The Ballad of the White Horse — Page 2

Vocabulary

ဒုတိယ

du-ti-ya — Second in order or rank

ကိစ္စ

kei't-sa — Matter, affair, or issue to deal with

အတွက်

a-twet — For the sake of; regarding something

သည်

thi — Topic marker particle; also 'is/are'

တပ်စခန်း

ta'-sa-khan — Military camp or base for soldiers

တွင်

twing — In, at, within a place or time

တယော

ta-yaw — A traditional Burmese string instrument

တီး

ti — To play a musical instrument

ကာ

ka — While doing; a continuative verbal particle

သီချင်း

thi-chin — Song, a piece of music with lyrics

ဆို

hsò — To sing; to say or utter something

ခဲ့

khè — Past tense particle indicating completed action

ဟူသော

hù-dhaw — Which is called; known as (relative clause marker)

လူကြား

lu-kya — Among people; in public view

ကောင်း

kaun — Good, well, fine, excellent

သော

dhaw — Relative clause particle modifying nouns

ဒဏ္ဍာရီ

dan-da-yi — Legend, myth, or traditional story

တစ်ပုဒ်

ti'-pou' — One piece, one composition (e.g., song)

ရှိ

shi — To exist, to have, to be present

ဤ

i — This (formal/literary demonstrative pronoun)

မည်သည့်

myi-dhì — Whichever, whatever, any (interrogative/relative)

ကာလ

ka-la — Period of time, era, or age

ပေါ်ပေါက်

paw-pau' — To emerge, arise, or come into being

လာ

la — To come; directional particle toward speaker

ဖြစ်စေ

phyi'-se — Whether or; causing something to happen

ဖြစ်

phyi' — To be, to happen, to occur

ကြောင့်

kyaun' — Because of, due to, owing to

ကျွန်ုပ်

kya-noup — I, me (formal first-person pronoun)

ရွေးချယ်

ywe-chè — To choose, select, or pick something

တတိယ

ta-ti-ya — Third in sequence or order

အမျိုးသမီး

a-myò-tha-mi — Woman, female person

တစ်ဦး

ti'-ù — One person (counter word for people)

နှင့်

hnin' — And, with, together with

မုန့်

moun' — Snack, cake, bread, or baked food

များ

mya — Plural marker; many, numerous

တွေ့ဆုံ

twè-hsoun — To meet, encounter, or gather together

၎င်း

da-gin — He/she/it/they (formal third-person pronoun)

လည်းကောင်း

lè-kaun — Also good; as well; either (connective particle)

အဆင့်

a-hsin' — Level, rank, grade, or standard

နိမ့်

nein' — Low, lower in level or status

ကို

go — Object marker particle (accusative case)

တင်းကျပ်

tin-kya' — Strict, tight, rigorous, or tense

သမိုင်း

tha-maing — History, historical record of events

ပညာရှင်

pyin-nya-shin — Expert, scholar, specialist in a field

က

ga — Subject marker particle (nominative case)

ငြင်းခုံ

ngyin-khoun — To argue, debate, or dispute something

ကြ

kya — Plural verb particle; to do together

သို့သော်

thò-dhaw — However, but, nevertheless (contrastive conjunction)

ထို

htò — That (demonstrative adjective, formal usage)

ကောင်းစွာ

kaun-zwa — Well, properly, in a good manner

ဆုံးဖြတ်

hsoun-phya' — To decide, determine, or make a decision

နိုင်

nain — Can, to be able to; to win

ရန်

yan — In order to; purpose particle (infinitive marker)

အနည်းငယ်

a-nyi-ngè — A little, a small amount of something

လွန်ကဲ

lwan-kè — Excessive, extreme, going too far

စွာ

zwa — Adverbial suffix meaning 'in a ... manner'

လွန်း

lwan — Too much, excessively, overly (intensifier)

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning 'saying that'

ထင်

htin — To think, believe, or seem/appear

ဇာတ်လမ်း

za'-lam — Story, plot, narrative, or tale

အပေါ်

a-paw — On top of; above; regarding something

အဓိက

a-di-ga — Main, primary, principal, most important

စွပ်စွဲချက်

zwou'-zwè-che' — Accusation, charge, or allegation against someone

နှစ်ချက်

hnit-che' — Two points, two items, or twice

မှာ

hma — At, in, on; locative or command particle

သေဆုံး

the-hsoun — To die, to pass away, to perish

ပြီး

pyi — After completing; already done (completion particle)

ကြာမြင့်

kya-myin' — To take long; lasting for much time

ကြာ

kya — To take time; long (duration particle)

