The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African: Written By Himself — Page 2

Vocabulary

Chính

Chính — Main, principal, or primary; used for emphasis

bởi

bởi — Because of; due to; by reason of

những

những — Plural marker for nouns; those, these things

nỗi

nỗi — An inner feeling or emotional pain suffered

kinh

kinh — To be terrified or horrified by something

hoàng

hoàng — Horror, terror; extreme fear and dread

của

của — Possessive particle meaning belonging to someone

cái

cái — Classifier for objects; also means 'the thing'

nghề

nghề — Occupation, trade, or professional craft practiced

buôn

buôn — To trade or engage in commercial buying activities

bán

bán — To sell goods or services for money

ấy

ấy — That; refers to something previously mentioned or known

mà

mà — Conjunction meaning 'but', 'yet', or 'so that'

lần

lần — Time, instance, or occasion of an event

đầu

đầu — First; head; beginning of something

tiên

tiên — First, preceding all others in sequence

tôi

tôi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun in Vietnamese

bị

bị — Passive marker indicating an undesirable action suffered

xé

xé — To tear or rip something apart forcefully

lìa

lìa — To separate or part from something or someone

khỏi

khỏi — Away from; free from; out of something

tất

tất — All, entire; used in 'tất cả' meaning everything

cả

cả — All, whole; combined with tất to mean everything

mối

mối — Classifier for relationships or bonds between people

ràng

ràng — To bind or tie; used in 'ràng buộc' meaning bond

buộc

buộc — To bind, tie, or obligate someone to something

thân

thân — Intimate, close; body; dear or familiar relationship

thiết

thiết — Close, intimate, essential; deeply connected to someone

vốn

vốn — Originally, inherently; capital or fundamental nature

gắn

gắn — To attach, connect, or bond closely to something

bó

bó — To bind tightly; bundle; used in 'gắn bó' meaning attached

tự

tự — Self, by oneself; naturally or autonomously

nhiên

nhiên — Natural; used in 'tự nhiên' meaning naturally or spontaneously

với

với — With; together with; alongside someone or something

trái

trái — Heart; fruit; opposite; contrary to something

tim

tim — Heart as a physical or emotional organ

nhưng

nhưng — But, however; introduces a contrasting statement

điều

điều — Matter, thing, point; used for abstract concepts

đó

đó — That, there; refers to something previously mentioned

qua

qua — Through, via, past; to pass through something

con

con — Classifier for animals, children, roads, rivers

đường

đường — Road, path, way; sugar; route taken

huyền

huyền — Mysterious, mystical, enigmatic; dark or profound

bí

bí — Secret, mysterious; used in 'huyền bí' meaning mystical

cần

cần — To need, require, or must do something necessary

phải

phải — Must, should; right, correct; obligation to act

xem

xem — To look at, consider, or regard as something

như

như — Like, as, such as; similar to something else

đã

đã — Past tense marker; already completed action

được

được — To be able to; passive marker for good outcomes

đền

đền — To compensate, repay; temple or shrine building

bù

bù — To compensate or make up for a loss

hơn

hơn — More than; comparative marker in Vietnamese

vô

vô — Without, lacking; infinite; to enter somewhere

vàn

vàn — Ten thousand; used in 'vô vàn' meaning countless

sự

sự — Nominalizer for abstract nouns; event or matter

dẫn

dẫn — To lead, guide, or introduce someone somewhere

dắt

dắt — To lead by hand; guide along a path

từ

từ — From; since; word or character in language

có

có — To have, exist, possess; there is or are

để

để — In order to; to put or place something

đến

đến — To arrive, come to, reach a destination

hiểu

hiểu — To understand, comprehend, or grasp meaning of

biết

biết — To know, be aware of, or have knowledge

về

về — About, regarding; to return home; concerning something

tôn

tôn — To honor, revere; religion; respectful and dignified

giáo

giáo — Religion, teaching, doctrine; education or faith system

