Second Treatise of Government — Page 4

English → Chinese Book II Level 9/10

A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another; there being nothing more evident, than that creatures of the same species and rank, promiscuously born to all the same advantages of nature, and the use of the same faculties, should also be equal one amongst another without subordination or subjection, unless the lord and master of them all should, by any manifest declaration of his will, set one above another, and confer on him, by an evident and clear appointment, an undoubted right to dominion and sovereignty.

这也是一种平等的状态，其中一切权力与管辖均属相互对等，无人凌驾于他人之上；没有什么比这更显而易见的了：同一物种与等级的生灵，无差别地生来便享有自然所赋予的一切相同优势，以及使用相同能力的权利，彼此之间理应也是平等的，不存在从属或隶属关系，除非他们共同的主宰与统治者，以某种明确的意志宣示，将某人置于他人之上，并通过明白清晰的任命，赋予其对统治与主权无可置疑的权利。

Sect. 5. This equality of men by nature, the judicious Hooker looks upon as so evident in itself, and beyond all question, that he makes it the foundation of that obligation to mutual love amongst men, on which he builds the duties they owe one another, and from whence he derives the great maxims of justice and charity.

第五节。关于人类在自然状态下的这种平等，明智的胡克尔认为其本身已是不言而喻、毋庸置疑的，以至于他将其作为人与人之间相互爱护这一义务的基础，并在此基础上构建人们彼此负有的责任，并由此推导出正义与慈善的重要准则。