မှ

hma — From, since, out of (source marker)

ပထမဆုံး

pa-hta-ma-hsoun — First of all, the very first

မှတ်တမ်း

hma'-tam — Record, documentation, or written account

တင်

tin — To present, submit, or put on record

သည့်

dhì — Relative particle modifying preceding noun phrase

အချက်

a-che' — Point, fact, item, or key detail

မစ္စတာ

mis-ta — Mister, Mr., a male honorific title

အဆို

a-hsò — Claim, proposition, or stated opinion

အရ

a-ya — According to, based on something said

ကိုယ်ရံတော်

ko-yan-daw — Bodyguard, royal guard protecting someone important

သို့မဟုတ်

thò-ma-hkou' — Or, otherwise, alternatively (disjunctive conjunction)

စစ်သည်တော်

si'-thi-daw — Royal soldier, warrior serving a monarch

မပါ

ma-pa — Without, not included, not accompanied by

ဘဲ

bè — Without doing; negative adverbial particle

တကယ်တော့

ta-kè-daw — Actually, in reality, when it comes down

တစ်ယောက်တည်း

ti'-yau'-dè — Alone, by oneself, only one person

လှည့်လည်

hlyin-lè — To wander, roam, or travel around

သွားလာ

thwa-la — To come and go; to travel back and forth

မဟုတ်

ma-hkou' — Not, is not, negative copula

တို့

dò — Plural pronoun suffix; we, they, us

ကန့်ကွက်ချက်

kan'-kwe'-che' — Objection, protest, or formal opposition

နှစ်ရပ်

hnit-ya' — Two sides, two positions, or two matters

စလုံး

sa-loun — Both, all of them together

တုံ့ပြန်

toun-pyan — To respond, react, or reply to something

ဖွယ်

phwè — Likely to, worthy of, deserving (modal particle)

ပတ်သက်

pa'-tha' — To relate to, concern, or be involved with

အမှန်တရား

a-hman-ta-ya — Truth, reality, genuine fact or honesty

တစ်ခုလုံး

ti'-khu-loun — The whole thing, entire, all of it

သင်ယူ

thin-yu — To learn, study, or acquire knowledge

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kya-noup-dò — We, us (formal first-person plural pronoun)

ရေးသား

ye-tha — To write, compose, or author a text

ကြား

kya — Between; among; to hear something

နီးပါး

ni-pa — Nearly, almost, approximately close to

အတူတူ

a-tu-du — Together, equally, in the same way

ပက်ပစ်

pe'-pi' — To abandon, discard, or throw away carelessly

မူ

mu — As for; topic-contrasting particle (formal)

ထက်

hte' — Than, more than, compared to something

ပင်

pin — Even, indeed, emphasis particle (emphatic)

ပို

po — More, even more, increasingly (comparative)

မို

mo — Isn't it? right? (sentence-final question particle)

အခြား

a-hka — Other, another, different, else

လျှင်

hlyin — If, when (conditional particle)

တိုက်ပွဲ

tai'-pwè — Battle, fight, combat, or military engagement

နောက်

nau' — After, next, behind, following something

တစ်နာရီ

ti'-na-yi — One hour, a period of sixty minutes

နှစ်နာရီ

hnit-na-yi — Two hours, two sixty-minute periods

ခန့်

khan' — Approximately, about, around (estimating quantity)

တော်တောင်

taw-daun — Quite, rather, fairly, considerably so

ထဲ

htè — Inside, within, into (locative particle)

လမ်းလျှောက်

lam-hlau' — To walk, to stroll along a path

ဖူး

hpu — Ever (experience particle); to have done before

တကယ်

ta-kè — Really, truly, genuinely, in fact

သ

tha — Sentence-final particle expressing mild assertion

လော

law — Question particle expressing curiosity or wonder

မိနစ်

mi-ni' — Minute, a unit of sixty seconds

ဆယ်

hsè — Ten, the number 10

မျှ

hmya — Only, as much as, just (limiting particle)

သာ

tha — Only, just, merely (restrictive particle)

၏

e — Possessive/genitive particle (formal written usage)

အနှစ်သာရ

a-hnit-tha-ya — Essence, gist, core meaning of something

လုံလောက်

loun-lau' — Sufficient, enough, adequate for a purpose

ဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်း

da-lè-htoun-dam — Custom, tradition, cultural practice or convention

သက်သေပြ

the'-the-pya — To prove, demonstrate, or provide evidence

မပူပင်

ma-pu-pin — Don't worry, not anxious or concerned

ပါ

pa — Polite sentence-final particle; also 'to include'