và

và — And; connecting two words or clauses together

một

một — One; a, an; single unit of something

dân

dân — People, nation, citizens; ethnic group or population

tộc

tộc — Ethnic group, race, clan; part of 'dân tộc' nation

nhờ

nhờ — Thanks to; owing to; to rely on someone

tư

tư — Thought, private; fourth; thinking or ideology

tưởng

tưởng — Thought, idea, ideology; to think or imagine

khoáng

khoáng — Open, broad-minded; mineral; spacious and liberal thinking

đạt

đạt — To achieve, attain, reach a goal or standard

lòng

lòng — Heart, mind, inner feelings; compassion or kindness

nhân

nhân — Humanity, benevolence, kindness; human or person

ái

ái — Love, affection; kindness; used in 'nhân ái' benevolence

nền

nền — Foundation, base; civilization; level of development

do

do — Due to, caused by; to do or perform

rực

rực — Blazing, brilliant, glowing; used in 'rực rỡ' splendid

rỡ

rỡ — Brilliant, splendid; used in 'rực rỡ' meaning glorious

trong

trong — In, inside, within; clear, transparent; during a period

chính

chính — Government, politics; correct; main or principal

quyền

quyền — Power, authority, rights; government administration

mình

mình — Oneself, one's own; body; reflexive pronoun

cùng

cùng — Together with; also; at the same time

tiến

tiến — To advance, progress, move forward; improvement

bộ

bộ — Ministry, department; step; progress; set or collection

nghệ

nghệ — Art, craft, skill; used in 'nghệ thuật' meaning art

thuật

thuật — Art, technique, method; used in 'nghệ thuật' fine arts

khoa

khoa — Faculty, department, discipline; science field of study

học

học — To learn, study; science; academic knowledge

nâng

nâng — To lift, raise, elevate; to improve or enhance

cao

cao — High, tall, elevated; to raise to higher level

phẩm

phẩm — Quality, dignity, grade; character or virtue of person

giá

giá — Price, value, worth; dignity; honor of a person

bản

bản — Original, fundamental; copy; nature or essence

chất

chất — Nature, quality, substance, character of something

người

người — Person, human being, people; classifier for humans

Tôi

Tôi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun

ý

ý — Meaning, idea, intention; to intend or mean

thức

thức — Consciousness, awareness; to be aware or conscious

rằng

rằng — That; complementizer introducing a reported clause

xin

xin — To request, ask politely; please; to beg

quý

quý — Honorable, precious, esteemed; respectful address term

vị

vị — Position, rank; classifier for respected persons

tha

tha — To forgive, pardon; to release or let go

thứ

thứ — To forgive; ordinal number marker; rank or grade

vì

vì — Because, for the sake of; reason for action

dâng

dâng — To offer, present respectfully to someone superior

lên

lên — Up, upward; to rise or ascend; directional particle

tác

tác — Work, creation; to create or produce something

hoàn

hoàn — Complete, whole, perfect; to complete or finish

toàn

toàn — Entirely, completely; all; used in 'hoàn toàn' completely

thiếu

thiếu — To lack, be deficient in; insufficient or missing

trị

trị — Value, worth; to govern or treat; merit

văn

văn — Literature, writing, language; culture or civilization

chương

chương — Chapter; literature; used in 'văn chương' meaning literature

là

là — To be; is, are; linking verb in Vietnamese

sản

sản — Product, produce; to give birth; property or asset

châu

châu — Continent; pearl; used in 'châu Phi' Africa

không

không — No, not; zero; negation in Vietnamese sentences

hành

hành — To act, perform, do; action or conduct

thúc

thúc — To urge, push, accelerate; used in 'thúc đẩy' promote

đẩy

đẩy — To push; to promote or drive forward something

hy

hy — Hope; rare; used in 'hy vọng' meaning hope

vọng

vọng — Hope, wish, expectation; used in 'hy vọng' hope

trở

trở — To return, become; turn into; used in 'trở thành'

thành

thành — To become; city; success; used in 'trở thành' become

công

công — Work, effort, merit; public; tool or instrument

cụ

cụ — Tool, instrument; elderly ancestor; used in 'công cụ'

