The Republic — Page 7
To the perfect ideal succeeds the government of the soldier and the lover of honour, this again declining into democracy, and democracy into tyranny, in an imaginary but regular order having not much resemblance to the actual facts.
Al ideal perfecto le sucede el gobierno del soldado y del amante del honor, declinando este nuevamente en democracia, y la democracia en tiranía, en un orden imaginario pero regular que no guarda mucha semejanza con los hechos reales.
When 'the wheel has come full circle' we do not begin again with a new period of human life; but we have passed from the best to the worst, and there we end.
Cuando «la rueda ha completado su giro» no comenzamos de nuevo con un nuevo período de la vida humana; sino que hemos pasado de lo mejor a lo peor, y allí concluimos.
The subject is then changed and the old quarrel of poetry and philosophy which had been more lightly treated in the earlier books of the Republic is now resumed and fought out to a conclusion.
El tema cambia entonces, y la vieja disputa entre la poesía y la filosofía, que había sido tratada más superficialmente en los libros anteriores de la República, se retoma ahora y se lleva hasta una conclusión.
Poetry is discovered to be an imitation thrice removed from the truth, and Homer, as well as the dramatic poets, having been condemned as an imitator, is sent into banishment along with them.
Se descubre que la poesía es una imitación alejada tres veces de la verdad, y Homero, al igual que los poetas dramáticos, habiendo sido condenado como imitador, es enviado al destierro junto con ellos.
And the idea of the State is supplemented by the revelation of a future life.
Y la idea del Estado se complementa con la revelación de una vida futura.
The division into books, like all similar divisions (Cp. Sir G.C. Lewis in the Classical Museum, vol. ii. p 1.), is probably later than the age of Plato.
La división en libros, como todas las divisiones similares (Cp. Sir G.C. Lewis en el Classical Museum, vol. ii, p. 1), es probablemente posterior a la época de Platón.
The natural divisions are five in number;—(1) Book I and the first half of Book II down to the paragraph beginning, 'I had always admired the genius of Glaucon and Adeimantus,' which is introductory;
Las divisiones naturales son cinco en número;—(1) el Libro I y la primera mitad del Libro II hasta el párrafo que comienza con «Siempre había admirado el genio de Glaucón y Adimanto», que es introductorio;
the first book containing a refutation of the popular and sophistical notions of justice, and concluding, like some of the earlier Dialogues, without arriving at any definite result.
el primer libro contiene una refutación de las nociones populares y sofísticas de la justicia, y concluye, como algunos de los Diálogos anteriores, sin llegar a ningún resultado definitivo.
Vocabulary
- Al
- To the; at the (contraction of a + el)
- ideal
- Ideal; perfect or desirable state or condition
- perfecto
- Perfect; complete or without flaws
- le
- To him; to her; indirect object pronoun
- sucede
- Happens; occurs; takes place or follows
- el
- The; definite article masculine singular
- gobierno
- Government; system of ruling a state
- del
- Of the; from the (contraction of de + el)
- soldado
- Soldier; military person trained for combat
- amante
- Lover; person who loves or is in love
- honor
- Honor; high respect; sense of moral integrity
- declinando
- Declining; decreasing in power or influence
- este
- This; this one (demonstrative pronoun/adjective)
- nuevamente
- Again; anew; once more; newly
- en
- In; on; at; preposition indicating location
- democracia
- Democracy; government by the people
- la
- The; definite article feminine singular
- tiranía
- Tyranny; cruel oppressive government or rule
- un
- A; an; indefinite article masculine singular
- orden
- Order; arrangement; system; command
- imaginario
- Imaginary; existing only in imagination
- pero
- But; however; yet; conjunction
- regular
- Regular; normal; ordinary; usual or typical
- que
- That; which; who; relative pronoun
- no
- No; not; negation particle
- guarda
- Keeps; maintains; guards; protects
- mucha
- Much; a lot of (feminine form)
- semejanza
- Similarity; resemblance between things
- con
- With; accompanied by; preposition
- los
- The; definite article masculine plural
- hechos
- Facts; deeds; things that have happened
- reales
- Real; actual; royal (plural form)
- Cuando
- When; at what time; conjunction
- rueda
- Wheel; revolves; turns around
- ha
- Has; auxiliary verb for perfect tense
- completado
- Completed; finished; made complete
- su
- His; her; its; your (possessive)
- giro
- Turn; rotation; revolution; change direction
- comenzamos
- We begin; we start; we commence
- de
- Of; from; preposition indicating origin
- nuevo
- New; again; fresh or recent
- período
- Period; length of time; duration
- vida
- Life; living; existence; way of living
- humana
- Human; of or relating to humans
- sino
- But rather; except; unless; fate
- hemos
- We have; auxiliary verb for perfect
- pasado
- Passed; past; gone by; exceeded
- lo
- It; the; direct object pronoun
- mejor
- Better; best; superior in quality
- peor
- Worse; worst; inferior in quality
- allí
- There; in that place; over there
- concluimos
- We conclude; we end; we finish
- El
- The; he; masculine singular article
- tema
- Theme; topic; subject of discussion
- cambia
- Changes; changes (third person singular verb)
- entonces
- Then; at that time; therefore
- vieja
- Old; ancient; aged (feminine form)
- disputa
- Dispute; disagreement; argument; controversy
- entre
- Between; among; in the midst of
- poesía
- Poetry; poems; art of writing poems
- filosofía
- Philosophy; love of wisdom and knowledge
- había
- Had; used to be; past imperfect
- sido
- Been; past participle of ser (to be)
- tratada
- Treated; dealt with; handled (feminine)
- más
- More; most; greater in amount
- superficialmente
- Superficially; in a shallow or surface manner
- libros
- Books; written works; printed volumes
- anteriores
- Previous; earlier; prior in time
- República
- Republic; state governed by representatives
- se
- Oneself; reflexive pronoun; passive voice
- retoma
- Takes up again; resumes; returns to
- ahora
- Now; at the present time; today
- lleva
- Takes; carries; wears; leads; brings
- hasta
- Until; up to; as far as; even
- una
- A; an; indefinite article feminine singular
- conclusión
- Conclusion; end; final decision or judgment
- Se
- Oneself; reflexive pronoun; passive marker
- descubre
- Discovers; uncovers; reveals; finds out
- es
- Is; present tense of ser (to be)
- imitación
- Imitation; copy; mimicry; reproduction
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