Second Treatise of Government — Page 6

English → Chinese Book II Level 9/10

But though this be a state of liberty, yet it is not a state of licence: though man in that state have an uncontroulable liberty to dispose of his person or possessions, yet he has not liberty to destroy himself, or so much as any creature in his possession, but where some nobler use than its bare preservation calls for it.

但是，虽然这是一种自由的状态，却并非一种放纵的状态：虽然人在这种状态中拥有不可限制的自由来支配自己的人身或财产，但他并没有自由去毁灭自己，甚至没有自由去毁灭他所拥有的任何生物，除非有某种比单纯保存它更为崇高的用途需要如此。

The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions:

自然状态有一部自然法来治理它，这部法律约束着每一个人：而理性，即那部法律，教导所有愿意加以思考的人类，由于人人平等而独立，任何人都不应当伤害他人的生命、健康、自由或财产：

for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent, and infinitely wise maker; all the servants of one sovereign master, sent into the world by his order, and about his business; they are his property, whose workmanship they are, made to last during his, not one another's pleasure:

因为人类都是一位全能而无限智慧的造物主的作品；都是同一位至高主宰的仆人，奉他的命令被派入这个世界，为他的事业而存在；他们是他的财产，是他的杰作，被造来延续于他的意志之中，而非彼此的意愿之中：

and being furnished with like faculties, sharing all in one community of nature, there cannot be supposed any such subordination among us, that may authorize us to destroy one another, as if we were made for one another's uses, as the inferior ranks of creatures are for our's.

而且，由于人类被赋予了相似的能力，共同分享同一个自然共同体，我们之间不可能存在任何这样的从属关系，足以授权我们相互毁灭，仿佛我们生来是为了彼此的利用，就如同低等生物生来是为了我们的利用一样。

