Second Treatise of Government — Page 8

Vocabulary

如果

rúguǒ — if; supposing that a condition is met

在

zài — at, in, on; indicating location or time

自然

zìrán — nature; natural; occurring without force

状态

zhuàngtài — state, condition, or mode of being

中

zhōng — middle; within; among a group or place

任何

rènhé — any; whichever; no matter which one

人

rén — person; human being; people

都

dōu — all; both; entirely without exception

可以

kěyǐ — can; may; be permitted to do something

因

yīn — because of; due to; on account of

他人

tārén — other people; others; another person

所犯

suǒ fàn — committed by; offenses that someone has done

的

de — structural particle indicating possession or modification

恶行

èxíng — evil deed; wicked act; wrongdoing

而

ér — and; but; yet; linking clauses together

惩罚

chéngfá — to punish; punishment for wrongdoing

那么

nàme — then; in that case; so therefore

每个

měi gè — every; each individual one of something

这样

zhèyàng — like this; in this way; such

做

zuò — to do; to make; to act

因为

yīnwèi — because; for the reason that

那种

nà zhǒng — that kind of; that type of thing

完全

wánquán — completely; entirely; fully without remainder

平等

píngděng — equal; equality; treating everyone the same

地

de — adverbial particle modifying how action is done

没有

méiyǒu — do not have; there is no; without

对

duì — toward; regarding; facing; correct

优越

yōuyuè — superior; advantageous; having higher status

性

xìng — nature; quality; characteristic; suffix for abstract nouns

或

huò — or; either; alternatively

管辖

guǎnxiá — to have jurisdiction over; to govern an area

权

quán — authority; right; power to act

执行

zhíxíng — to execute; to carry out; to enforce

该

gāi — that; the said; the aforementioned

法律

fǎlǜ — law; legal code; formal rules of society

时

shí — time; when; at the moment of

所能

suǒ néng — what one is capable of; ability possessed

必然

bìrán — inevitable; necessarily; certainly must be so

有权

yǒu quán — to have the right; to be entitled to

去

qù — to go; to; verb complement indicating action

第

dì — ordinal prefix indicating numbered sequence position

八

bā — eight; the number 8

节

jié — section; segment; paragraph; joint

因此

yīncǐ — therefore; consequently; as a result

一个

yī gè — one; a single; one individual thing or person

另一个

lìng yī gè — another one; a different individual or thing

获得

huòdé — to obtain; to gain; to acquire something

了

le — particle indicating completed action or change

某种

mǒu zhǒng — a certain kind of; some type of

权力

quánlì — power; authority; the right to command

然而

rán'ér — however; nevertheless; yet; but

这

zhè — this; referring to something nearby or just mentioned

并非

bìng fēi — is not at all; absolutely not; by no means

绝对

juéduì — absolute; unconditional; completely without exception

任意

rènyì — arbitrary; at will; without restraint

将

jiāng — will; about to; take and; formal future marker

罪犯

zuìfàn — criminal; offender; person who commits crime

掌握

zhǎngwò — to grasp; to control; to have in hand

于

yú — in; at; to; from; classical preposition

手中

shǒu zhōng — in one's hands; within one's control

之后

zhīhòu — after; afterward; following a point in time

依照

yīzhào — according to; in accordance with; following

自身

zìshēn — oneself; one's own; by oneself

激情

jīqíng — passion; strong emotion; intense feeling

冲动

chōngdòng — impulse; impulsive urge; acting without thinking

无边

wúbiān — boundless; limitless; without boundary or edge

放纵

fàngzòng — to indulge; unbridled; lacking self-restraint

意志

yìzhì — will; willpower; determination; volitional intention

来

lái — to come; used to indicate purpose or means

处置

chǔzhì — to handle; to deal with; to dispose of

他

tā — he; him; third-person male singular pronoun

仅仅

jǐnjǐn — only; merely; just; no more than

是

shì — to be; is; am; are; yes

根据

gēnjù — based on; according to; on the basis of

平静

píngjìng — calm; tranquil; peaceful; without agitation

理性

lǐxìng — reason; rationality; logical faculty of mind

与

yǔ — and; with; together with

良知

liángzhī — conscience; innate moral knowledge; good sense

所

suǒ — that which; used before verbs forming noun phrases

指示

zhǐshì — to instruct; directive; to indicate guidance

其

qí — his; her; its; their; classical pronoun

施以

shī yǐ — to apply; to impose; to administer upon

过错

guòcuò — fault; mistake; wrongdoing; error committed

相称

xiāngchèn — proportionate; commensurate; fitting; matching

报应

bàoyìng — retribution; karmic consequence; deserved punishment

程度

chéngdù — degree; extent; level of something

以

yǐ — with; by means of; in order to

足以

zúyǐ — sufficient to; enough to; adequate for purpose

实现

shíxiàn — to realize; to achieve; to bring about

赔偿

péicháng — compensation; to compensate; to make reparation

约束

yuēshù — to restrain; constraint; restriction on behavior

两者

liǎng zhě — both; the two; either of two things

合法

héfǎ — legal; lawful; legitimate; within the law

伤害

shānghài — to harm; injury; damage done to someone

唯一

wéiyī — only; sole; the one and only

理由

lǐyóu — reason; justification; grounds for an action

便是

biàn shì — is precisely; that is; namely; it is

我们

wǒmen — we; us; our group

违背

wéibèi — to violate; to go against; to breach

法则

fǎzé — law; rule; principle; natural or moral law

犯罪者

fànzuì zhě — criminal; one who commits a crime

宣示

xuānshì — to declare; to proclaim; to make known publicly

自己

zìjǐ — oneself; self; one's own

遵循

zūnxún — to follow; to abide by; to adhere to

准则

zhǔnzé — principle; norm; standard code of conduct

有别于

yǒu bié yú — different from; distinct from; set apart from

公平

gōngpíng — fair; just; equitable; impartial treatment

正义

zhèngyì — justice; righteousness; what is morally right

后者

hòuzhě — the latter; the second of two mentioned things

正是

zhèng shì — precisely; exactly; it is indeed

上帝

Shàngdì — God; the supreme deity; the Lord

为

wèi — for; for the sake of; on behalf of

人类

rénlèi — humanity; humankind; the human race

行为

xíngwéi — behavior; conduct; action; deed

设定

shèdìng — to set; to establish; to prescribe a standard

标准

biāozhǔn — standard; criterion; benchmark for judgment

保障

bǎozhàng — to safeguard; guarantee; protection ensuring security

人们

rénmen — people; folks; people in general

相互

xiānghù — mutual; reciprocal; each other

之间

zhījiān — between; among; in the middle of

安全

ānquán — safe; safety; security; free from danger

便

biàn — then; consequently; right away; just

成为

chéngwéi — to become; to turn into something

危险

wēixiǎn — danger; dangerous; risk; hazardous situation

那

nà — that; referring to something distant or mentioned

本应

běn yīng — should have; ought to have originally

保护

bǎohù — to protect; to defend; protection from harm

免受

miǎn shòu — to be exempt from; to avoid suffering

暴力

bàolì — violence; force; violent behavior or action

纽带

niǔdài — bond; tie; link connecting people or things

已

yǐ — already; completed; classical aspect marker

被

bèi — passive marker; by; indicates passive voice

轻视

qīngshì — to despise; to look down on; to disregard

并

bìng — and; furthermore; at the same time

打破

dǎpò — to break; to shatter; to violate a rule