The Prince — Page 2
THAT ONE SHOULD AVOID BEING DESPISED AND HATED
QUE SE DEVE EVITAR SER DESPREZADO E ODIADO
CHAPTER XX. ARE FORTRESSES, AND MANY OTHER THINGS TO WHICH PRINCES OFTEN RESORT, ADVANTAGEOUS OR HURTFUL?
CAPÍTULO XX. SÃO AS FORTALEZAS, E MUITAS OUTRAS COISAS ÀS QUAIS OS PRÍNCIPES FREQUENTEMENTE RECORREM, VANTAJOSAS OU PREJUDICIAIS?
CHAPTER XXI. HOW A PRINCE SHOULD CONDUCT HIMSELF SO AS TO GAIN RENOWN
CAPÍTULO XXI. COMO UM PRÍNCIPE DEVE CONDUZIR-SE DE MODO A GANHAR RENOME
CHAPTER XXII. CONCERNING THE SECRETARIES OF PRINCES
CAPÍTULO XXII. ACERCA DOS SECRETÁRIOS DOS PRÍNCIPES
CHAPTER XXIII. HOW FLATTERERS SHOULD BE AVOIDED
CAPÍTULO XXIII. COMO SE DEVE EVITAR OS ADULADORES
CHAPTER XXIV. WHY THE PRINCES OF ITALY HAVE LOST THEIR STATES
CAPÍTULO XXIV. POR QUE RAZÃO OS PRÍNCIPES DE ITÁLIA PERDERAM OS SEUS ESTADOS
CHAPTER XXV. WHAT FORTUNE CAN EFFECT IN HUMAN AFFAIRS AND HOW TO WITHSTAND HER
CAPÍTULO XXV. O QUE A FORTUNA PODE FAZER NOS ASSUNTOS HUMANOS E COMO RESISTIR-LHE
CHAPTER XXVI. AN EXHORTATION TO LIBERATE ITALY FROM THE BARBARIANS
CAPÍTULO XXVI. UMA EXORTAÇÃO PARA LIBERTAR A ITÁLIA DOS BÁRBAROS
DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS ADOPTED BY THE DUKE VALENTINO WHEN MURDERING VITELLOZZO VITELLI, OLIVEROTTO DA FERMO, THE SIGNOR PAGOLO, AND THE DUKE DI GRAVINA ORSINI
DESCRIÇÃO DOS MÉTODOS ADOPTADOS PELO DUQUE VALENTINO AO ASSASSINAR VITELLOZZO VITELLI, OLIVEROTTO DA FERMO, O SENHOR PAGOLO E O DUQUE DI GRAVINA ORSINI
THE LIFE OF CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI OF LUCCA
A VIDA DE CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI DE LUCCA
Nicolo Machiavelli, born at Florence on 3rd May 1469. From 1494 to 1512 held an official post at Florence which included diplomatic missions to various European courts. Imprisoned in Florence, 1512; later exiled and returned to San Casciano. Died at Florence on 22nd June 1527.
Nicolo Machiavelli, nascido em Florença a 3 de Maio de 1469. De 1494 a 1512 ocupou um cargo oficial em Florença que incluía missões diplomáticas em várias cortes europeias. Preso em Florença em 1512; mais tarde exilado e regressou a San Casciano. Morreu em Florença a 22 de Junho de 1527.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUÇÃO
Nicolo Machiavelli was born at Florence on 3rd May 1469.
Nicolo Machiavelli nasceu em Florença a 3 de Maio de 1469.
He was the second son of Bernardo di Nicolo Machiavelli, a lawyer of some repute, and of Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli, his wife.
Era o segundo filho de Bernardo di Nicolo Machiavelli, um advogado de algum renome, e de Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli, sua esposa.
Both parents were members of the old Florentine nobility.
Ambos os pais eram membros da antiga nobreza florentina.
His life falls naturally into three periods, each of which singularly enough constitutes a distinct and important era in the history of Florence.
A sua vida divide-se naturalmente em três períodos, cada um dos quais constitui, de forma singular, uma era distinta e importante na história de Florença.
Vocabulary
- QUE
- ke — Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'which'.
- SE
- se — Reflexive pronoun or conditional conjunction meaning 'if' or 'oneself'.
- DEVE
- de-ve — Third person singular of 'dever'; means 'must' or 'should'.
- EVITAR
- e-vi-tar — Verb meaning to avoid or to prevent something.
- SER
- ser — Verb meaning to be; indicates permanent or essential states.
- DESPREZADO
- des-pre-za-do — Adjective meaning despised, scorned, or held in contempt.
- E
- e — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.
- ODIADO
- o-di-a-do — Adjective meaning hated or greatly disliked by others.
- CAPÍTULO
- ka-pi-tu-lu — Noun meaning chapter, a division of a book or text.
- SÃO
- sãw — Third person plural of 'ser'; means 'are' in English.
- AS
- as — Feminine plural definite article meaning 'the'.
- FORTALEZAS
- for-ta-le-zas — Noun meaning fortresses or strongholds used for defense.
