Second Treatise of Government — Page 7

English → Chinese Book II Level 9/10

Every one, as he is bound to preserve himself, and not to quit his station wilfully, so by the like reason, when his own preservation comes not in competition, ought he, as much as he can, to preserve the rest of mankind, and may not, unless it be to do justice on an offender, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the preservation of the life, the liberty, health, limb, or goods of another.

每个人既然有义务保全自己，不得擅自放弃自己的岗位，那么出于同样的理由，当自身的保全不受威胁时，他也应当尽其所能地保全其余的人类，除非是为了对罪犯执行正义，否则不得剥夺或损害他人的生命，或任何有助于维护他人生命、自由、健康、肢体或财产的东西。

Sect. 7. And that all men may be restrained from invading others rights, and from doing hurt to one another, and the law of nature be observed, which willeth the peace and preservation of all mankind, the execution of the law of nature is, in that state, put into every man's hands, whereby every one has a right to punish the transgressors of that law to such a degree, as may hinder its violation: for the law of nature would, as all other laws that concern men in this world be in vain, if there were no body that in the state of nature had a power to execute that law, and thereby preserve the innocent and restrain offenders.

第七节。为了使所有人都能被约束，不得侵犯他人的权利，不得相互伤害，并使自然法得以遵守——自然法意在维护全人类的和平与存续——在自然状态中，自然法的执行被置于每个人的手中，因此每个人都有权惩罚违反该法律的人，其惩罚程度以足以阻止违法行为为限：因为自然法若与世间一切涉及人类的法律一样，在自然状态中若无任何人拥有执行该法律的权力，从而保护无辜者并约束违法者，则自然法将形同虚设。