Vocabulary

这: zhè — This; used to indicate something nearby.
也是: yě shì — Also is; likewise; similarly.
一种: yī zhǒng — A kind of; a type of something.
平等: píng děng — Equality; the state of being equal.
的: de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.
状态: zhuàng tài — State; condition; situation of something.
其中: qí zhōng — Among which; within that; therein.
一切: yī qiè — All; everything; every single thing.
权力: quán lì — Power; authority; political or official power.
与: yǔ — And; with; together with.
管辖: guǎn xiá — Jurisdiction; to have authority over an area.
均属: jūn shǔ — All belong to; are all categorized as.
相互: xiāng hù — Mutual; reciprocal; each with the other.
对等: duì děng — Equal; reciprocal; on equal terms.
无人: wú rén — No one; nobody; no person present.
凌驾: líng jià — To override; to dominate; to rise above others.
于: yú — At; in; on; preposition indicating location or object.
他人: tā rén — Other people; others; another person.
之上: zhī shàng — Above; over; on top of something.
没有: méi yǒu — Do not have; there is no; without.
什么: shén me — What; anything; used in questions or negation.
比: bǐ — Than; compared to; to compare.
更: gèng — Even more; still more; to a greater degree.
显而易见: xiǎn ér yì jiàn — Obvious; self-evident; clearly visible to all.
了: le — Particle indicating completion or changed situation.
同一: tóng yī — The same; identical; one and the same.
物种: wù zhǒng — Species; a biological classification of organisms.
等级: děng jí — Grade; rank; level; hierarchy.
生灵: shēng líng — Living beings; creatures; all living things.
无差别: wú chā bié — Without distinction; no difference; indiscriminate.
地: de — Adverbial particle linking adverb to verb.
生来: shēng lái — By birth; from birth; innately; naturally born.
便: biàn — Then; thus; consequently; right away.
享有: xiǎng yǒu — To enjoy; to possess a right or privilege.
自然: zì rán — Nature; natural; occurring without human intervention.
所: suǒ — Particle used before verb indicating passive or nominalization.
赋予: fù yǔ — To bestow; to endow; to grant something to someone.
相同: xiāng tóng — The same; identical; alike in every way.
优势: yōu shì — Advantage; superiority; dominant position.
以及: yǐ jí — As well as; and also; together with.
使用: shǐ yòng — To use; to employ; to make use of.
能力: néng lì — Ability; capability; skill or capacity to do something.
权利: quán lì — Right; entitlement; a legal or moral claim.
彼此: bǐ cǐ — Each other; one another; mutually.
之间: zhī jiān — Between; among; in the middle of.
理应: lǐ yīng — Should rightfully; ought to by reason.
不存在: bù cún zài — Does not exist; there is no such thing.
从属: cóng shǔ — Subordination; being subject to another's authority.
或: huò — Or; either; alternatively.
隶属: lì shǔ — To be subordinate to; to be affiliated with.
关系: guān xi — Relationship; connection; association between things.
除非: chú fēi — Unless; except if; only if not.
他们: tā men — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.
共同: gòng tóng — Together; jointly; common to all parties.
主宰: zhǔ zǎi — To dominate; to rule; supreme controller.
统治者: tǒng zhì zhě — Ruler; governor; one who holds governing power.
以: yǐ — By means of; using; with; in order to.
某种: mǒu zhǒng — A certain kind of; some type of.
明确: míng què — Clear; explicit; definite; unambiguous.
意志: yì zhì — Will; willpower; determination; volition.
宣示: xuān shì — To declare; to proclaim; to make an official announcement.
将: jiāng — Will; shall; about to; future action marker.
某人: mǒu rén — A certain person; someone; a particular individual.
置于: zhì yú — To place at; to put in a position.
并: bìng — And; moreover; simultaneously; in addition.
通过: tōng guò — Through; by means of; to pass through.
明白: míng bai — Clear; to understand; to comprehend something fully.
清晰: qīng xī — Clear; distinct; sharp and easy to understand.
任命: rèn mìng — To appoint; official designation to a position.
其: qí — His; her; its; their; that particular one's.
对: duì — Toward; regarding; correct; facing.
统治: tǒng zhì — To rule; to govern; governance over a territory.
主权: zhǔ quán — Sovereignty; supreme authority over a state.
无可置疑: wú kě zhì yí — Undeniable; beyond doubt; impossible to question.
第: dì — Prefix for ordinal numbers; the (first, second...).
五节: wǔ jié — Section five; the fifth section or paragraph.
关于: guān yú — About; regarding; concerning a topic.
人类: rén lèi — Humanity; humankind; the human species.
在: zài — At; in; on; to be present at a place.
下: xià — Under; below; beneath; next; downward.
这种: zhè zhǒng — This kind of; this type of; such a.
明智: míng zhì — Wise; sensible; showing good judgment.
认为: rèn wéi — To think; to believe; to consider something true.
本身: běn shēn — Itself; in itself; by its very nature.
已是: yǐ shì — Already is; has already become; is now.
不言而喻: bù yán ér yù — Goes without saying; self-evident; needless to explain.
毋庸置疑: wú yōng zhì yí — Beyond doubt; unquestionable; absolutely certain.
以至于: yǐ zhì yú — To such an extent that; so much that.
他: tā — He; him; third-person singular male pronoun.
作为: zuò wéi — As; in the capacity of; to act as.
人: rén — Person; people; human being.
爱护: ài hù — To cherish; to care for; to protect tenderly.
这一: zhè yī — This one; this particular; this specific thing.
义务: yì wù — Duty; obligation; a responsibility one must fulfill.
基础: jī chǔ — Foundation; basis; the underlying support for something.
此: cǐ — This; here; referring to what was just mentioned.
基础上: jī chǔ shàng — On the basis of; building upon a foundation.
构建: gòu jiàn — To build; to construct; to establish a framework.
人们: rén men — People; folks; people in general.
负有: fù yǒu — To bear; to have an obligation or responsibility.
责任: zé rèn — Responsibility; duty; accountability for one's actions.
由此: yóu cǐ — From this; thereby; as a result of this.
推导出: tuī dǎo chū — To derive; to deduce; to conclude through reasoning.
正义: zhèng yì — Justice; righteousness; what is morally right.
慈善: cí shàn — Charity; benevolence; kindness toward others.
重要: zhòng yào — Important; significant; of great importance.
准则: zhǔn zé — Principle; norm; standard rule of conduct.

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