The divine comedy — Page 3

Vocabulary

Những

Nhữɲ — Plural marker for nouns in Vietnamese

kẻ

kɛ̉ — Person, individual, often with negative connotation

khốn

xôn — Wretched, miserable, unfortunate

khổ

xổ — Suffering, hardship, misery

này

nɐ̀j — This, these; demonstrative pronoun

những

nhữɲ — Plural marker for nouns in Vietnamese

chưa

tɕɯə — Not yet; indicates incomplete action

từng

tɨŋ — Ever, once; indicates past experience

sống

ʂoŋ — To live, to be alive

Đi

ɗi — To go, to walk, to move

trong

tʂɔŋ — In, inside, within

trần

tʂən — Naked, bare, exposed

trụi

tʂuj — Completely bare, stripped of covering

và

va — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

bị

ɓi — Passive marker indicating undesirable action suffered

đốt

ɗot — To sting, to burn, to set on fire

đau

ɗaw — Pain, painful, to hurt

đớn

ɗɤ̌n — Anguish, agony, sharp pain

Bởi

ɓɤ̌j — Because of, due to, by

ong

ɔŋ — Bee, wasp; stinging insect

bắp

ɓăp — Corn; also part of compound words

vẽ

vẽ — To draw, to paint, to sketch

làm

làm — To do, to make, to work

ướt

ɯ̌ːt — Wet, damp, soaked

đẫm

ɗə̃m — Soaked, drenched, saturated with liquid

má

má — Cheek; also means mother informally

họ

hɔ̀ — They, them; third person plural pronoun

Với

vɤ̌j — With, together with, along with

máu

máw — Blood

hòa

hɔ̀a — To mix, to blend, to harmonize

lẫn

lɤ̃n — Mixed with, together with, confused

với

vɤ̌j — With, together with, along with

nước

nɯ̌ək — Water; also means country or nation

mắt

măt — Eye; eyes

rỏ

rɔ̉ — To drip, to trickle down

xuống

suɔ̂ŋ — Down, downward, to go down

chân

tɕən — Foot, leg; base of something

Và

va — And; conjunction connecting clauses

con

kɔn — Classifier for animals and small creatures

sâu

səw — Worm, caterpillar, larva; deep

ghê

ɣe — Horrible, disgusting, terrifying

tởm

tɤ̌m — Disgusting, revolting, repulsive

thu

thu — To collect, to gather, to harvest

gom

ɣɔm — To gather together, to collect into pile

lại

laj — Again; back; together; resultative particle

nơi

nɤj — Place, location, spot

đó

ɗó — There, that place; demonstrative pronoun

Rồi

roj — Then, afterward, already done

nhìn

ɲin — To look, to gaze, to see

xa

sa — Far, distant, far away

hơn

hɤn — More than, further, comparative marker

về

ve — About, toward, to return to

phía

fiə — Direction, side, toward a direction

trước

tʂɯɤk — In front, ahead, before

tôi

toj — I, me; first person singular pronoun

trông

tʂoŋ — To see, to look, to appear

thấy

tɤ̌j — To see, to perceive, to notice

Một

mot — One; a, an; indefinite article

đám

ɗam — A crowd, a group, a cluster

đông

ɗoŋ — Crowd, many people; east direction

trên

tʂen — On, above, on top of

bờ

ɓɤ — Bank, shore, edge of water

của

kuə — Of, belonging to; possessive marker

một

mot — One; a, an; indefinite article

dòng

zɔŋ — Stream, flow, current of water

sông

ʂoŋ — River

lớn

lɤ̌n — Large, big, great in size

Trước

tʂɯɤk — Before, in front, ahead

cảnh

kɐ̉ɲ — Scene, scenery, sight, view

nói

nɔ́j — To speak, to say, to talk

Thưa

tɯə — Respectful address term; sparse, thin

ngài

ŋaj — Respectful title for esteemed person, sir

xin

sin — To request politely, please

hãy

hɐ̃j — Please do; imperative mood marker

cho

tɕɔ — To give, to allow, to let

biết

ɓiɛt — To know, to be aware of

ai

aj — Who, whoever; interrogative pronoun

mà

ma — But, yet; emphasis or contrast particle

chúng

tɕuŋ — We, us; plural pronoun prefix

ta

ta — We, us; I, me in elevated speech

ở

ɤ̉ — To be at, to live, to stay

đây

ɗɐj — Here, this place; demonstrative adverb

điều

ɗiɛw — Thing, matter, issue, point

gì

ɣi — What; interrogative pronoun for things

thúc

tuk — To urge, to push, to drive forward

đẩy

ɗɤ̉j — To push, to drive, to propel

dường

zɯɤŋ — It seems, apparently, as if

như

ɲɯ — Like, as, as if, such as

Háo

háw — Eager, enthusiastic, craving strongly

muốn

muɔ̌n — To want, to desire, to wish

vượt

vɯɤt — To overcome, to cross, to surpass

qua

kwа — To pass through, across, over

kia

kiə — There, that over there; demonstrative

nhận

ɲən — To receive, to recognize, to acknowledge

ra

ra — Out, outward; resultative particle

Qua

kwа — Through, across, past, via

ánh

ɐ̉ɲ — Ray, beam, gleam of light

sáng

ʂáŋ — Light, bright; morning

mờ

mɤ̀ — Dim, faint, blurry, obscure

đục

