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The Prince — Page 8

English → It Preface Level 8/10

It is impossible to follow here the varying fortunes of the Italian states, which in 1507 were controlled by France, Spain, and Germany, with results that have lasted to our day; we are concerned with those events, and with the three great actors in them, so far only as they impinge on the personality of Machiavelli.

È impossibile seguire qui le alterne vicende degli stati italiani, che nel 1507 erano controllati da Francia, Spagna e Germania, con risultati che sono durati fino ai nostri giorni; ci occupiamo di quegli eventi, e dei tre grandi protagonisti di essi, solo nella misura in cui incidono sulla personalità di Machiavelli.

He had several meetings with Louis XII of France, and his estimate of that monarch's character has already been alluded to.

Ebbe diversi incontri con Luigi XII di Francia, e la sua valutazione del carattere di quel monarca è già stata accennata.

Machiavelli has painted Ferdinand of Aragon as the man who accomplished great things under the cloak of religion, but who in reality had no mercy, faith, humanity, or integrity; and who, had he allowed himself to be influenced by such motives, would have been ruined.

Machiavelli ha ritratto Ferdinando d'Aragona come l'uomo che compì grandi imprese sotto il manto della religione, ma che in realtà non aveva misericordia, fede, umanità o integrità; e che, se si fosse lasciato influenzare da tali motivi, sarebbe stato rovinato.

The Emperor Maximilian was one of the most interesting men of the age, and his character has been drawn by many hands; but Machiavelli, who was an envoy at his court in 1507-8, reveals the secret of his many failures when he describes him as a secretive man, without force of character—ignoring the human agencies necessary to carry his schemes into effect, and never insisting on the fulfilment of his wishes.

L'imperatore Massimiliano fu uno degli uomini più interessanti dell'epoca, e il suo carattere è stato descritto da molte penne; ma Machiavelli, che fu inviato alla sua corte nel 1507-8, rivela il segreto dei suoi numerosi fallimenti quando lo descrive come un uomo riservato, privo di forza di carattere — che ignorava gli strumenti umani necessari per attuare i suoi piani, e non insisteva mai nel far rispettare i propri desideri.

The remaining years of Machiavelli's official career were filled with events arising out of the League of Cambrai, made in 1508 between the three great European powers already mentioned and the pope, with the object of crushing the Venetian Republic.

Gli anni restanti della carriera ufficiale di Machiavelli furono riempiti da eventi scaturiti dalla Lega di Cambrai, stipulata nel 1508 tra le tre grandi potenze europee già menzionate e il papa, con l'obiettivo di schiacciare la Repubblica Veneziana.