- MUITAS
- mwi-tas — Feminine plural adjective meaning many or numerous things.
- OUTRAS
- ow-tras — Feminine plural adjective meaning other or additional ones.
- COISAS
- koi-zas — Noun meaning things or objects in a general sense.
- ÀS
- as — Contraction of preposition 'a' with feminine plural article 'as'.
- QUAIS
- kwais — Relative pronoun meaning 'which', referring to previously mentioned nouns.
- OS
- us — Masculine plural definite article meaning 'the'.
- PRÍNCIPES
- prin-si-pes — Noun meaning princes or rulers of a principality.
- FREQUENTEMENTE
- fre-kwen-te-men-te — Adverb meaning frequently or often, with great regularity.
- RECORREM
- re-ko-rẽ — Verb meaning they resort to or have recourse to something.
- VANTAJOSAS
- van-ta-zho-zas — Adjective meaning advantageous or beneficial, producing gain or benefit.
- OU
- ow — Conjunction meaning 'or', presenting an alternative option.
- PREJUDICIAIS
- pre-zhu-di-si-ais — Adjective meaning harmful, detrimental, or prejudicial to something.
- COMO
- ko-mu — Conjunction or adverb meaning how or as in comparisons.
- UM
- ũ — Masculine indefinite article or numeral meaning 'a' or 'one'.
- PRÍNCIPE
- prin-si-pe — Noun meaning prince or a ruler of a principality.
- CONDUZIR-SE
- kon-du-zir-se — Reflexive verb meaning to conduct oneself or behave appropriately.
- DE
- de — Preposition meaning of or from, indicating origin or belonging.
- MODO
- mo-du — Noun meaning manner, way, or mode of doing something.
- A
- a — Feminine definite article or preposition meaning 'the' or 'to'.
- GANHAR
- ga-nyar — Verb meaning to gain, earn, or win something desirable.
- RENOME
- re-no-me — Noun meaning renown, fame, or widespread positive reputation.
- ACERCA
- a-ser-ka — Preposition meaning about or concerning a particular subject.
- DOS
- dus — Contraction of preposition 'de' with masculine plural article 'os'.
- SECRETÁRIOS
- se-kre-ta-ri-us — Noun meaning secretaries or personal administrative assistants to rulers.
- ADULADORES
- a-du-la-do-res — Noun meaning flatterers or sycophants who offer excessive praise.
- POR
- por — Preposition meaning for, by, or through in various contexts.
- RAZÃO
- ra-zãw — Noun meaning reason, cause, or rationale behind an action.
- PERDERAM
- per-de-rãw — Verb past tense; they lost something, such as power or territory.
- SEUS
- se-us — Possessive adjective meaning his, her, or their in masculine plural.
- ESTADOS
- es-ta-dus — Noun meaning states or territories governed by a ruler.
- O
- u — Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'.
- FORTUNA
- for-tu-na — Noun meaning fortune, fate, or chance influencing human affairs.
- PODE
- po-de — Verb meaning can or is able to; third person singular.
- FAZER
- fa-zer — Verb meaning to do or to make something happen.
- NOS
- nus — Contraction of 'em' and 'os'; meaning 'in the' masculine plural.
- ASSUNTOS
- a-sun-tus — Noun meaning matters, affairs, or subjects of concern or discussion.
- HUMANOS
- u-ma-nus — Adjective meaning human; relating to or characteristic of humanity.
- RESISTIR-LHE
- re-zis-tir-lye — Reflexive verb phrase meaning to resist it or withstand fortune.
- UMA
- u-ma — Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'.
- EXORTAÇÃO
- e-zor-ta-sãw — Noun meaning exhortation, a strong urging or appeal to action.
- PARA
- pa-ra — Preposition meaning for, to, or in order to do something.
- LIBERTAR
- li-ber-tar — Verb meaning to liberate or free from oppression or captivity.
- BÁRBAROS
- bar-ba-rus — Noun meaning barbarians, foreigners considered uncivilized or invaders.
- DESCRIÇÃO
- des-kri-sãw — Noun meaning description or detailed account of events or methods.
- MÉTODOS
- me-to-dus — Noun meaning methods or systematic procedures used to achieve goals.
- ADOPTADOS
- a-do-ta-dus — Adjective meaning adopted or employed as a chosen course of action.
- PELO
- pe-lu — Contraction of 'por' and 'o'; meaning 'by the' masculine singular.
- DUQUE
- du-ke — Noun meaning duke, a high-ranking nobleman or territorial ruler.
- AO
- aw — Contraction of 'a' and 'o'; meaning 'to the' masculine singular.
- ASSASSINAR
- a-sa-si-nar — Verb meaning to assassinate or murder a prominent figure.
- DA
- da — Contraction of 'de' and 'a'; meaning 'of the' feminine singular.
- SENHOR
- se-nyor — Noun meaning lord, mister, or a title of respect for men.
- VIDA
- vi-da — Noun meaning life or the biography of a person.
- nascido
- nas-si-du — Adjective meaning born; referring to the place or time of birth.
