Second Treatise of Government — Page 6

English → Japanese Book II Level 9/10

But though this be a state of liberty, yet it is not a state of licence: though man in that state have an uncontroulable liberty to dispose of his person or possessions, yet he has not liberty to destroy himself, or so much as any creature in his possession, but where some nobler use than its bare preservation calls for it.

しかし、これが自由の状態であるとはいえ、それは放縦の状態ではない。その状態にある人間が自己の身体や所有物を処分する抑制しえない自由を持つとはいえ、自己を破壊する自由も、自己の所有する生き物を、単なる保存以上の高尚な用途がそれを必要とする場合を除いて、破壊する自由も持たない。

The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions:

自然状態はそれを統治する自然法を有しており、その法はすべての人を拘束する。そしてその法である理性は、それに従おうとするすべての人類に、すべての人間は平等かつ独立した存在であるから、何人も他者の生命、健康、自由、または所有物を害してはならないことを教える。

for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent, and infinitely wise maker; all the servants of one sovereign master, sent into the world by his order, and about his business; they are his property, whose workmanship they are, made to last during his, not one another's pleasure:

なぜなら、人間はすべて一人の全能にして無限に賢明な創造者の作品であり、一人の主権的な主人の僕であり、その命令によって世界に送り出され、その業務に従事するものだからである。彼らはその作品として、彼の所有物であり、互いの意のままにではなく、彼の意のままに存続するよう作られているのである。

and being furnished with like faculties, sharing all in one community of nature, there cannot be supposed any such subordination among us, that may authorize us to destroy one another, as if we were made for one another's uses, as the inferior ranks of creatures are for our's.

そして、同様の能力を与えられ、自然という一つの共同体をともに分かち合う者として、私たちの間には、下位の生き物たちが私たちのために作られているように、私たちが互いの用のために作られているかのごとく、互いを破壊することを認めるような従属関係が存在するとは想定できないのである。

