The Prince — Page 9

Vocabulary

Questo

KWES-toh — This; demonstrative pronoun or adjective indicating nearness

risultato

ree-zool-TAH-toh — Result, outcome of an action or event

fu

foo — Was; third person singular past tense of essere

ottenuto

ot-teh-NOO-toh — Obtained, achieved, or acquired through effort

nella

NEL-lah — In the; contraction of in and la

battaglia

bat-TAH-lyah — Battle; armed military conflict between opposing forces

di

dee — Of, from; common Italian preposition indicating belonging

quando

KWAN-doh — When; conjunction introducing a time clause

Venezia

veh-NEH-tsyah — Venice; major Italian city and historical maritime republic

perse

PER-seh — Lost; third person singular past tense of perdere

in

een — In, into; common Italian preposition of location

un

oon — A, an; masculine indefinite article

solo

SOH-loh — Only, alone, single; indicating exclusivity or solitude

giorno

JOR-noh — Day; unit of time consisting of twenty-four hours

tutto

TOOT-toh — All, everything, entire; indicating totality or completeness

ciò

choh — That, that which; neutral demonstrative pronoun

che

keh — That, which, who; versatile conjunction and relative pronoun

aveva

ah-VEH-vah — Had; third person singular imperfect of avere

conquistato

kon-kwees-TAH-toh — Conquered, acquired through military or political power

ottocento

ot-toh-CHEN-toh — Eight hundred; also refers to the nineteenth century

anni

AHN-nee — Years; plural of anno, unit of time

Firenze

fee-REN-tseh — Florence; major Tuscan city, cradle of the Renaissance

ebbe

EB-beh — Had; third person singular passato remoto of avere

ruolo

RWOH-loh — Role, part played in a situation or organization

difficile

deef-FEE-chee-leh — Difficult, hard; describing something requiring effort or skill

da

dah — From, by, since; versatile Italian preposition

svolgere

ZVOL-jeh-reh — To carry out, perform, or unfold a task

durante

doo-RAN-teh — During; preposition indicating time span of an event

questi

KWES-tee — These; masculine plural demonstrative adjective or pronoun

eventi

eh-VEN-tee — Events; occurrences or happenings of significance

complicati

kom-plee-KAH-tee — Complicated, complex; made difficult by many factors

dalla

DAL-lah — From the; contraction of da and la

rivalità

ree-vah-lee-TAH — Rivalry; competitive conflict between two opposing parties

scoppiata

skop-PYAH-tah — Erupted, broken out; past participle of scoppiare

tra

trah — Between, among; preposition indicating position or relation

il

eel — The; masculine singular definite article

papa

PAH-pah — Pope; head of the Roman Catholic Church

e

eh — And; basic coordinating conjunction joining elements

Francesi

fran-CHEH-zee — French; people or things relating to France

poiché

poy-KEH — Since, because; conjunction introducing a causal clause

l'amicizia

lah-mee-CHEE-tsyah — Friendship; close relationship of mutual affection

con

kon — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or association

la

lah — The; feminine singular definite article

Francia

FRAN-chah — France; Western European nation bordering Italy

dettato

det-TAH-toh — Dictated, shaped, determined; past participle of dettare

l'intera

lin-TEH-rah — The entire, the whole; feminine adjective with article

politica

poh-LEE-tee-kah — Politics, policy; system or course of governmental action

della

DEL-lah — Of the; contraction of di and la

Repubblica

reh-POOB-blee-kah — Republic; form of government with elected representatives

Quando

KWAN-doh — When; conjunction introducing temporal clause

nel

nel — In the; contraction of in and il

II

secondo — Second; ordinal number used with names of rulers

formò

for-MOH — Formed, established; past tense of formare

finalmente

fee-nal-MEN-teh — Finally, at last; after a long wait or process

Lega

LEH-gah — League; alliance or union of states or parties

Santa

SAN-tah — Holy, saint; feminine adjective denoting sacred status

contro

KON-troh — Against; preposition indicating opposition or conflict

l'aiuto

lah-YOO-toh — The help, the aid; assistance given to someone

degli

DEH-lyee — Of the; contraction of di and gli (masculine plural)

cacciò

kah-CHOH — Drove out, expelled; past tense of cacciare

dall'Italia

dal-lee-TAH-lyah — From Italy; indicating expulsion from the Italian peninsula

si

see — Oneself, reflexive pronoun; also impersonal construction

trovò

troh-VOH — Found itself; past tense of trovare, to find

balia

BAH-lyah — Power, control; at the mercy of someone

del

del — Of the; contraction of di and il (masculine singular)

