Second Treatise of Government — Page 3

English → Chinese Book II Level 9/10

To this purpose, I think it may not be amiss, to set down what I take to be political power; that the power of a MAGISTRATE over a subject may be distinguished from that of a FATHER over his children, a MASTER over his servant, a HUSBAND over his wife, and a LORD over his slave.

为此目的，我认为有必要阐明我所理解的政治权力；以便将官员对臣民的权力，与父亲对子女的权力、主人对仆人的权力、丈夫对妻子的权力，以及主人对奴隶的权力区分开来。

All which distinct powers happening sometimes together in the same man, if he be considered under these different relations, it may help us to distinguish these powers one from wealth, a father of a family, and a captain of a galley.

所有这些不同的权力有时会集中于同一个人身上，若从这些不同的关系来考察他，这将有助于我们将这些权力彼此区分开来，例如一个拥有财富的人、一家之父，以及一艘战船的船长。

Sect. 3. POLITICAL POWER, then, I take to be a RIGHT of making laws with penalties of death, and consequently all less penalties, for the regulating and preserving of property, and of employing the force of the community, in the execution of such laws, and in the defence of the commonwealth from foreign injury; and all this only for the public good.

第三节。那么，我认为政治权力是一种制定法律的权利，这些法律附有死刑及相应的较轻刑罚，用以规范和保护财产，并动用社会力量来执行此类法律，以及保卫国家免受外来侵害；而这一切均只为公共利益。

CHAPTER. II.

第二章。

OF THE STATE OF NATURE.

论自然状态。

Sect. 4. TO understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider, what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man.

第四节。要正确理解政治权力并追溯其起源，我们必须考察所有人天然所处的状态，那是一种完全自由的状态，人们可以在自然法的范围内，按照自己认为合适的方式支配自己的行动和处置自己的财产与人身，无需征得他人许可，也不依赖任何他人的意志。