ɗuk — Murky, cloudy, turbid, opaque

Ông

oŋ — He, him; grandfather; respectful male title

ngắn

ŋăn — Short, brief in length or time

gọn

ɣɔn — Concise, tidy, neat, brief

Điều

ɗiɛw — Thing, matter, point, issue

ngươi

ŋɯɤj — You; second person pronoun archaic form

sẽ

ʂɛ̃ — Will, shall; future tense marker

ngay

ŋaj — Right away, immediately, straight

khi

xi — When, at the time of

bước

ɓɯɤk — To step, to walk; a step

đến

ɗen — To arrive, to come to, until

Bên

ɓen — Side, beside, next to

cạnh

kɐ̀ɲ — Beside, next to, adjacent to

thê

te — Sad, mournful, dreary; wife

lương

lɯɤŋ — Dreary, desolate, mournful, bleak

đôi

ɗoj — Pair, couple; a little bit

cúi

kuj — To bow, to bend down the head

đầy

ɗɤ̀j — Full, filled with, brimming

xấu

sɤ̌w — Bad, ugly, shameful

hổ

hổ — Shame, embarrassment; tiger

Sợ

ʂɤ̉ — To fear, to be afraid of

lời

lɤ̀j — Word, speech, words spoken

xúc

suk — To offend, to provoke, to touch

phạm

fam — To violate, to offend, to transgress

tai

taj — Ear; disaster, misfortune

ông

oŋ — He; grandfather; respectful male address

Cho

tɕɔ — To give, to allow, for the purpose of

không

xoŋ — No, not; negation word in Vietnamese

Thêm

tem — To add, more, additional, further

kìa

kiə — Look there! behold; exclamatory particle

tiến

tien — To advance, to move forward, progress

chiếc

tɕiɛk — Classifier for single objects like boats

thuyền

tʰwiɛn — Boat, small vessel on water

Hiện

hiɛn — To appear, to show up, present

lão

law — Old man; aged person

tóc

tok — Hair of the head

bạc

ɓak — Silver; white or grey as silver

trắng

tʂăŋ — White color

vì

vi — Because, for the sake of

tuổi

tuoj — Age, years old

già

ɣa — Old, elderly, aged

Hét

het — To shout, to yell, to scream

lên

len — Up, upward; directional particle

rằng

răŋ — That; introduces reported speech or thought

Khốn

xôn — Wretched, miserable, cursed ones

các

kak — Plural marker for addressed group

hỡi

hɤ̌j — Oh, hey; exclamatory address particle

hồn

hon — Soul, spirit, ghost

ma

ma — Ghost, spirit, demon

độc

ɗok — Wicked, vicious, poisonous, cruel

ác

ak — Evil, wicked, cruel, malicious

đừng

ɗɯŋ — Do not; negative imperative marker

vọng

vɔŋ — Hope; to hope; part of hy vọng

Bao

ɓaw — Ever, how much, all; how many

giờ

ɣɤ̀ — Hour, time; now, currently

được

ɗɯɤk — To be able to, to get to

bầu

ɓɤ̀w — Sky; to vote; gourd

trời

tʂɤ̀j — Sky, heaven; God in Vietnamese culture

nữa

nɯ̌ə — More, again, anymore, further

Ta

ta — I, me; we; elevated first person pronoun

Để

ɗɛ̉ — To put; in order to, so that

đưa

ɗɯə — To bring, to take, to lead

sang

ʂaŋ — To cross over to, to the other side

bên

ɓen — Side, other side, beside

Vào

vaw — Into, enter, to go in

bóng

ɓɔŋ — Shadow, darkness, shade

tối

toj — Dark, darkness, night

vĩnh

viɲ — Eternal, everlasting, perpetual

cửu

kɯw — Eternal; nine; part of vĩnh cửu

để

ɗɛ̉ — To put; in order to, so that

cư

kɯ — To reside, to dwell, to live

ngụ

ŋu — To reside, to dwell in a place

Trong

tʂɔŋ — In, inside, within

sức

ʂɯk — Strength, force, energy, power

nóng

noŋ — Hot, warm in temperature

dữ

zɯ̌ — Fierce, violent, ferocious, intense

dội

zoj — Intense, violent, overwhelming; to pour down

băng

ɓăŋ — Ice; to freeze; to cross

giá

ɣá — Price; cold, icy; freezing cold

Còn

kɔn — Still, yet, remaining; and also

đứng

ɗɯŋ — To stand, to stand up

Hỡi

hɤ̌j — Oh, hey; vocative exclamatory particle

linh

liɲ — Spirit, soul, divine essence

rời

rɤ̀j — To leave, to depart, to separate

khỏi

xoj — Away from, out of, free from

đã

ɗa — Already; past tense marker

chết

tɕet — To die, dead, death

Nhưng

ɲɯŋ — But, however; adversative conjunction

Tôi

toj — I, me; first person singular pronoun

đi

ɗi — To go, to walk, to move

Bằng

ɓăŋ — By means of, via, equal, flat

đường

ɗɯɤŋ — Road, path, way, route

khác

xak — Different, other, another

bến

ɓen — Port, dock, landing place for boats

cảng

kɐ̉ŋ — Harbor, port for ships

Không

xoŋ — No, not; negation marker

phải

faj — Must, have to; correct, right

lối

loj — Way, path, route, manner

nhanh

ɲaɲ — Fast, quick, rapid

nhẹn

ɲɛn — Agile, nimble, quick and light

Sẽ

ʂɛ̃ — Will, shall; future tense marker

chở

tɕɤ̉ — To carry, to transport, to ferry

người

ŋɯɤj — Person, people, human being

dẫn

zən — To lead, to guide, to conduct