihaiken — Dominion; right to rule or control others
- を
- wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object
- 持っていなかった
- motte inakatta — Did not have; did not possess something
- 二
- ni — The number two; second
- 仮に
- kari ni — Hypothetically; supposing; even if assumed true
- 彼
- kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun
- が
- ga — Subject marker particle identifying the grammatical subject
- 相続
- sōzoku — Inheritance; succession to property or title
- 人
- hito / jin — Person; human being; individual
- 権利
- kenri — Right; entitlement; legal or moral claim
- 三
- san — The number three; third
- 生じうる
- shōji uru — Can arise; may occur; capable of happening
- すべて
- subete — All; everything; every single case or item
- 場合
- baai — Case; situation; circumstance or occasion
- 誰
- dare — Who; which person; interrogative pronoun
- 正当
- seitō — Legitimate; just; rightful; legally or morally valid
- である
- de aru — To be; formal copula linking subject and predicate
- 定める
- sadameru — To determine; to establish; to set a rule
- 法
- hō — Law; rule; legal code or principle
- 存在
- sonzai — Existence; being; presence of something or someone
- ない
- nai — Not exist; negative form of existence or state
- ため
- tame — Because; for the sake of; due to reason
- 統治
- tōchi — Governance; rule; administration of a territory
- 確実
- kakujitsu — Certain; definite; reliably established without doubt
- 決定
- kettei — Decision; determination; final resolution of matter
- 四
- shi / yon — The number four; fourth
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