Vocabulary

但是: dànshì — However; used to introduce a contrasting clause.
虽然: suīrán — Although; even though; introduces a concessive clause.
这: zhè — This; demonstrative pronoun indicating something nearby.
是: shì — To be; linking verb indicating identity or equality.
一种: yī zhǒng — A kind of; one type of something.
自由: zìyóu — Freedom; liberty; the state of being free.
的: de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.
状态: zhuàngtài — State; condition; the current situation of something.
却: què — Yet; but; indicates contrast or unexpected result.
并非: bìngfēi — Is definitely not; emphatically negates a statement.
放纵: fàngzòng — Licentiousness; self-indulgence; unrestrained behavior.
人: rén — Person; human being; people.
在: zài — In; at; existing within a place or state.
这种: zhè zhǒng — This kind of; this type of.
中: zhōng — In; within; inside a state or place.
拥有: yōngyǒu — To possess; to own; to have something.
不可: bùkě — Cannot; must not; impermissible or impossible.
限制: xiànzhì — To restrict; to limit; a constraint on something.
来: lái — To come; also used as a purposive complement.
支配: zhīpèi — To control; to dominate; to dispose of something.
自己: zìjǐ — Oneself; one's own self.
人身: rénshēn — Person; one's body and personal freedom.
或: huò — Or; either; used to connect alternatives.
财产: cáichǎn — Property; assets; material possessions one owns.
但: dàn — But; however; introduces a contrasting idea.
他: tā — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun.
并没有: bìng méiyǒu — Emphatically does not have; definitely lacks something.
去: qù — To go; also used before verbs to indicate purpose.
毁灭: huǐmiè — To destroy; to annihilate; to cause total ruin.
甚至: shènzhì — Even; to the extent that; going so far as.
没有: méiyǒu — To not have; there is no; lacking something.
所: suǒ — Particle used before verbs to nominalize them.
任何: rènhé — Any; any whatsoever; used in negative or conditional contexts.
生物: shēngwù — Living organism; creature; any form of life.
除非: chúfēi — Unless; only if; introduces an exception condition.
有: yǒu — To have; there is; indicates existence or possession.
某种: mǒu zhǒng — Some kind of; a certain type of something.
比: bǐ — Than; compared to; used in comparative sentences.
单纯: dānchún — Simple; pure; straightforward without complexity.
保存: bǎocún — To preserve; to conserve; to keep something intact.
它: tā — It; third-person pronoun for non-human things.
更为: gèng wéi — Even more; to a greater degree than before.
崇高: chónggāo — Lofty; noble; of high moral or spiritual value.
用途: yòngtú — Use; purpose; the intended application of something.
需要: xūyào — To need; to require; a necessity or demand.
如此: rúcǐ — Thus; in this way; like this or so.
自然: zìrán — Nature; natural; the physical world around us.
一部: yī bù — One part; one volume; a piece of something.
自然法: zìránfǎ — Law of nature; natural law governing all beings.
治理: zhìlǐ — To govern; to manage; to administer a system.
这部: zhè bù — This part; this volume; referring to a specific work.
法律: fǎlǜ — Law; legal rules governing society and behavior.
约束: yuēshù — To constrain; to bind; to restrict behavior or action.
着: zhe — Particle indicating ongoing action or state.
每一个: měi yī gè — Every single one; each individual person or thing.
而: ér — And; yet; a conjunction linking clauses.
理性: lǐxìng — Reason; rationality; the capacity for logical thought.
即: jí — That is; namely; in other words.
那部: nà bù — That part; that volume; referring to something mentioned.
教导: jiāodǎo — To teach; to instruct; to guide someone morally.
所有: suǒyǒu — All; every; all that exists or belongs.
愿意: yuànyì — To be willing; to consent; to desire to do.
加以: jiāyǐ — To apply; to carry out; to proceed with an action.
思考: sīkǎo — To think; to reflect; to ponder carefully.
人类: rénlèi — Humankind; humanity; the human species as a whole.
由于: yóuyú — Due to; because of; on account of a reason.
人人: rénrén — Everyone; every person without exception.
平等: píngděng — Equal; equality; having the same rights and status.
独立: dúlì — Independent; autonomy; free from external control.
都: dōu — All; both; indicating universality among a group.
不应当: bù yīngdāng — Should not; ought not to; morally impermissible action.
伤害: shānghài — To harm; to injure; to cause damage to someone.
他人: tārén — Others; other people; those besides oneself.
生命: shēngmìng — Life; the state of being alive.
健康: jiànkāng — Health; healthy; a state of physical well-being.
因为: yīnwèi — Because; since; introduces a reason or cause.
都是: dōu shì — All are; they are all; universally equated to something.
一位: yī wèi — One (person); a respectful counter for persons.
全能: quánnéng — Omnipotent; all-powerful; having unlimited power.
无限: wúxiàn — Infinite; unlimited; without boundaries or end.
智慧: zhìhuì — Wisdom; profound understanding and good judgment.
造物主: zàowùzhǔ — Creator; the maker of all living things; God.
作品: zuòpǐn — Work; creation; a product of artistic or divine effort.
同一位: tóng yī wèi — The same one (person); referring to the same individual.
至高: zhìgāo — Supreme; highest; of the utmost rank or authority.
主宰: zhǔzǎi — Sovereign; master; one who controls and rules all.
仆人: púrén — Servant; one who serves a master or employer.
奉: fèng — To receive respectfully; to act on an order.
命令: mìnglìng — Order; command; an authoritative directive given.
被: bèi — Passive marker; indicates the subject receives an action.
派入: pài rù — To send into; to dispatch someone into a place.
这个: zhège — This; this particular one; a demonstrative determiner.
世界: shìjiè — World; the earth; all of existence around us.
为: wèi — For; for the sake of; on behalf of someone.
事业: shìyè — Cause; enterprise; a meaningful undertaking or career.
存在: cúnzài — To exist; existence; the state of being present.
他们: tāmen — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.
杰作: jiézuò — Masterpiece; outstanding work; finest creation achieved.
被造: bèi zào — To be created; made by a creator or designer.
延续: yánxù — To continue; to extend; to carry on over time.
于: yú — In; at; within; a classical preposition of location.
意志: yìzhì — Will; volition; the power of conscious decision-making.
之中: zhī zhōng — Within; among; in the midst of something.
而非: ér fēi — Rather than; instead of; not the other option.
彼此: bǐcǐ — Each other; one another; mutual relationship between parties.
意愿: yìyuàn — Wish; desire; one's personal will or inclination.
而且: érqiě — Moreover; furthermore; in addition to what was said.
赋予: fùyǔ — To endow; to bestow; to grant qualities or rights.
了: le — Particle indicating completed action or change of state.
相似: xiāngsì — Similar; resembling each other; having common features.
能力: nénglì — Ability; capability; the power to do something.
共同: gòngtóng — Common; joint; shared by all parties involved.
分享: fēnxiǎng — To share; to enjoy something together with others.
同一个: tóng yī gè — The same one; one and the same thing or person.
共同体: gòngtóngtǐ — Community; a group sharing common identity or purpose.
我们: wǒmen — We; us; first-person plural pronoun.
之间: zhījiān — Between; among; in the space separating two things.
不可能: bù kěnéng — Impossible; cannot be; not able to happen.
这样: zhèyàng — Like this; in this way; such a manner.
从属: cóngshǔ — Subordination; being subject to another's authority.
关系: guānxi — Relationship; connection; the link between two things.
足以: zúyǐ — Sufficient to; enough to; capable of doing something.
授权: shòuquán — To authorize; to grant permission or authority to someone.
相互: xiānghù — Mutual; reciprocal; acting upon each other equally.
仿佛: fǎngfú — As if; as though; seemingly resembling something else.
生来: shēnglái — Born to; by nature; from the time of birth.
为了: wèile — In order to; for the purpose of achieving something.
利用: lìyòng — To use; to exploit; to take advantage of something.
就: jiù — Then; just; indicates immediacy or logical consequence.
如同: rútóng — Just like; as if; in the same manner as.
低等: dīděng — Lower-order; inferior; of a lesser rank or status.
一样: yīyàng — The same; alike; used in similes and comparisons.

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