Second Treatise of Government — Page 7
每个人既然有义务保全自己,不得擅自放弃自己的岗位,同样道理,当自身的保全不与他人相冲突时,他也应当尽其所能地保全其余的人类,除非是对罪犯执行正义,否则不得剥夺或损害他人的生命,或任何有助于维护生命的东西,包括他人的自由、健康、肢体或财产。
Every one, as he is bound to preserve himself, and not to quit his station wilfully, so by the like reason, when his own preservation comes not in competition, ought he, as much as he can, to preserve the rest of mankind, and may not, unless it be to do justice on an offender, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the preservation of the life, the liberty, health, limb, or goods of another.
第七节。为了使所有人都不侵犯他人的权利,不相互伤害,并使自然法得到遵守——自然法要求全人类的和平与保全——在自然状态中,自然法的执行权被赋予每个人手中,因此每个人都有权惩罚违反该法律的人,其惩罚程度以足以阻止违法行为为限;因为自然法若像世间其他一切涉及人类的法律一样,在自然状态中没有任何人拥有执行该法律的权力,那么自然法便将形同虚设,从而无法保护无辜者、约束违法者。
And that all men may be restrained from invading others rights, and from doing hurt to one another, and the law of nature be observed, which willeth the peace and preservation of all mankind, the execution of the law of nature is, in that state, put into every man's hands, whereby every one has a right to punish the transgressors of that law to such a degree, as may hinder its violation: for the law of nature would, as all other laws that concern men in this world be in vain, if there were no body that in the state of nature had a power to execute that law, and thereby preserve the innocent and restrain offenders.
Vocabulary
- bound
- 有义务的;受约束的
- preserve
- 保护、维护某人或某物不受伤害
- quit
- 离开、放弃某职位或地方
- station
- 职位、岗位或所处的位置
- wilfully
- 故意地,蓄意地做某事
- reason
- 理由、原因;理性思考能力
- preservation
- 保护、保全自身或他物的行为
- competition
- 竞争;此处指利益冲突情形
- ought
- 应该,表示道德义务或责任
- mankind
- 人类,全体人类的统称
- unless
- 除非,表示唯一例外条件
- justice
- 正义、公正;依法惩处罪犯
- offender
- 违法者、犯罪者,做错事的人
- impair
- 损害、削弱某物的功能或价值
- tends
- 倾向于,有助于某结果
- liberty
- 自由,不受束缚的权利
- limb
- 四肢,手臂或腿等身体部位
- goods
- 财产、物品,个人所拥有的东西
- restrained
- 被约束的,被阻止做某事的
- invading
- 侵犯、侵入他人的领域或权利
- rights
- 权利,应享有的正当权益
- law
- 法律、法则,规范行为的规定
- nature
- 自然;自然法则或本性
- observed
- 被遵守的,被执行的
- willeth
- (古英语)命令,意愿(现代:wills)
- peace
- 和平,无冲突的安宁状态
- execution
- 执行,实施法律或命令的行为
- state
- 状态;国家;此处指某种情形
- whereby
- 凭借此,通过这种方式
- right
- 权利;正确的,应得的资格
- punish
- 惩罚,对违法者施加处罚
- transgressors
- 违法者、越界者,违反规则的人
- degree
- 程度,等级,某种范围的大小
- hinder
- 阻碍,妨碍某事物的进行
- violation
- 违反,侵犯法律或规则的行为
- concern
- 涉及,关系到,与……有关
- vain
- 徒劳的,无效的,无意义的
- power
- 权力,能力,执行某事的权威
- execute
- 执行,实施法律或命令
- thereby
- 因此,通过那种方式
- innocent
- 无辜的,没有犯罪的人
- restrain
- 约束、限制,阻止某人做某事
- offenders
- 违法者,犯罪者,复数形式
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