góp

góp — To contribute, add to, pool together resources

phần

phần — Part, portion, share; to contribute a portion

giảm

giảm — To reduce, decrease, lessen; to diminish something

nhẹ

nhẹ — Light, mild, gentle; to alleviate or ease burden

đau

đau — Pain, ache, hurt; to suffer physical or emotional pain

khổ

khổ — Suffering, hardship, misery; to endure difficulty

đồng

đồng — Fellow, compatriot; copper coin; field; together

bào

bào — Compatriot; used in 'đồng bào' meaning fellow countrymen

đang

đang — Progressive aspect marker; currently doing something

chịu

chịu — To endure, bear, suffer; to accept or tolerate

cực

cực — Extreme hardship, exhaustion; extremely difficult

tin

tin — To believe, trust; news or information message

biện

biện — To argue, debate, defend; used in 'biện hộ' advocate

hộ

hộ — To advocate, protect, defend; household; on behalf of

lý

lý — Reason, logic, rationale; to reason or manage

sẽ

sẽ — Will, shall; future tense marker in Vietnamese

cho

cho — To give, for, allow; benefactive preposition

táo

táo — Bold, daring; apple; used in 'táo bạo' meaning bold

bạo

bạo — Bold, daring, violent; used in 'táo bạo' audacious

phụ

phụ — Female, auxiliary, secondary; to assist or support

Nguyện

Nguyện — To pray, wish, vow; earnest hope or prayer

Đức

Đức — Virtue, morality; God's title; Germany; moral character

Chúa

Chúa — Lord, God, master; divine ruler or deity

Trời

Trời — Sky, heaven, God; the divine or supreme being

trên

trên — Above, on top of, up; upper position or heaven

thiên

thiên — Heaven, sky; divine; used in 'thiên đàng' paradise

đàng

đàng — Path, way; paradise; used in 'thiên đàng' heaven

truyền

truyền — To transmit, pass on, inspire; to spread knowledge

cảm

cảm — Feeling, emotion, inspiration; to feel or be moved

hứng

hứng — Inspiration, enthusiasm; to inspire or motivate someone

đặc

đặc — Special, particular, distinctive; especially or specifically

biệt

biệt — Special, separate, particular; used in 'đặc biệt' especially

vào

vào — Into, in; to enter; directional particle inward

ngày

ngày — Day, date; daytime; a specific calendar day

trọng

trọng — Important, significant, weighty; to respect or value

đại

đại — Great, major, grand; used in 'trọng đại' momentous

khi

khi — When, at the time that something occurs

vấn

vấn — Question, issue, matter; used in 'vấn đề' problem

đề

đề — Topic, issue, problem; used in 'vấn đề' question

Bãi

Bãi — To abolish, cancel; beach; used in 'bãi bỏ' abolish

bỏ

bỏ — To abandon, abolish, drop; to give up something

đem

đem — To bring, carry, take something to a place

ra

ra — Out, outward; to come out; directional particle

thảo

thảo — To draft, discuss; herb; used in 'thảo luận' discuss

luận

luận — To discuss, debate, argue; used in 'thảo luận'

hàng

hàng — Row, line, rank; goods; thousands; tens of thousands

nghìn

nghìn — Thousand; used in 'hàng nghìn' meaning thousands of

tùy

tùy — Depending on, according to; optional or discretionary

theo

theo — According to, following; to follow or accompany

Quyết

Quyết — To decide, resolve; determined; used in 'quyết định'

định

định — Decision, determination; to determine or decide firmly

trông

trông — To look, watch over; to hope or wait expectantly

chờ

chờ — To wait for, await; to expect something to happen

Hạnh

Hạnh — Happiness, virtue, good fortune; blessed state

Phúc

Phúc — Happiness, blessing, good fortune; used in 'hạnh phúc'

hay

hay — Or; interesting, good; or else; frequently

Khổ

Khổ — Suffering, misery, hardship; to be in pain

Đau

Đau — Pain, ache, suffering; used in 'đau khổ' misery

Kính

Kính — Respectfully; to honor; used in formal salutations

thưa

thưa — Respectful address term; to speak humbly to superior

Quý

Quý — Honorable, esteemed, precious; respectful address term

Lãnh

Lãnh — To lead, receive; lord; used in 'lãnh chúa' lord

Ông

Ông — Mister, sir, gentleman; grandfather; respectful title

Người

Người — Person, human; honorific used for respected individuals

tớ

tớ — I, me; humble first-person pronoun, servant's voice

khiêm

khiêm — Humble, modest; used in 'khiêm tốn' meaning humble

tốn

tốn — Modest, humble; to cost or spend; used in 'khiêm tốn'

trung

trung — Loyal, faithful, devoted; middle; used in 'trung thành'

nhất

nhất — Most, number one; superlative marker in Vietnamese

Phố

Phố — Street, neighborhood, urban area; used in addresses

tháng

tháng — Month; used with numbers to indicate calendar months

năm

năm — Year; five; used for calendar years and dates