Second Treatise of Government — Page 1

English → Chinese Book II Level 9/10

CHAPTER. I.

第一章

AN ESSAY CONCERNING THE TRUE ORIGINAL, EXTENT AND END OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT

论政府的真正起源、范围和目的

Sect. 1. It having been shewn in the foregoing discourse,

第一节。在前文的论述中，已经阐明了以下几点：

(1). That Adam had not, either by natural right of fatherhood, or by positive donation from God, any such authority over his children, or dominion over the world, as is pretended:

（一）亚当无论是凭借父权的自然权利，还是凭借上帝的明确赐予，都不曾拥有如所声称的那种对其子女的权威，或对世界的支配权：

(2). That if he had, his heirs, yet, had no right to it:

（二）即便他曾拥有，其继承人也无权继承：

(3). That if his heirs had, there being no law of nature nor positive law of God that determines which is the right heir in all cases that may arise, the right of succession, and consequently of bearing rule, could not have been certainly determined:

（三）即便其继承人拥有此权，由于既无自然法则，也无上帝的明文法规来确定在一切可能发生的情况下谁是合法继承人，继承权以及由此而来的统治权便无从确定：

(4).

（四）

Vocabulary

第: dì — Ordinal prefix indicating sequence or rank
一: yī — The number one; first
章: zhāng — Chapter or section of a book
论: lùn — To discuss or argue about a topic
政府: zhèngfǔ — Government; the ruling administrative body
的: de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification
真正: zhēnzhèng — True, genuine, or real in nature
起源: qǐyuán — Origin or source of something
范围: fànwéi — Scope, range, or extent of something
和: hé — And; connecting two or more items
目的: mùdì — Purpose, goal, or objective of an action
节: jié — Section or subsection within a chapter
在: zài — In, at, or located at a place
前文: qiánwén — Previous text or earlier passages above
论述: lùnshù — To expound or elaborate on a topic
中: zhōng — In, within, or among something
已经: yǐjīng — Already; indicating something has occurred before
阐明: chǎnmíng — To clarify or elucidate a point clearly
了: le — Particle indicating completed action or change
以下: yǐxià — The following; below in a list
几点: jǐ diǎn — Several points or items to be noted
亚当: Yàdāng — Adam; the biblical first man
无论: wúlùn — Regardless of; no matter what the case
是: shì — Is; to be; affirmative copula verb
凭借: píngjiè — By means of; relying on something
父权: fùquán — Paternal authority or patriarchal power
自然: zìrán — Nature; natural; occurring without external force
权利: quánlì — Right or entitlement belonging to someone
还是: háishi — Or; still; used in alternative questions
上帝: Shàngdì — God; the supreme deity in monotheism
明确: míngquè — Explicit, clear, or unambiguous in meaning
赐予: cìyǔ — To grant or bestow upon someone officially
都: dōu — All, both, or in every case
不曾: bùcéng — Never had; did not at any time
拥有: yōngyǒu — To possess or own something
如: rú — As; like; such as in comparison
所: suǒ — Particle used before verbs indicating passive action
声称: shēngchēng — To claim or assert something publicly
那种: nà zhǒng — That kind or type of thing
对: duì — Toward; regarding; directed at something
其: qí — His, her, its; third-person literary pronoun
子女: zǐnǚ — Children; sons and daughters collectively
权威: quánwēi — Authority or prestige commanding obedience
或: huò — Or; either; used between alternatives
世界: shìjiè — The world; the entire globe or earth
支配权: zhīpèiquán — Right to dominate or control over others
二: èr — Two; second in an enumerated list
即便: jíbiàn — Even if; even though; conceding a condition
他: tā — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun
曾: céng — Once; formerly; at a past time
继承人: jìchéngrén — Heir; person who inherits property or title
也: yě — Also, too; likewise in a sentence
无权: wúquán — Having no right or authority to act
继承: jìchéng — To inherit property, title, or position
三: sān — Three; third in an enumerated list
此: cǐ — This; referring to something just mentioned
权: quán — Power, right, or authority over others
由于: yóuyú — Due to; because of a certain reason
既: jì — Since; given that; both…and construction
无: wú — Without; lacking; there is no something
法则: fǎzé — Law, rule, or principle governing conduct
明文: míngwén — Written explicitly; stated in clear text
法规: fǎguī — Regulations or legal rules formally established
来: lái — To come; used as a purposive connector
确定: quèdìng — To determine or establish something definitively
一切: yīqiè — All; every possible thing or situation
可能: kěnéng — Possible; perhaps; may or might occur
发生: fāshēng — To happen or occur; take place
情况: qíngkuàng — Situation, circumstance, or state of affairs
下: xià — Under; below; in a given context
谁: shuí — Who; which person in a question
合法: héfǎ — Legal; lawful; in accordance with law
继承权: jìchéngquán — Right of inheritance; legal claim to inherit
以及: yǐjí — As well as; and also; including additionally
由此: yóucǐ — From this; thereby; consequently arising from
而来: ér lái — Coming from; derived or resulting from something
统治权: tǒngzhìquán — Right or power to rule and govern
便: biàn — Then; consequently; as a result
无从: wúcóng — Have no way to; unable to do
四: sì — Four; fourth in an enumerated list

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