Second Treatise of Government — Page 5

English → Japanese Book II Level 9/10

His words are,

彼の言葉はこうである、

The like natural inducement hath brought men to know that it is no less their duty, to love others than themselves;

同様の自然な動機が、人々に、他者を自分自身と同様に愛することが自らの義務に他ならないと知らしめてきた；

for seeing those things which are equal, must needs all have one measure;

なぜなら、等しいものはすべて同一の尺度を持たなければならないのであるから；

if I cannot but wish to receive good, even as much at every man's hands, as any man can wish unto his own soul, how should I look to have any part of my desire herein satisfied, unless myself be careful to satisfy the like desire, which is undoubtedly in other men, being of one and the same nature?

もし私が、いかなる人も自らの魂に望みうるのと同じだけの善を、あらゆる人の手から受け取ることを望まずにはいられないとすれば、同一の本性を持つ他の人々に疑いなく存在する同様の欲求を満たすよう私自身が心がけない限り、この点において自らの欲求のいかなる部分でも満たされることを期待できるだろうか？

To have any thing offered them repugnant to this desire, must needs in all respects grieve them as much as me;

この欲求に反するものを提示されることは、あらゆる点において、私と同じくらい彼らを苦しめずにはおかない；

so that if I do harm, I must look to suffer, there being no reason that others should shew greater measure of love to me, than they have by me shewed unto them:

それゆえ、もし私が害を与えるならば、苦しみを受けることを覚悟しなければならない。なぜなら、他者が私に対して、私が彼らに示したよりも大きな愛の度合いを示すべき理由はないからである：

my desire therefore to be loved of my equals in nature as much as possible may be, imposeth upon me a natural duty of bearing to them-ward fully the like affection;

それゆえ、本性において私と等しい者たちからできる限り愛されたいという私の欲求は、彼らに対して同様の愛情を十分に抱くという自然の義務を私に課す；

from which relation of equality between ourselves and them that are as ourselves, what several rules and canons natural reason hath drawn, for direction of life, no man is ignorant, Eccl. Pol. Lib. 1.

われわれ自身と、われわれと同様の者たちとの間のこの平等の関係から、自然の理性が生の指針のために引き出した様々な規則や規範について、知らぬ者はいない。『教会政治論』第一巻。

Sect. 6.