Vocabulary

しかし: shikashi — Conjunction meaning 'however' or 'but'.
これが: kore ga — 'This is' or 'this being the case'.
自由: jiyuu — Freedom or liberty as a concept.
の: no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.
状態: joutai — State, condition, or situation of something.
で: de — Particle indicating means, location, or context.
ある: aru — To be or to exist (inanimate things).
と: to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.
は: wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar.
いえ: ie — 'Although' or 'even so'; concessive expression.
それ: sore — That; refers to something near the listener.
放縦: houshou — Licentiousness; unrestrained, self-indulgent behavior.
ない: nai — Negation; 'not' or 'does not exist'.
その: sono — That (attributive); modifies a following noun.
に: ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or purpose.
人間: ningen — Human being; mankind as a whole.
が: ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.
自己: jiko — Oneself; the self as a concept.
身体: shintai — The human body; one's physical self.
や: ya — Particle listing examples: 'and', 'or', etc.
所有物: shoyuubutsu — Possessions; things owned by a person.
を: wo — Object marker particle in Japanese grammar.
処分: shobun — Disposal or management of property or matters.
する: suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.
抑制: yokusei — Restraint or suppression of impulses or actions.
し: shi — Conjunctive form of 'suru'; connects clauses.
え: e — Potential verb suffix meaning 'can' or 'able'.
持つ: motsu — To hold, have, or possess something.
破壊: hakai — Destruction or ruin of something.
も: mo — Particle meaning 'also', 'too', or 'even'.
所有: shoyuu — Ownership or possession of property.
生き物: ikimono — Living creature; any living being or organism.
単なる: tan'naru — Mere; nothing more than something specified.
保存: hozon — Preservation or conservation of something.
以上: ijou — More than; beyond a certain level or degree.
高尚: koushou — Noble, lofty, or refined in purpose or character.
な: na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.
用途: youto — Use, purpose, or application of something.
必要: hitsuyou — Necessity; something required or needed.
場合: baai — Case, situation, or circumstance under consideration.
除い: nozoi — Excluding or except for something specified.
て: te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.
持た: mota — Negative stem of 'motsu'; used before negation.
自然: shizen — Nature; the natural world or natural state.
統治: touchi — Governance or rule over a territory or people.
法: hou — Law; a rule or legal principle.
有し: yushi — Possessing or having something (formal usage).
おり: ori — Humble or plain form of 'iru' (to be/exist).
すべて: subete — All, everything, or every person.
人: hito — Person; human being in general.
拘束: kousoku — Restraint or binding obligation on a person.
そし: soshi — Shortened form of 'soshite' meaning 'and then'.
理性: risei — Reason or rationality as a human faculty.
従おう: shitagaou — Volitional form of 'follow' or 'obey'.
人類: jinrui — Humankind; all human beings collectively.
平等: byoudou — Equality; the state of being equal.
かつ: katsu — And; moreover; at the same time (formal).
独立: dokuritsu — Independence; being self-governing or self-sufficient.
た: ta — Past tense auxiliary or adjectival modifier.
存在: sonzai — Existence; the state of being or existing.
から: kara — Particle meaning 'from', 'because', or 'since'.
何人: nanbito / nannin — Anyone; no person (in negative contexts).
他者: tasha — Others; other people distinct from oneself.
生命: seimei — Life; the vital existence of a living being.
健康: kenkou — Health; being in a sound physical condition.
または: mata wa — Or; alternatively (used between two options).
害し: gaishi — To harm or injure someone or something.
なら: nara — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'in that case'.
こと: koto — Thing; nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases.
教える: oshieru — To teach or inform someone about something.
なぜ: naze — Why; asking for a reason or cause.
一人: hitori — One person; alone or a single individual.
全能: zennou — Omnipotence; having unlimited or infinite power.
無限: mugen — Infinite; without limit or boundary.
賢明: kenmei — Wise; showing good judgment and intelligence.
創造者: souzousha — Creator; one who creates or makes something.
作品: sakuhin — Work; a creation such as art or literature.
あり: ari — Formal or literary form of 'aru' (to be).
主権: shuken — Sovereignty; supreme authority over a domain.
的: teki — Suffix forming adjectives meaning '-like' or '-al'.
主人: shujin — Master or owner; head of a household.
僕: shimobe / boku — Servant; also first-person male pronoun (informal).
命令: meirei — Order or command given to someone.
よっ: yot(te) — Shortened 'yotte'; by means of, due to.
世界: sekai — World; the earth or a particular realm.
送り出さ: okuridasa — To send out or dispatch into the world.
れ: re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.
業務: gyoumu — Duty, work, or official business tasks.
従事: juuji — Engagement in or devotion to an occupation.
もの: mono — Thing; person; nominalizing expression in sentences.
だ: da — Copula; plain form of 'is' or 'are'.
彼ら: karera — They; a group of people (third person plural).
彼: kare — He; third-person singular male pronoun.
互い: tagai — Each other; mutual relationship between parties.
意: i — Will, intention, or meaning of something.
まま: mama — As is; unchanged state or condition.
なく: naku — Without; negative conjunctive form of 'nai'.
存続: sonzoku — Continuation or survival of something over time.
よう: you — So that; in order to; expressing purpose/manner.
作ら: tsukura — Stem of 'to make'; used in passive/causative forms.
いる: iru — To exist or be (animate beings); ongoing action.
同様: douyou — Similarly; in the same way or manner.
能力: nouryoku — Ability or capability of a person or thing.
与え: atae — To give or grant something to someone.
られ: rare — Passive or potential auxiliary attached to verbs.
いう: iu — To say or call something by a name.
一つ: hitotsu — One; a single unit of something.
共同体: kyoudoutai — Community; a group sharing common interests or life.
ともに: tomo ni — Together with; along with someone or something.
分かち合う: wakachiau — To share something mutually with others.
者: mono / sha — Person; one who does or belongs to something.
私: watashi — I; first-person singular pronoun (neutral).
たち: tachi — Plural suffix for people: 'we', 'they', etc.
間: aida / ma — Between; among; interval of time or space.
下位: kai — Lower rank or subordinate position in hierarchy.
ため: tame — For the sake of; because of; purpose or cause.
用: you — Use, purpose, or function of something.
か: ka — Question particle or 'whether' in indirect questions.
ごとく: gotoku — Like; as; in the manner of (literary/formal).
認める: mitomeru — To recognize, acknowledge, or admit something.
従属: juuzoku — Subordination; being subject to another's authority.
関係: kankei — Relationship or connection between people or things.
想定: soutei — Assumption or supposition made about a situation.
でき: deki — Stem of 'dekiru'; to be able to do something.

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