The Prince — Page 2

Vocabulary

论

lùn — To discuss; discourse on a topic

君主

jūnzhǔ — Monarch; sovereign ruler of a state

应

yīng/yìng — Should; ought to; respond to

如何

rúhé — How; in what way or manner

避免

bìmiǎn — To avoid; to prevent something from happening

被

bèi — Passive marker; indicates action done to subject

蔑视

mièshì — To despise; to show contempt for someone

与

yǔ — And; with; together with another

憎恨

zēnghèn — To hate; to feel strong hatred toward someone

第

dì — Ordinal prefix; indicates numbered order in sequence

二十

èrshí — Twenty; the number 20

章

zhāng — Chapter; section of a written work

要塞

yàosài — Fortress; military stronghold for defense

及

jí — And; as well as; reaching up to

常用

chángyòng — Commonly used; frequently employed in practice

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification

许多

xǔduō — Many; a large number or amount of

其他

qítā — Other; the rest; additional things or people

措施

cuòshī — Measure; step taken to achieve a goal

究竟

jiūjìng — After all; exactly; used for emphasis in questions

有利

yǒulì — Advantageous; beneficial; favorable to someone

还是

háishi — Or; still; used in questions offering alternatives

有害

yǒuhài — Harmful; detrimental; causing damage or injury

二十一

èrshíyī — Twenty-one; the number 21

行事

xíngshì — To act; to conduct oneself in a certain way

方能

fāng néng — Only then can; only by doing so can one

赢得

yíngdé — To win; to gain or earn through effort

声誉

shēngyù — Reputation; fame; public esteem for someone

秘书

mìshū — Secretary; personal assistant handling administrative tasks

阿谀奉承

āyú fèngchéng — Flattery; to flatter and fawn over someone sycophantically

意大利

Yìdàlì — Italy; country in southern Europe

诸

zhū — Various; all; many (literary usage)

为何

wèihé — Why; for what reason

丧失

sàngshī — To lose; to forfeit something important permanently

其

qí — His; her; its; their (literary third-person possessive)

国家

guójiā — Country; nation; state

命运

mìngyùn — Fate; destiny; fortune

在

zài — In; at; located at a place or time

人类

rénlèi — Humanity; humankind; all human beings

事务

shìwù — Affairs; matters; business dealings

中

zhōng — In; among; within a group or place

作用

zuòyòng — Role; function; effect something has

抵御

dǐyù — To resist; to defend against an attack

呼吁

hūyù — To appeal; to call on others for support

将

jiāng — Will; shall; about to (future action marker)

从

cóng — From; following from a starting point

蛮族

mánzú — Barbarians; uncivilized foreign tribes or peoples

手中

shǒuzhōng — In the hands of; under someone's control

解放

jiěfàng — To liberate; to free from oppression or control

出来

chūlái — To come out; result of an outward action

公爵

gōngjué — Duke; highest-ranking noble below royalty

谋杀

móushā — To murder; to kill someone with premeditation

阁下

géxià — Your Excellency; respectful address for high officials

所

suǒ — Particle indicating passive or nominalizing a verb phrase

采用

cǎiyòng — To adopt; to use a method or approach

手段

shǒuduàn — Means; method; tactics used to achieve ends

之

zhī — Possessive or linking particle (literary); of

描述

miáoshù — Description; to describe something in detail

传

zhuàn — Biography; written account of someone's life

年

nián — Year; used after a number to indicate year

月

yuè — Month; moon

日

rì — Day; date; sun (used in dates)

生于

shēng yú — Born in; came into being at a place or time

至

zhì — To; until; up to a point in time

担任

dānrèn — To hold a position; to serve in an official role

官职

guānzhí — Official post; government position or office

期间

qījiān — During; within a period of time

曾

céng — Once; previously; at some time in the past

出使

chūshǐ — To be sent as an envoy; diplomatic mission abroad

欧洲

Ōuzhōu — Europe; the European continent

各国

gèguó — Various countries; each nation

宫廷

gōngtíng — Royal court; the household and government of a monarch

遭到

zāodào — To suffer; to encounter something unpleasant

监禁

jiānjìn — Imprisonment; to be confined in jail

后

hòu — After; afterward; behind in time or space

流放

liúfàng — Exile; banishment from one's homeland

辗转

zhǎnzhuǎn — To move from place to place with difficulty

返回

fǎnhuí — To return; to go back to a previous place

卒于

zú yú — Died at; passed away at a place or time

引言

yǐnyán — Introduction; preface; opening remarks of a text

于

yú — At; in; on (literary preposition of time/place)

他

tā — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun

是

shì — Is; am; are; to be

次子

cìzǐ — Second son; the second male child in a family

其父

qí fù — His father; the father of the person mentioned

为

wéi — To be; to serve as (literary copula)

颇有

pō yǒu — Quite; considerably; to have a good deal of

声望

shēngwàng — Prestige; reputation; standing in public esteem

律师

lǜshī — Lawyer; attorney; legal professional

其母

qí mǔ — His mother; the mother of the person mentioned

父母

fùmǔ — Parents; father and mother

均为

jūn wéi — All were; both were; each one was

古老

gǔlǎo — Ancient; very old; long-established

贵族

guìzú — Nobility; aristocracy; people of noble birth

阶层

jiēcéng — Social stratum; class level in society

成员

chéngyuán — Member; a person belonging to a group

一生

yīshēng — One's whole life; lifetime

自然地

zìrán de — Naturally; in a natural or expected manner

划分

huàfēn — To divide; to partition into separate parts

三个

sān gè — Three; a quantity of three items

时期

shíqī — Period; phase; a span of time

每个

měi gè — Each; every one of a group

恰好

qiàhǎo — Exactly; just right; precisely fitting

构成

gòuchéng — To constitute; to form; to make up a whole

历史上

lìshǐ shàng — In history; historically speaking

一个

yī gè — One; a single item or instance

独特

dútè — Unique; distinctive; unlike anything else

而

ér — And; yet; but; linking adjectives or clauses

重要

zhòngyào — Important; significant; of great consequence

纪元

jìyuán — Era; epoch; a distinct period in history