第六節。

Vocabulary

彼: kare — He; that person (male third-person pronoun).
の: no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.
言葉: kotoba — Word, language, or expression.
は: wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject.
こう: kō — Like this; in this way.
で: de — Particle indicating means, location, or copula form.
ある: aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate things).
同様: dōyō — Similarly; in the same way or manner.
自然: shizen — Nature; natural; occurring without artificiality.
な: na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.
動機: dōki — Motive; incentive driving a person's action.
が: ga — Subject-marking particle; also marks contrast.
人々: hitobito — People; various individuals in a group.
に: ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or recipient.
他者: tasha — Others; other people distinct from oneself.
を: wo — Object-marking particle for direct objects.
自分: jibun — Oneself; one's own self or identity.
自身: jishin — Oneself; emphasizes personal identity or self.
と: to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.
愛する: aisuru — To love; to feel deep affection for someone.
こと: koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.
自ら: mizukara — Oneself; by one's own initiative or action.
義務: gimu — Duty; obligation one is required to fulfill.
ない: nai — Negative auxiliary; not; does not exist.
て: te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.
き: ki — Past auxiliary indicating completed or ongoing action.
た: ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending.
なぜなら: nazenara — Because; for the reason that follows.
等しい: hitoshii — Equal; identical in value, degree, or amount.
もの: mono — Thing; person; object or abstract matter.
すべて: subete — All; everything; every single item or person.
同一: dōitsu — Identical; exactly the same; one and the same.
尺度: shakudo — Standard; measure; criterion for evaluation.
ば: ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.
なら: nara — Conditional copula; if it is the case that.
から: kara — Because; from; particle indicating cause or origin.
もし: moshi — If; used to introduce a conditional supposition.
私: watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.
いかなる: ikanaru — Any; whatever kind; no matter what type.
人: hito — Person; human being; individual.
も: mo — Also; even; too; inclusive particle.
魂: tamashii — Soul; spirit; inner essence of a person.
望み: nozomi — Hope; wish; desire for something wanted.
うる: uru — Can; potential auxiliary indicating possibility.
同じ: onaji — Same; identical; the very same thing.
だけ: dake — Only; just; to the extent or degree of.
善: zen — Good; virtue; moral goodness or benefit.
あらゆる: arayuru — All; every possible kind or type.
手: te — Hand; means; method of doing something.
受け取る: uketoru — To receive; to accept something given or sent.
ず: zu — Negative suffix; without doing; classical negation.
られ: rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.
本性: honshō — True nature; inherent character of a being.
持つ: motsu — To have; to hold; to possess something.
他: hoka — Other; another; something else besides this.
疑い: utagai — Doubt; suspicion; uncertainty about something.
なく: naku — Without; not having; conjunctive negative form.
存在: sonzai — Existence; being; the state of existing.
する: suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.
欲求: yokkyū — Desire; craving; strong personal want or need.
満たす: mitasu — To satisfy; to fill; to fulfill a desire.
よう: yō — In order to; so that; resembling or like.
心がけ: kokorogake — Mindfulness; keeping something in mind deliberately.
限り: kagiri — As long as; limit; to the extent that.
この: kono — This; referring to something nearby or mentioned.
点: ten — Point; aspect; specific detail or regard.
において: ni oite — In; at; regarding; formal locative expression.
部分: bubun — Part; portion; a section of a whole.
れる: reru — Passive auxiliary suffix indicating being acted upon.
期待: kitai — Expectation; anticipation; hope for an outcome.
できる: dekiru — To be able to; can; is possible.
だろう: darō — Probably; I suppose; conjecture or probability marker.
か: ka — Question particle placed at sentence end.
反する: hansuru — To go against; to contradict; to oppose.
提示: teiji — Presentation; showing; putting forward a proposal.
くらい: kurai — About; approximately; to the degree that.
彼ら: karera — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.
それゆえ: soreyue — Therefore; for that reason; consequently.
害: gai — Harm; damage; injury caused to someone.
与える: ataeru — To give; to grant; to cause harm or benefit.
苦しみ: kurushimi — Suffering; pain; anguish experienced by someone.
受ける: ukeru — To receive; to undergo; to accept something.
覚悟: kakugo — Readiness; resolve; mental preparation for hardship.
し: shi — Conjunctive form of する; and; also lists reasons.
対して: taishite — Toward; against; in relation to something.
より: yori — More than; from; comparative or source particle.
大きな: ōkina — Large; great; big in size or degree.
愛: ai — Love; deep affection or devotion toward others.
度合い: doai — Degree; level; extent or measure of something.
示す: shimesu — To show; to indicate; to demonstrate clearly.
べき: beki — Should; ought to; expressing moral obligation.
理由: riyū — Reason; cause; rationale for an action.
者: mono / sha — Person; one who does or is something.
たち: tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.
たい: tai — Desire suffix; want to do something.
いう: iu — To say; to be called; to express verbally.
愛情: aijō — Affection; love; warm emotional feeling toward others.
十分: jūbun — Sufficient; enough; adequate in amount or degree.
抱く: idaku — To hold; to embrace; to harbor feelings.
課す: kasu — To impose; to assign a duty or burden.
われわれ: wareware — We; us; formal first-person plural pronoun.
間: aida / ma — Between; among; interval of time or space.
平等: byōdō — Equality; fairness; treating all parties the same.
関係: kankei — Relationship; connection; association between entities.
理性: risei — Reason; rationality; logical faculty of the mind.
生: sei / shō — Life; living; existence as a living being.
指針: shishin — Guideline; guiding principle; direction or pointer.
ため: tame — For; in order to; for the sake of.
引き出し: hikidashi — Drawer; to draw out or derive something.
様々: samazama — Various; diverse; a variety of different things.
規則: kisoku — Rule; regulation; established norm of conduct.
や: ya — And; listing particle connecting nouns loosely.
規範: kihan — Norm; standard; model of expected behavior.
について: ni tsuite — About; concerning; regarding a topic or subject.
ぬ: nu — Classical negative suffix; not; does not do.
教会: kyōkai — Church; Christian religious institution or building.
政治: seiji — Politics; governance; political affairs or activity.
論: ron — Theory; discourse; treatise on a subject.
第: dai — Ordinal prefix meaning 'number' or 'the Nth'.
一: ichi — One; the number one; first.
巻: kan — Volume; scroll; a numbered book or chapter.
六: roku — Six; the number six.
節: setsu — Section; verse; clause within a text.

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