Papa

PAH-pah — Pope; leader of the Roman Catholic Church

dovette

doh-VET-teh — Had to, was obliged; past tense of dovere

sottomettersi

sot-toh-MET-ter-see — To submit, surrender oneself to another's authority

alle

AL-leh — To the; contraction of a and le (feminine plural)

sue

SOO-eh — His, her, its; feminine plural possessive adjective

condizioni

kon-dee-TSYOH-nee — Conditions, terms; requirements set for an agreement

una

OO-nah — A, one; feminine indefinite article or numeral

delle

DEL-leh — Of the, some; contraction of di and le

quali

KWAH-lee — Which; relative pronoun used in formal constructions

era

EH-rah — Was; third person singular imperfect of essere

fossero

FOS-seh-roh — Were; third person plural imperfect subjunctive of essere

restaurati

res-tow-RAH-tee — Restored; returned to a former position or power

al

ahl — To the; contraction of a and il (masculine singular)

potere

poh-TEH-reh — Power; authority or ability to control others

Il

eel — The; masculine singular definite article

ritorno

ree-TOR-noh — Return; act of coming back to a former place

dei

day — Of the; contraction of di and i (masculine plural)

a

ah — To, at; basic Italian preposition of direction or location

settembre

set-TEM-breh — September; ninth month of the Gregorian calendar

conseguente

kon-seh-GWEN-teh — Consequent, resulting; following as a direct result

caduta

kah-DOO-tah — Fall, downfall; collapse of a government or power

segnale

seh-NYAH-leh — Signal, sign; indication that something should happen

per

pehr — For, by, through; common preposition of purpose

licenziamento

lee-chen-tsyah-MEN-toh — Dismissal, firing from a job or official position

suoi

SWOY — His, her; masculine plural possessive adjective or pronoun

amici

ah-MEE-chee — Friends; plural of amico, close companions

ponendo

poh-NEN-doh — Placing, putting; gerund of porre indicating ongoing action

così

koh-ZEE — Thus, so, in this way; adverb of manner

fine

FEE-neh — End; conclusion or termination of something

alla

AL-lah — To the; contraction of a and la (feminine singular)

carriera

kar-RYEH-rah — Career; professional life or course of employment

pubblica

POOB-blee-kah — Public; relating to the state or community affairs

come

KOH-meh — As, how, like; conjunction or adverb of manner

abbiamo

ab-BYAH-moh — We have; first person plural present of avere

visto

VEE-stoh — Seen; past participle of vedere, to see

egli

EH-lyee — He; formal masculine third person singular pronoun

morì

moh-REE — Died; third person singular past tense of morire

senza

SEN-tsah — Without; preposition indicating absence or lack

riottenere

ryot-teh-NEH-reh — To regain, obtain again something previously held

alcun

al-KOON — Any, some; indefinite adjective, often in negative contexts

incarico

in-KAH-ree-koh — Assignment, post, official charge or responsibility

LETTERATURA

let-teh-rah-TOO-rah — Literature; written works of artistic or intellectual value

E

eh — And; basic coordinating conjunction

MORTE

MOR-teh — Death; the end of life

Età

eh-TAH — Age; period of life or historical era

Al

ahl — To the; contraction of a and il

alcune

al-KOO-neh — Some, a few; feminine plural indefinite adjective

settimane

set-tee-MAH-neh — Weeks; plural of settimana, unit of seven days

sperato

speh-RAH-toh — Hoped; past participle of sperare, to hope

invano

in-VAH-noh — In vain, uselessly; without achieving the desired result

mantenere

man-teh-NEH-reh — To maintain, keep; preserve a position or condition

suo

SOO-oh — His, her, its; masculine singular possessive adjective

sotto

SOT-toh — Under, beneath; preposition of position or subordination

nuovi

NWOH-vee — New; masculine plural adjective indicating novelty

signori

see-NYOH-ree — Lords, masters; plural of signore, rulers or gentlemen

licenziato

lee-chen-TSYAH-toh — Dismissed, fired; past participle of licenziare

decreto

deh-KREH-toh — Decree; official order issued by an authority

datato

dah-TAH-toh — Dated; bearing a specific date on a document

novembre

noh-VEM-breh — November; eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar

Poco

POH-koh — A little, soon after; small amount or short time

dopo

DOH-poh — After, later; preposition or adverb indicating sequence

accusato

ah-koo-ZAH-toh — Accused; charged with involvement in wrongdoing

complicità

kom-plee-chee-TAH — Complicity; involvement in or knowledge of a crime

congiura

kon-JOO-rah — Conspiracy, plot; secret plan to overthrow authority

abortita

ah-bor-TEE-tah — Aborted, failed; referring to an unsuccessful conspiracy

imprigionato

im-pree-joh-NAH-toh — Imprisoned; placed in prison as punishment or detention

sottoposto

sot-toh-POS-toh — Subjected, submitted; exposed to a process or treatment

interrogatorio

in-teh-roh-gah-TOH-ryoh — Interrogation, questioning; formal inquiry by authorities

mediante

meh-DYAN-teh — By means of, through; preposition indicating a method

tortura

tor-TOO-rah — Torture; infliction of pain to extract information

nuovo

NWOH-voh — New; adjective indicating something recent or different

X

decimo — Tenth; ordinal number used with papal or royal names

ottenne

ot-TEN-neh — Obtained, secured; past tense of ottenere

liberazione

lee-beh-rah-TSYOH-neh — Liberation, release; act of being freed from captivity

ed

ed — And; variant of e used before vowels for euphony

ritirò

ree-tee-ROH — Withdrew, retired; past tense of ritirarsi

piccola

PEEK-koh-lah — Small, little; feminine adjective indicating small size

proprietà

proh-pryeh-TAH — Property, estate; land or building owned by someone

San

san — Saint; abbreviated form of santo before masculine names

vicino

vee-CHEE-noh — Near, close; adjective or preposition of proximity

dove

DOH-veh — Where; adverb or conjunction of place

dedicò

deh-dee-KOH — Dedicated, devoted; past tense of dedicare

letteratura

let-teh-rah-TOO-rah — Literature; body of written artistic or intellectual works