Second Treatise of Government — Page 2
That if even that had been determined, yet the knowledge of which is the eldest line of Adam's posterity, being so long since utterly lost, that in the races of mankind and families of the world, there remains not to one above another, the least pretence to be the eldest house, and to have the right of inheritance:
Que mesmo que isso tivesse sido determinado, o conhecimento de qual é a linha mais antiga da posteridade de Adão, estando há tanto tempo completamente perdido, que nas raças da humanidade e nas famílias do mundo, não resta a ninguém acima de outrem, a menor pretensão de ser a casa mais antiga, e de ter o direito de herança:
All these premises having, as I think, been clearly made out, it is impossible that the rulers now on earth should make any benefit, or derive any the least shadow of authority from that, which is held to be the fountain of all power, Adam's private dominion and paternal jurisdiction;
Tendo todas estas premissas sido, a meu ver, claramente demonstradas, é impossível que os governantes agora na terra possam obter qualquer benefício, ou derivar qualquer a menor sombra de autoridade daquilo que é tido como a fonte de todo o poder, o domínio privado de Adão e a jurisdição paternal;
so that he that will not give just occasion to think that all government in the world is the product only of force and violence, and that men live together by no other rules but that of beasts, where the strongest carries it, and so lay a foundation for perpetual disorder and mischief, tumult, sedition and rebellion, (things that the followers of that hypothesis so loudly cry out against) must of necessity find out another rise of government, another original of political power, and another way of designing and knowing the persons that have it, than what Sir Robert Filmer hath taught us.
de modo que aquele que não quiser dar justa ocasião para pensar que todo o governo no mundo é produto apenas da força e da violência, e que os homens vivem juntos por nenhuma outra regra senão a das bestas, onde o mais forte prevalece, e assim lançar um fundamento para a desordem perpétua e o malefício, a turbulência, a sedição e a rebelião, (coisas contra as quais os seguidores dessa hipótese tão ruidosamente clamam) deve necessariamente encontrar outra origem do governo, outra origem do poder político, e outra forma de designar e conhecer as pessoas que o detêm, do que aquela que Sir Robert Filmer nos ensinou.
Sect. 2.
Sect. 2.
Vocabulary
- mesmo
- MEZ-mu — Same; even; itself; used for emphasis
- isso
- EE-su — That; referring to something previously mentioned
- tivesse
- tee-VEH-se — Had; past subjunctive of 'ter' (to have)
- sido
- SEE-du — Been; past participle of 'ser' (to be)
- determinado
- de-ter-mee-NAH-du — Determined; established; decided; specific
- conhecimento
- ko-nye-see-MEN-tu — Knowledge; awareness; understanding of something
- qual
- kwahl — Which; what; relative or interrogative pronoun
- linha
- LEE-nya — Line; lineage; row; sequence or descent
- mais
- mahys — More; most; additional; used in comparisons
- antiga
- an-TEE-ga — Old; ancient; earliest; from a long time ago
- posteridade
- pos-te-ree-DAH-de — Posterity; future generations; descendants collectively
- estando
- es-TAN-du — Being; gerund of 'estar' (to be temporarily)
- há
- ah — There is/are; ago; form of 'haver'
- tanto
- TAN-tu — So much; so long; such a great amount
- tempo
- TEM-pu — Time; period; weather; duration
- completamente
- kom-ple-ta-MEN-te — Completely; entirely; totally; without exception
- perdido
- per-DEE-du — Lost; missing; gone; past participle of 'perder'
- raças
- HHA-sas — Races; ethnic groups; breeds; lineages
- humanidade
- u-ma-nee-DAH-de — Humanity; humankind; the human race collectively
- famílias
- fa-MEE-lyas — Families; household groups; kinship units
- mundo
- MUN-du — World; earth; universe; all people
- resta
- HES-ta — Remains; is left; third person singular of 'restar'
- ninguém
- neen-GAYN — Nobody; no one; not anyone
- acima
- a-SEE-ma — Above; over; higher than; superior to
- outrem
- OH-trayn — Another person; others; someone else
- menor
- me-NOR — Lesser; smaller; minor; less significant
- pretensão
- pre-ten-SAHN — Pretension; claim; aspiration; unfounded assertion
- casa
- KAH-za — House; home; household; dwelling place
- direito
- dee-RAY-tu — Right; law; entitlement; justice
- herança
- e-RAN-sa — Inheritance; heritage; property passed to heirs
- Tendo
- TEN-du — Having; gerund of 'ter'; given that one has
- todas
- TOH-das — All; every; feminine plural of 'todo'
- estas
- ES-tas — These; feminine plural demonstrative pronoun
- premissas
- pre-MEE-sas — Premises; assumptions; foundational propositions
- ver
- ver — To see; view; opinion; infinitive of 'ver'
- claramente
- kla-ra-MEN-te — Clearly; plainly; in an obvious manner
- demonstradas
- de-mons-TRAH-das — Demonstrated; proven; shown; feminine plural past participle
- impossível
- im-po-SEE-vel — Impossible; not able to happen or exist
- governantes
- go-ver-NAN-tes — Rulers; governors; those who govern nations
