Second Treatise of Government — Page 4

Vocabulary

また

mata — Also, again, or furthermore; connecting additional information.

すべて

subete — All, everything, entirely; referring to the whole of something.

の

no — Possessive or attributive particle linking nouns together.

権力

kenryoku — Power, authority, or political influence over others.

と

to — And, with; particle connecting nouns or indicating companionship.

管轄

kankatsu — Jurisdiction, authority, or administrative control over an area.

が

ga — Subject marker particle identifying the grammatical subject.

相互

sōgo — Mutual, reciprocal; relating to both or all parties equally.

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-like' or '-al', forming adjectives from nouns.

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or state of being.

あり

ari — Formal form of 'to be'; exists or is the case.

誰

dare — Who; interrogative pronoun asking about a person's identity.

も

mo — Also, too, even; inclusive particle adding emphasis or inclusion.

他

hoka — Other, another, the rest; referring to something different.

者

mono/sha — Person, one who; suffix or word denoting a person or agent.

より

yori — Than, from; comparative particle or indicating a starting point.

多く

ooku — Many, much, a large amount; adverbial form of 'many'.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object of a verb.

持た

mota — Stem form of 'motsu'; to hold or possess something.

ない

nai — Negation suffix meaning 'not'; indicates absence or negation.

平等

byōdō — Equality, impartiality; the state of being equal among all.

状態

jōtai — State, condition, or situation describing current circumstances.

同じ

onaji — Same, identical; indicating two things are alike or equal.

種

shu — Species, kind, type; a category of living beings or things.

階級

kaikyū — Class, rank, social hierarchy; a tier within a social system.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or indirect object.

属する

zokusuru — To belong to, to be affiliated with a group or category.

生き物

ikimono — Living creature, organism; any being that is alive.

自然

shizen — Nature; the natural world or something occurring naturally.

あらゆる

arayuru — Every, all possible; encompassing every type or instance.

恩恵

onkei — Benefit, blessing, favor; a gift or advantage received.

能力

nōryoku — Ability, capability, capacity to perform a task or function.

使用

shiyō — Use, utilization; the act of employing something for a purpose.

享受

kyōju — Enjoyment, benefit; to receive and appreciate something fully.

する

suru — To do; basic verb expressing action or making something happen.

ため

tame — For, in order to; indicating purpose or benefit of an action.

無差別

musabetsu — Indiscriminate, without distinction; treating all equally regardless.

生まれ

umare — Birth, born; the act of being born or one's origin.

た

ta — Past tense suffix indicating a completed action or state.

以上

ijō — More than, above, since; exceeding a threshold or given that.

彼ら

karera — They, them; third-person plural pronoun referring to people.

全て

subete — All, everything; the complete totality of something mentioned.

主人

shujin — Master, owner, husband; one who has authority or ownership.

支配者

shihaisha — Ruler, governor; a person who controls or dominates others.

その

sono — That, those; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.

意志

ishi — Will, volition, intention; one's deliberate desire or resolve.

明白

meihaku — Obvious, evident, clear; something unmistakably apparent to all.

な

na — Adjectival ending connecting na-adjectives to nouns they modify.

宣言

sengen — Declaration, proclamation; a formal public announcement or statement.

よっ

yot- — Contracted form of 'yotte'; by means of, due to, through.

て

te — Connective particle linking sequential or causal verb phrases.

一者

ichisha — One person, a single individual; referring to a sole entity.

上

ue — Above, on top, upper position; indicating superiority or location.

置き

oki — Placing, setting; stem of 'oku', to place or position something.

明確

meikaku — Clear, definite, precise; something distinctly and explicitly stated.

かつ

katsu — And, moreover, simultaneously; a formal conjunction joining clauses.

明瞭

meiryō — Clear, distinct, lucid; easily understood or perceived without ambiguity.

任命

ninmei — Appointment, nomination; officially designating someone to a position.

支配

shihai — Control, domination, rule; exercising authority over others.

主権

shuken — Sovereignty, supreme authority; the highest political power held.

へ

e — To, toward; directional particle indicating movement or orientation.

疑い

utagai — Doubt, suspicion; uncertainty or lack of conviction about something.

なき

naki — Without, lacking; classical negative form meaning 'having no'.

権利

kenri — Right, entitlement; a legitimate claim or legal privilege.

彼

kare — He, him; third-person singular masculine pronoun in Japanese.

与え

atae — Giving, granting; stem of 'ataeru', to give or bestow something.

限り

kagiri — As long as, limit; to the extent of or within a boundary.

従属

jūzoku — Subordination, dependency; being under the control of another.

や

ya — And, or; particle listing examples from a larger implied set.

服従

fukujū — Obedience, submission; yielding to authority or another's command.

なし

nashi — Without, none; indicating the absence of something specified.

互い

tagai — Each other, one another; reciprocal relationship between parties.

ある

aru — To exist, to be; indicating existence of inanimate things.

べき

beki — Should, ought to; expressing moral obligation or expectation.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, matter; nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the topic of a sentence.

これ

kore — This; proximal demonstrative pronoun referring to nearby thing.

第

dai — Ordinal prefix meaning 'number' or 'the nth'; used with numbers.

節

setsu — Section, clause, paragraph; a division within a larger text.

人間

ningen — Human being, humanity; referring to people as a species.

よる

yoru — To be based on, due to; caused by or attributed to something.

つい

tsui — Unintentionally, inadvertently; doing something without meaning to.

思慮

shiryo — Prudence, discretion, careful consideration before acting.

深い

fukai — Deep, profound; having great depth literally or figuratively.

それ

sore — That; medial demonstrative pronoun referring to something nearby.

自体

jitai — Itself, in itself; emphasizing the thing itself without others.

し

shi — Connective form of 'suru'; and, moreover, listing reasons.

非常

hijō — Extremely, very, exceptional; a high degree of something.

余地

yochi — Room, margin, leeway; space left for something to occur.

見なし

minashi — Regarding as, deeming; to treat or consider something as.

同士

dōshi — Fellow, companions; people sharing the same status or group.

愛

ai — Love, affection; a deep feeling of care for another.

義務

gimu — Duty, obligation; something one is morally or legally required.

基盤

kiban — Foundation, base, groundwork; the underlying basis of something.

負う

ou — To bear, owe, carry; to be responsible for or indebted.

築き

kizuki — Building, constructing; stem of 'kizuku', to build or establish.

そこ

soko — There, that place; medial demonstrative referring to a location.

から

kara — From, because; indicating origin, cause, or starting point.

正義

seigi — Justice, righteousness; the principle of moral rightness and fairness.

慈愛

jiai — Charity, benevolence, compassionate love; caring kindness toward others.

偉大

idai — Great, grand, magnificent; describing something impressively superior.

格言

kakugen — Maxim, proverb, saying; a concise expression of a general truth.

導き出し

michibikidashi — Deriving, drawing out; extracting a conclusion from something.

いる

iru — To be, to exist; indicating the existence of animate beings.