Vocabulary

impossibile
Something that cannot be done or achieved.
seguire
To follow, track, or keep up with something.
qui
In this place; at this location.
alterne
Alternating, shifting, or changing in turns.
vicende
Events, affairs, or turns of fortune over time.
stati
States or political entities; also past participle of 'essere'.
italiani
Relating to Italy or its people and culture.
controllati
Controlled, governed, or held under authority.
Francia
The country France, located in western Europe.
Spagna
The country Spain, located in southwestern Europe.
Germania
The country Germany, located in central Europe.
risultati
Results, outcomes, or consequences of actions or events.
durati
Lasted, endured, or persisted over a period of time.
fino
Up to, until, or as far as a point.
giorni
Days; periods of twenty-four hours.
occupiamo
We deal with, occupy ourselves with, or focus on.
quegli
Demonstrative adjective meaning 'those' (masculine plural, distant).
eventi
Events, occurrences, or happenings of significance.
grandi
Great, large, or important in size or significance.
protagonisti
Main actors, protagonists, or key figures in events.
solo
Only, alone, or just; limited to one thing.
misura
Measure, extent, or degree of something.
cui
Relative pronoun meaning 'which', 'whom', or 'whose'.
incidono
They affect, impact, or have influence on something.
personalità
Personality, character, or individual traits of a person.
Ebbe
Third person singular passato remoto of 'avere'; he had.
diversi
Several, various, or different in number or kind.
incontri
Meetings, encounters, or face-to-face interactions.
valutazione
Evaluation, assessment, or judgment of something or someone.
carattere
Character, nature, or personal qualities of an individual.
quel
Demonstrative adjective meaning 'that' (masculine singular, distant).
monarca
A monarch, king, or sole ruler of a state.
già
Already, previously, or by this time.
accennata
Mentioned, hinted at, or briefly referred to earlier.
ritratto
Portrayed, depicted; also a portrait or representation.
l'uomo
The man; a human male individual.
compì
He accomplished, carried out, or completed an action.
imprese
Enterprises, deeds, or bold undertakings and ventures.
sotto
Under, beneath, or below something in position or guise.
manto
Cloak, mantle, or covering; figuratively a pretext or guise.
religione
Religion, faith, or organized system of spiritual belief.
realtà
Reality, truth, or the actual state of things.
misericordia
Mercy, compassion, or pity shown toward others.
fede
Faith, trust, belief, or loyalty toward someone or something.
umanità
Humanity, human nature, or compassion for fellow people.
integrità
Integrity, honesty, or moral uprightness of character.
fosse
Third person singular imperfect subjunctive of 'essere'; were.
lasciato
Left, allowed, or let something happen; past participle of 'lasciare'.
influenzare
To influence, affect, or exert power over someone.
tali
Such, those kinds of; referring to previously mentioned things.
motivi
Motives, reasons, or motivations behind actions or behavior.
sarebbe
Third person singular conditional of 'essere'; he/she would be.
stato
Been (past participle of 'essere'); also state or nation.
rovinato
Ruined, destroyed, or brought to a state of ruin.
L'imperatore
The emperor; supreme ruler of an empire.
fu
Third person singular passato remoto of 'essere'; he/she was.
uomini
Men; plural of 'uomo', adult male human beings.
più
More, most; used in comparisons or to indicate greater degree.
interessanti
Interesting, engaging, or capturing attention and curiosity.
dell'epoca
Of the era, period, or historical time in question.
descritto
Described, depicted, or portrayed in writing or speech.
molte
Many, numerous (feminine plural); a large quantity of something.
penne
Pens or quills; writers; also a type of pasta.
inviato
Sent, dispatched; also an envoy or special representative.
corte
Court, as in a royal or imperial court or courtyard.
rivela
Reveals, discloses, or uncovers previously hidden information.
segreto
Secret, hidden, or confidential; something kept from others.
numerosi
Numerous, many, or a large number of things or people.
fallimenti
Failures, collapses, or bankruptcies; lack of success.
quando
When; at the time that a specific event occurs.
descrive
Describes, portrays, or gives an account of something.
uomo
Man; an adult male human being.
riservato
Reserved, secretive, or keeping things to oneself.
privo
Lacking, deprived of, or without a particular quality.
forza
Force, strength, or power; physical or moral energy.
ignorava
He/she ignored or was unaware of something; imperfect tense.
strumenti
Instruments, tools, or means used to accomplish something.
umani
Human (masculine plural); relating to people or human nature.
necessari
Necessary, required, or essential for a particular purpose.
attuare
To implement, carry out, or put plans into practice.
piani
Plans, schemes, or strategies for achieving a goal.
insisteva
He/she insisted, persisted, or kept pressing a point.
mai
Never, ever; used with negation or in emphatic questions.
rispettare
To respect, comply with, or observe rules and wishes.
propri
Own (masculine plural); belonging to oneself, one's own.
desideri
Desires, wishes, or wants of a person.
anni
Years; periods of twelve months in time.
restanti
Remaining, leftover, or yet to come after a point.
carriera
Career, professional life, or course of employment.
ufficiale
Official, formal, or authorized; relating to an official role.
furono
Third person plural passato remoto of 'essere'; they were.
riempiti
Filled, occupied, or taken up with activities or events.
scaturiti
Arising, springing, or originating from a source or cause.
Lega
League, alliance, or coalition of political or military powers.
stipulata
Stipulated, agreed upon, or formally established by contract.
tra
Preposition meaning 'between', 'among', or 'within'.
potenze
Powers, major states, or influential political entities.
europee
European (feminine plural); relating to the continent of Europe.
menzionate
Mentioned, cited, or previously referred to in discussion.
papa
The Pope; head of the Roman Catholic Church.
l'obiettivo
The objective, goal, or aim of an action or plan.
schiacciare
To crush, squash, or overwhelm a person or entity.
Repubblica
Republic; a state governed by elected representatives.
Veneziana
Venetian; relating to Venice or the Republic of Venice.
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