- em
- ẽ — Preposition meaning in or at, indicating location or time.
- a
- a — Preposition or feminine article meaning to, at, or the.
- de
- de — Preposition meaning of or from, used in dates and descriptions.
- Maio
- mai-u — Noun meaning May, the fifth month of the calendar year.
- De
- de — Preposition meaning from or of, indicating a starting point in time.
- ocupou
- o-ku-pow — Verb past tense; he occupied or held an official position or role.
- um
- ũ — Masculine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'.
- cargo
- kar-gu — Noun meaning position, post, or official role in government.
- oficial
- o-fi-si-al — Adjective meaning official, relating to an authoritative government position.
- que
- ke — Relative pronoun meaning that or which, linking clauses.
- incluía
- in-klu-i-a — Verb imperfect tense; included or involved certain tasks or duties.
- missões
- mi-sõis — Noun meaning missions or diplomatic assignments to foreign courts.
- diplomáticas
- di-plo-ma-ti-kas — Adjective meaning diplomatic, relating to official negotiations between states.
- várias
- va-ri-as — Adjective meaning various or several, referring to multiple different things.
- cortes
- kor-tes — Noun meaning courts, referring to royal or noble governing establishments.
- europeias
- ew-ro-pe-ias — Adjective meaning European, relating to countries or nations of Europe.
- Preso
- pre-zu — Adjective meaning imprisoned or arrested; held captive by authorities.
- mais
- mais — Adverb meaning more or most, indicating greater degree or quantity.
- tarde
- tar-de — Adverb meaning later or late; indicating a subsequent point in time.
- exilado
- e-zi-la-du — Adjective meaning exiled or banished from one's homeland by authorities.
- e
- e — Conjunction meaning and, connecting words or phrases together.
- regressou
- re-gre-sow — Verb past tense; returned or came back to a place.
- Morreu
- mo-rew — Verb past tense; died; ceased to live at a specific time.
- Junho
- zhu-nyu — Noun meaning June, the sixth month of the calendar year.
- INTRODUÇÃO
- in-tro-du-sãw — Noun meaning introduction, the opening section of a book or text.
- nasceu
- nas-sew — Verb past tense; was born at a specific time or place.
- Era
- e-ra — Verb imperfect tense; was, describing a past state of being.
- o
- u — Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'.
- segundo
- se-gun-du — Adjective meaning second in order or sequence among siblings.
- filho
- fi-lyu — Noun meaning son or child of a particular parent.
- advogado
- ad-vo-ga-du — Noun meaning lawyer or attorney, a legal professional.
- algum
- al-gũ — Indefinite adjective meaning some or a certain degree of something.
- renome
- re-no-me — Noun meaning renown or reputation; being widely known and respected.
- sua
- su-a — Possessive adjective meaning his, her, or its in feminine singular.
- esposa
- es-po-za — Noun meaning wife or female spouse in a marriage.
- Ambos
- am-bus — Adjective meaning both, referring to two people or things together.
- os
- us — Masculine plural definite article meaning 'the'.
- pais
- pais — Noun meaning parents, referring to both father and mother.
- eram
- e-rãw — Verb imperfect tense; were, describing a past state of being.
- membros
- mem-brus — Noun meaning members, persons belonging to a group or organization.
- da
- da — Contraction of 'de' and 'a'; meaning 'of the' feminine singular.
- antiga
- an-ti-ga — Adjective meaning ancient, old, or long-established in history.
- nobreza
- no-bre-za — Noun meaning nobility, the social class of aristocrats or nobles.
- florentina
- flo-ren-ti-na — Adjective meaning Florentine, relating to or originating from Florence.
- vida
- vi-da — Noun meaning life or the course of a person's existence.
- divide-se
- di-vi-de-se — Reflexive verb meaning it divides itself or is naturally divided into.
- naturalmente
- na-tu-ral-men-te — Adverb meaning naturally or in a natural, logical manner.
- três
- tres — Numeral meaning three, indicating a quantity or number of parts.
- períodos
- pe-ri-o-dus — Noun meaning periods or distinct phases of time in history.
- cada
- ka-da — Adjective meaning each or every one of a set of things.
- dos
- dus — Contraction of 'de' and 'os'; meaning 'of the' masculine plural.
- quais
- kwais — Relative pronoun meaning which, referring to previously mentioned items.
- constitui
- kon-sti-twi — Verb meaning constitutes or forms an important part of something.
- forma
- for-ma — Noun meaning form, shape, or manner in which something exists.
- singular
- sin-gu-lar — Adjective meaning singular, unique, or remarkable in a particular way.
- uma
- u-ma — Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'.
- era
- e-ra — Noun meaning era or age, a distinct period of historical time.
- distinta
- dis-tin-ta — Adjective meaning distinct, clearly different or separate from others.
- importante
- im-por-tan-te — Adjective meaning important or significant in terms of impact or value.
- na
- na — Contraction of 'em' and 'a'; meaning 'in the' feminine singular.
- história
- is-to-ri-a — Noun meaning history or story of past events and people.
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