Vocabulary

为: wèi — for; in order to; for the purpose of
此: cǐ — this; these; such
目的: mùdì — purpose; goal; objective
我: wǒ — I; me; first person singular pronoun
认为: rènwéi — to think; to believe; to consider
有: yǒu — to have; there is; to exist
必要: bìyào — necessary; essential; indispensable
阐明: chǎnmíng — to clarify; to explain clearly; to elucidate
所: suǒ — particle used before verbs to nominalize them
理解: lǐjiě — to understand; comprehension; understanding
的: de — structural particle indicating possession or modification
政治: zhèngzhì — politics; political affairs
权力: quánlì — power; authority; political power
以便: yǐbiàn — so as to; in order to facilitate
将: jiāng — will; to be going to; future marker
官员: guānyuán — official; government officer; bureaucrat
对: duì — toward; with regard to; facing
臣民: chénmín — subjects; people under a ruler's authority
与: yǔ — and; with; together with
父亲: fùqīn — father; male parent
子女: zǐnǚ — children; sons and daughters
主人: zhǔrén — master; host; owner
仆人: púrén — servant; domestic worker; attendant
丈夫: zhàngfu — husband; married man
妻子: qīzi — wife; married woman
以及: yǐjí — as well as; along with; and
奴隶: núlì — slave; person owned by another
区分: qūfēn — to distinguish; to differentiate; to separate
开来: kāilái — apart; used after verbs to indicate separation
所有: suǒyǒu — all; every; all of; to own
这些: zhèxiē — these; these ones; referring to nearby items
不同: bùtóng — different; distinct; not the same
有时: yǒushí — sometimes; at times; occasionally
会: huì — will; can; able to; likely to
集中: jízhōng — to concentrate; to centralize; to focus
于: yú — in; at; on; preposition of location or time
同一个: tóngyīgè — the same one; one and the same
人: rén — person; human being; people
身上: shēnshang — on one's body; on a person
若: ruò — if; supposing; in the event that
从: cóng — from; since; following; through
关系: guānxi — relationship; connection; ties between people
来: lái — to come; used after verbs indicating direction
考察: kǎochá — to investigate; to examine; to study closely
他: tā — he; him; third person masculine pronoun
这: zhè — this; indicating something nearby
有助于: yǒuzhùyú — to be helpful to; to contribute to; to aid
我们: wǒmen — we; us; first person plural pronoun
彼此: bǐcǐ — each other; one another; mutually
例如: lìrú — for example; for instance; such as
一个: yīgè — one; a single; one piece of
拥有: yōngyǒu — to possess; to own; to have
财富: cáifù — wealth; riches; fortune; assets
一家之父: yījiāzhīfù — father of a household; head of a family
一艘: yīsōu — one ship; a single vessel (measure word)
战船: zhànchuán — warship; battle vessel; military ship
船长: chuánzhǎng — captain; commander of a ship
第: dì — ordinal prefix; used before numbers to rank
那么: nàme — then; in that case; so; therefore
是: shì — to be; is; am; are; yes
一种: yīzhǒng — a kind of; a type of; a sort of
制定: zhìdìng — to formulate; to establish; to enact laws
法律: fǎlǜ — law; legal code; legislation
权利: quánlì — right; entitlement; legal right
附有: fùyǒu — to be attached with; to carry; to include
死刑: sǐxíng — death penalty; capital punishment
及: jí — and; as well as; reaching to
相应: xiāngyìng — corresponding; appropriate; relevant
较轻: jiàoqīng — relatively lighter; less severe; milder
刑罚: xíngfá — punishment; penalty; criminal sentence
用以: yòngyǐ — used to; in order to; so as to
规范: guīfàn — to regulate; norm; standard; to standardize
和: hé — and; together with; harmonious
保护: bǎohù — to protect; to safeguard; protection
财产: cáichǎn — property; assets; possessions
并: bìng — and; furthermore; moreover; simultaneously
动用: dòngyòng — to mobilize; to deploy; to make use of
社会: shèhuì — society; community; social
力量: lìliang — strength; force; power; capability
执行: zhíxíng — to execute; to carry out; to implement
此类: cǐlèi — this kind; such type; of this category
保卫: bǎowèi — to defend; to protect; to guard against
国家: guójiā — country; nation; state
免受: miǎnshòu — to be exempt from; to avoid suffering harm
外来: wàilái — external; coming from outside; foreign
侵害: qīnhài — infringement; harm; to encroach upon
而: ér — and; but; yet; transitional conjunction
这一切: zhè yīqiè — all of this; everything mentioned above
均: jūn — all; without exception; equally; uniformly
只为: zhǐwèi — solely for; only for; merely for the sake of
公共: gōnggòng — public; communal; shared by all
利益: lìyì — benefit; interest; profit; advantage
论: lùn — to discuss; concerning; theory; discourse
自然: zìrán — nature; natural; naturally; of course
状态: zhuàngtài — state; condition; status; situation
要: yào — to want; must; need to; important
正确: zhèngquè — correct; accurate; right; proper
追溯: zhuīsù — to trace back; to go back to the origin
其: qí — its; his; her; their; that
起源: qǐyuán — origin; source; to originate from
必须: bìxū — must; have to; obligatory; required
天然: tiānrán — natural; innate; occurring in nature
所处: suǒchǔ — the place or state one is in
那: nà — that; those; indicating something distant
完全: wánquán — completely; entirely; fully; total
自由: zìyóu — freedom; liberty; free; unrestricted
人们: rénmen — people; people in general; folks
可以: kěyǐ — can; may; allowed to; permissible
在: zài — at; in; on; to be present at
自然法: zìránfǎ — natural law; law of nature
范围: fànwéi — scope; range; boundary; extent
内: nèi — inside; within; interior
按照: ànzhào — according to; in accordance with; following
自己: zìjǐ — oneself; self; one's own
合适: héshì — suitable; appropriate; fitting; proper
方式: fāngshì — method; manner; way; mode
支配: zhīpèi — to dominate; to control; to direct; to govern
行动: xíngdòng — action; to act; to take action; move
处置: chǔzhì — to handle; to deal with; to dispose of
人身: rénshēn — person; one's body; personal safety
无需: wúxū — no need to; without requiring; unnecessary
征得: zhēngdé — to obtain; to seek and receive permission
他人: tārén — other people; others; another person
许可: xǔkě — permission; to permit; to allow; consent
也: yě — also; too; as well; likewise
不: bù — not; no; negation particle
依赖: yīlài — to depend on; to rely on; dependence
任何: rènhé — any; whatever; whichever; any kind of
意志: yìzhì — will; willpower; determination; volition

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