- agora
- a-GOH-ra — Now; currently; at this moment in time
- terra
- TEH-ha — Earth; land; ground; soil; territory
- possam
- POH-sam — May; can; present subjunctive of 'poder'
- obter
- ob-TER — To obtain; to get; to acquire something
- qualquer
- kwahl-KER — Any; whatever; whichever; any at all
- benefício
- be-ne-FEE-syu — Benefit; advantage; profit; useful outcome
- derivar
- de-ree-VAR — To derive; to draw; to obtain from a source
- sombra
- SOM-bra — Shadow; shade; hint; trace of something
- autoridade
- aw-to-ree-DAH-de — Authority; power; right to command others
- daquilo
- da-KEE-lu — From that; of that; contraction of 'de' and 'aquilo'
- tido
- TEE-du — Considered; regarded; past participle of 'ter'
- como
- KOH-mu — As; like; how; in the manner of
- fonte
- FON-te — Source; fountain; origin; spring of something
- todo
- TOH-du — All; every; whole; entire; complete
- poder
- po-DER — Power; ability; to be able; authority
- domínio
- do-MEE-nyu — Dominion; control; rule; territory under authority
- privado
- pree-VAH-du — Private; personal; not public; restricted to individuals
- jurisdição
- zhu-rees-dee-SAHN — Jurisdiction; legal authority over a territory
- paternal
- pa-ter-NAHL — Paternal; fatherly; relating to a father's authority
- modo
- MOH-du — Way; manner; mode; method of doing something
- aquele
- a-KEH-le — That; that one; masculine singular demonstrative pronoun
- quiser
- kee-ZER — Wants; future subjunctive of 'querer' (to want)
- dar
- dar — To give; to provide; to offer something
- justa
- ZHOOS-ta — Just; fair; rightful; feminine form of 'justo'
- ocasião
- o-ka-ZYAHN — Occasion; opportunity; moment; chance for something
- pensar
- pen-SAR — To think; to reflect; to consider carefully
- governo
- go-VER-nu — Government; governing body; administration of state
- produto
- pro-DU-tu — Product; result; outcome; something produced
- apenas
- a-PE-nas — Only; merely; just; no more than
- força
- FOR-sa — Force; strength; power; physical coercion
- violência
- vyo-LEN-sya — Violence; force; brutality; aggression against others
- homens
- OH-mens — Men; humans; male persons; mankind
- vivem
- VEE-vem — Live; dwell; third person plural of 'viver'
- juntos
- ZHUN-tus — Together; collectively; side by side; united
- nenhuma
- ne-NYOO-ma — No; none; not any; feminine form of 'nenhum'
- outra
- OH-tra — Other; another; different; feminine form of 'outro'
- regra
- HEH-gra — Rule; regulation; norm; guiding principle
- senão
- se-NAHN — Except; but; otherwise; unless; other than
- bestas
- BES-tas — Beasts; wild animals; brutes; savage creatures
- onde
- ON-de — Where; in which; relative adverb of place
- forte
- FOR-te — Strong; powerful; the strongest one prevails
- prevalece
- pre-va-LE-se — Prevails; dominates; wins out over others
- assim
- a-SEEN — Thus; so; in this way; therefore
- lançar
- lan-SAR — To throw; to launch; to lay; to cast
- fundamento
- fun-da-MEN-tu — Foundation; basis; ground; fundamental principle
- desordem
- de-ZOR-dem — Disorder; chaos; confusion; lack of order
- perpétua
- per-PE-twa — Perpetual; everlasting; continuous; without end
- malefício
- ma-le-FEE-syu — Harm; evil deed; malicious act; wrongdoing
- turbulência
- tur-bu-LEN-sya — Turbulence; unrest; upheaval; political instability
- sedição
- se-dee-SAHN — Sedition; incitement to rebellion against authority
- rebelião
- he-be-LYAHN — Rebellion; revolt; uprising against established power
- coisas
- KOY-zas — Things; objects; matters; items of any kind
- contra
- KON-tra — Against; opposing; contrary to something
- quais
- kwahys — Which; what; plural relative or interrogative pronoun
- seguidores
- se-gee-DOH-res — Followers; supporters; adherents of a doctrine
- dessa
- DEH-sa — Of this; from this; contraction of 'de' and 'essa'
- hipótese
- ee-POH-te-ze — Hypothesis; supposition; assumed theoretical position
- tão
- tahn — So; such; as; to such a degree
- ruidosamente
- hwee-do-za-MEN-te — Noisily; loudly; with great clamor or outcry
- clamam
- KLA-mam — Clamor; cry out; shout; third person plural of 'clamar'
- deve
- DEH-ve — Must; should; ought to; third person of 'dever'
- necessariamente
- ne-se-sa-rya-MEN-te — Necessarily; inevitably; as a required consequence
- encontrar
- en-kon-TRAR — To find; to encounter; to meet; to discover
- origem
- o-REE-zhem — Origin; source; beginning; starting point
- político
- po-LEE-tee-ku — Political; relating to governance and state power
- forma
- FOR-ma — Form; way; manner; shape; method
- designar
- de-zig-NAR — To designate; to appoint; to name officially
- conhecer
- ko-nye-SER — To know; to be acquainted with someone or something
- pessoas
- pe-SOH-as — People; persons; individuals; human beings
- detêm
- de-TAYN — Hold; possess; third person plural of 'deter'
- aquela
- a-KEH-la — That; that one; feminine singular demonstrative pronoun
- nos
- nus — Us; to us; first person plural object pronoun
- ensinou
- en-see-NOH — Taught; showed; past tense of 'ensinar' (to teach)
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