Second Treatise of Government — Page 9

Vocabulary

这种

zhè zhǒng — This kind of; this type of thing

行为

xíngwéi — Behavior, conduct, action

是

shì — Is, are, to be

对

duì — Toward, against; correct

整个

zhěnggè — Entire, whole, complete

人类

rénlèi — Humanity, humankind, the human race

以及

yǐjí — As well as, and, along with

自然法

zìránfǎ — Natural law governing human rights and conduct

所

suǒ — Used before verbs to form noun phrases

保障

bǎozhàng — To guarantee, safeguard, ensure protection

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification

和平

hépíng — Peace, peaceful coexistence

与

yǔ — And, with, together with

安全

ānquán — Safety, security, safe

侵犯

qīnfàn — To infringe upon, violate, encroach on rights

因此

yīncǐ — Therefore, consequently, for this reason

每个人

měi gè rén — Every person, everyone, each individual

基于

jīyú — Based on, grounded in, on the basis of

其

qí — His, her, its, their (formal pronoun)

维护

wéihù — To uphold, maintain, defend, protect

全人类

quán rénlèi — All of humanity, the entire human race

权利

quánlì — Rights, entitlements, legal claims

可以

kěyǐ — Can, may, be allowed to

约束

yuēshù — To restrain, restrict, bind, constrain

或

huò — Or, either, alternatively

在

zài — At, in, on; to be present

必要时

bìyào shí — When necessary, at a time of need

消灭

xiāomiè — To eliminate, destroy, wipe out completely

有害

yǒuhài — Harmful, injurious, detrimental

并

bìng — And also, furthermore, in addition

可

kě — Can, may, permissible (formal)

任何

rènhé — Any, whichever, no matter which

违反

wéifǎn — To violate, break, go against rules

该

gāi — The said, that particular, the aforementioned

法律

fǎlǜ — Law, legal code, legislation

施以

shī yǐ — To administer, impose, apply (punishment)

惩罚

chéngfá — Punishment, penalty, to penalize someone

使其

shǐ qí — To cause him/her/it to; making them

悔恨

huǐhèn — To regret deeply, feel remorse and sorrow

所为

suǒ wéi — What one has done, one's deeds or actions

从而

cóngér — Thus, thereby, and as a result

威慑

wēishè — To deter, intimidate, act as a deterrent

本人

běnrén — Oneself, the person in question, personally

为例

wéi lì — As an example, to serve as a case

警示

jǐngshì — To warn, caution, serve as a warning

他人

tārén — Others, other people, third parties

不敢

bù gǎn — Dare not, not bold enough to do

重蹈覆辙

chóng dǎo fù zhé — To repeat the same mistake as before

此

cǐ — This, these (formal/classical pronoun)

情形

qíngxíng — Situation, circumstance, state of affairs

下

xià — Under, below, in a certain condition

上述

shàngshù — The aforementioned, stated above, as noted

理由

lǐyóu — Reason, justification, grounds for something

都

dōu — All, both, every, entirely

有权

yǒu quán — To have the right or authority to

违法者

wéifǎ zhě — Lawbreaker, offender, one who violates law

成为

chéngwéi — To become, to turn into something

执行者

zhíxíng zhě — Executor, enforcer, one who carries out

第

dì — Ordinal prefix: the (first, second, etc.)

我

wǒ — I, me, myself

毫不怀疑

háo bù huáiyí — Without any doubt, not doubting at all

某些人

mǒuxiē rén — Certain people, some individuals, particular persons

而言

éryán — As for, speaking of, from the perspective of

似乎

sìhū — It seems, apparently, as if

极为

jí wéi — Extremely, exceedingly, very much so

奇异

qíyì — Strange, bizarre, unusual, peculiar

学说

xuéshuō — Theory, doctrine, school of thought

但

dàn — But, however, yet (conjunction)

他们

tāmen — They, them (plural third person)

予以

yǔ yǐ — To give, to bestow, to impose formally

谴责

qiǎnzé — To condemn, censure, denounce strongly

之前

zhīqián — Before, prior to, in advance of

希望

xīwàng — To hope, wish, desire; hope, expectation

能

néng — Can, be able to, capable of

解答

jiědá — To answer, explain, provide a solution

君主

jūnzhǔ — Monarch, sovereign, ruler of a kingdom

国家

guójiā — Country, nation, state

凭借

píngjiè — By means of, relying on, based upon

何种

hé zhǒng — What kind of, which type of

领土上

lǐngtǔ shàng — On the territory of; within the territory

犯罪

fànzuì — To commit a crime; crime, criminal offense

外国人

wàiguórén — Foreigner, foreign national, alien person

处以

chǔ yǐ — To impose a penalty, to sentence someone

死刑

sǐxíng — Death penalty, capital punishment, execution

加以

jiāyǐ — To apply, impose, subject to treatment

确定

quèdìng — To determine, confirm, ascertain; certain

这些

zhèxiē — These, these particular things or people

立法机构

lìfǎ jīgòu — Legislative body, lawmaking institution or assembly

颁布

bānbù — To promulgate, issue, enact officially

意志

yìzhì — Will, willpower, determination, intent

赋予

fùyǔ — To grant, endow, bestow upon someone

效力

xiàolì — Legal force, binding effect, efficacy

并不

bìng bù — Actually not, does not at all

外来者

wàiláizhě — Outsider, foreigner, one who comes from outside

并非

bìng fēi — Is not at all, absolutely not

他

tā — He, him, third-person masculine pronoun

即便

jíbiàn — Even if, even though, regardless of whether

如此

rúcǐ — Like this, in this way, such

也

yě — Also, too, either, as well

无

wú — Without, have no, lacking (formal/classical)

义务

yìwù — Obligation, duty, responsibility to do something

遵从

zūncóng — To comply with, obey, follow rules

使

shǐ — To cause, make, enable, allow

该国

gāi guó — The said country, that particular nation

臣民

chénmín — Subjects, citizens under a monarch's rule

具有

jùyǒu — To possess, have, be endowed with

约束力

yuēshùlì — Binding force, legal bindingness, obligatory power

立法

lìfǎ — Legislation, lawmaking, to enact laws

权威

quánwēi — Authority, authoritative power, prestige

并无

bìng wú — Actually has none, does not have at all

权力

quánlì — Power, authority, the right to govern