Vocabulary

每个: měi gè — Every; each one of a group
人: rén — Person; human being
既然: jì rán — Since; given that something is already the case
有: yǒu — To have; to possess something
义务: yì wù — Duty; obligation one is bound to fulfill
保全: bǎo quán — To preserve; to keep something safe and intact
自己: zì jǐ — Oneself; refers back to the subject
不得: bù dé — Must not; not permitted to do something
擅自: shàn zì — Without authorization; acting on one's own accord
放弃: fàng qì — To give up; to abandon a position or right
的: de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification
岗位: gǎng wèi — Post; assigned position or station of duty
那么: nà me — Then; in that case; logical consequence connector
出于: chū yú — Arising from; motivated by a particular reason
同样: tóng yàng — Same; identical in kind or manner
理由: lǐ yóu — Reason; justification for an action or belief
当: dāng — When; at the time that something occurs
自身: zì shēn — One's own self; one's own person or body
不受: bù shòu — Not subject to; free from a threat or harm
威胁: wēi xié — Threat; menace endangering safety or well-being
时: shí — When; at the time of a situation
他: tā — He; third-person masculine pronoun
也: yě — Also; likewise; additionally
应当: yīng dāng — Should; ought to do something morally or logically
尽其所能: jìn qí suǒ néng — To the best of one's ability; doing everything possible
地: de — Adverbial particle linking modifier to verb
其余: qí yú — The rest; the remaining others in a group
人类: rén lèi — Humanity; all human beings collectively
除非: chú fēi — Unless; except under a specific condition
是: shì — Is; to be; linking verb of identity
为了: wèi le — For the purpose of; in order to achieve something
对: duì — Toward; against; directed at someone
罪犯: zuì fàn — Criminal; a person who commits a crime
执行: zhí xíng — To execute; to carry out justice or a task
正义: zhèng yì — Justice; moral rightness and fairness
否则: fǒu zé — Otherwise; or else if conditions are not met
剥夺: bō duó — To deprive; to forcibly take away rights or life
或: huò — Or; alternatively; either option
损害: sǔn hài — To harm; to damage someone's interests or health
他人: tā rén — Others; other people besides oneself
生命: shēng mìng — Life; the existence of a living being
任何: rèn hé — Any; whatever; of any kind whatsoever
有助于: yǒu zhù yú — To be helpful to; to contribute toward something
维护: wéi hù — To uphold; to maintain and protect something important
自由: zì yóu — Freedom; liberty from constraint or oppression
健康: jiàn kāng — Health; the state of being physically well
肢体: zhī tǐ — Limbs; the body's arms and legs
财产: cái chǎn — Property; possessions and assets owned by someone
东西: dōng xi — Thing; an object or matter of concern
第: dì — Ordinal prefix indicating numbered sequence or rank
七: qī — Seven; the number 7
节: jié — Section; a numbered division of a text
使: shǐ — To cause; to make something happen
所有: suǒ yǒu — All; every; the entirety of something
都: dōu — All; both; without exception
能: néng — Can; to be able to do something
被: bèi — Passive marker indicating action done to subject
约束: yuē shù — To restrain; to restrict behavior through rules
侵犯: qīn fàn — To infringe upon; to violate someone's rights
权利: quán lì — Right; an entitlement held by a person
相互: xiāng hù — Mutually; reciprocally between two or more parties
伤害: shāng hài — To injure; to cause harm to someone
并: bìng — And; furthermore; additionally connecting clauses
自然法: zì rán fǎ — Natural law; moral principles inherent in nature
得以: dé yǐ — To be able to; thereby achieving a result
遵守: zūn shǒu — To comply with; to abide by rules or laws
意在: yì zài — Intended to; aimed at achieving a purpose
全: quán — Whole; entire; completely encompassing everything
和平: hé píng — Peace; a state free from conflict or war
与: yǔ — And; together with; connecting two elements
存续: cún xù — Continuation; ongoing preservation and survival
在: zài — In; at; existing within a location or state
自然: zì rán — Nature; the natural world or natural state
状态: zhuàng tài — State; condition or situation something is in
中: zhōng — In; within; inside a space or context
置于: zhì yú — To place into; to put something within a position
手中: shǒu zhōng — In one's hands; under someone's control or authority
因此: yīn cǐ — Therefore; as a result of this reason
有权: yǒu quán — To have the right; to be entitled to something
惩罚: chéng fá — To punish; to penalize someone for wrongdoing
违反: wéi fǎn — To violate; to act against a rule or law
该: gāi — That; the said; referring to something mentioned
法律: fǎ lǜ — Law; the legal system and its regulations
其: qí — Its; their; referring to something previously mentioned
程度: chéng dù — Degree; extent or level of something
以: yǐ — With; so as to; in order to achieve
足以: zú yǐ — Sufficient to; enough to accomplish a purpose
阻止: zǔ zhǐ — To prevent; to stop something from happening
违法: wéi fǎ — Illegal; acting in violation of the law
行为: xíng wéi — Behavior; action or conduct of a person
为: wéi — As; to serve as a limit or boundary
限: xiàn — Limit; boundary not to be exceeded
因为: yīn wèi — Because; giving a reason or cause
若: ruò — If; supposing that a condition is true
世间: shì jiān — In the world; among all people on earth
一切: yī qiè — Everything; all things without exception
涉及: shè jí — To involve; to relate to or concern something
一样: yī yàng — The same; identical; equally alike
无: wú — Without; lacking; to not have something
拥有: yōng yǒu — To possess; to own something as one's own
权力: quán lì — Power; authority to command or control others
从而: cóng ér — Thus; thereby achieving a subsequent result
保护: bǎo hù — To protect; to keep safe from harm
无辜者: wú gū zhě — The innocent; people who have committed no wrongdoing
违法者: wéi fǎ zhě — Lawbreaker; a person who violates the law
则: zé — Then; consequently marking a logical result
将: jiāng — Will; future tense marker for upcoming action
形同虚设: xíng tóng xū shè — Merely nominal; existing in name only, utterly ineffective

← Previous Next →

Unlock audio playback, vocabulary games, and reading progress tracking.

Create free account →