The Republic — Page 8

Vocabulary

これ

kore — This; refers to something near the speaker.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.

一般的

ippanteki — General; common; widely applicable or accepted.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

意見

iken — Opinion; view; one's expressed perspective or stance.

基づく

motozuku — To be based on; to rest upon a foundation.

正義

seigi — Justice; righteousness; moral correctness or fairness.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting two nouns.

本質

honshitsu — Essence; true nature; fundamental character of something.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also indicates contrast or emphasis.

付け加えられ

tsukekuwaerare — To be added; to have something appended or supplemented.

見かけ

mikake — Appearance; outward look; how something seems superficially.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

取り除いた

torinozoita — Removed; stripped away; eliminated something from consideration.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quoting content.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.

何か

nanika — Something; anything; an unspecified or unknown thing.

という

to iu — Called; known as; expressing definition or quotation.

問い

toi — Question; inquiry; philosophical or intellectual query.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning toward or in the direction of.

答え

kotae — Answer; response; solution to a question or problem.

求められる

motomerareru — To be sought; to be demanded or required of someone.

第二部

dainiibu — Part Two; second major division of a text or work.

第二巻

dainikan — Volume Two; the second volume of a multi-volume work.

残り

nokori — Remainder; the rest; what is left over.

第三巻

daisankan — Volume Three; the third volume of a multi-volume work.

および

oyobi — And; as well as; used to connect items formally.

第四巻

daiyonkan — Volume Four; the fourth volume of a multi-volume work.

全体

zentai — Whole; entirety; the complete total of something.

含み

fukumi — Including; containing; encompassing within a scope.

主として

shuto shite — Mainly; primarily; for the most part devoted to.

最初

saisho — First; beginning; the very start of something.

国家

kokka — State; nation; an organized political community or government.

教育

kyouiku — Education; the process of teaching and cultivating knowledge.

構築

kouchiku — Construction; building up; systematic establishment of a structure.

充てられて

aterarete — To be devoted to; allocated or assigned for a purpose.

いる

iru — To be; indicates ongoing state or continuous action.

第三部

daisanbu — Part Three; the third major division of a text.

第五巻

daigoken — Volume Five; the fifth volume of a multi-volume work.

第六巻

dairokuken — Volume Six; the sixth volume of a multi-volume work.

第七巻

daishichikan — Volume Seven; the seventh volume of a multi-volume work.

から

kara — From; starting point in time, place, or sequence.

なり

nari — Consisting of; being composed of certain elements.

そこ

soko — There; that place; a previously mentioned location.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means used.

より

yori — More; than; indicates comparison or starting point.

も

mo — Also; too; even; additive or emphatic particle.

哲学

tetsugaku — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions about existence.

探究

tankyuu — Inquiry; investigation; deep pursuit of knowledge or truth.

主題

shudai — Main theme; subject; central topic of discussion.

第二

daini — Second; the second item or rank in a sequence.

共産主義

kyousanshugi — Communism; political ideology advocating collective ownership.

原理

genri — Principle; fundamental rule or law underlying a system.

基づいて

motozuite — Based on; grounded in; founded upon a principle.

されて

sarete — Being done; passive form indicating something is performed.

哲学者

tetsugakusha — Philosopher; a person who studies or practices philosophy.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix indicating a group of people.

統治

touchi — Governance; rule; the act of governing a state.

され

sare — Passive auxiliary; indicates an action is done to subject.

善

zen — Good; goodness; moral virtue or the highest good.

イデア

idea — Idea; Platonic Form; perfect eternal archetype of things.

観照

kanshou — Contemplation; beholding; intellectual or aesthetic observation.

社会的

shakaiteki — Social; relating to society or social relationships.

政治的

seijitek — Political; relating to politics or governance of society.

徳

toku — Virtue; moral excellence; ethical quality of character.

取って代わる

totte kawaru — To replace; to supersede; to take the place of.

第八巻

daihachikan — Volume Eight; the eighth volume of a multi-volume work.

第九巻

daikyuukan — Volume Nine; the ninth volume of a multi-volume work.

堕落

daraku — Corruption; moral decay; degeneration from a virtuous state.

形態

keitai — Form; type; shape or mode of something's existence.

それら

sorera — Those; plural form referring to previously mentioned things.

対応

taiou — Correspondence; response; matching one thing to another.

する

suru — To do; general verb indicating action or performance.

個人

kojin — Individual; a single person as distinct from a group.

順次

junni — In sequence; one after another; successively in order.

検討

kentou — Examination; consideration; careful analysis of an issue.

快楽

kairaku — Pleasure; sensory or physical enjoyment and gratification.

専制

sensei — Tyranny; despotism; absolute authoritarian rule by one person.

において

ni oite — In; at; within; formal expression of location or context.

さらに

sara ni — Furthermore; additionally; even more; to a greater degree.

分析

bunseki — Analysis; breaking down a subject into detailed examination.

される

sareru — To be done; passive verb indicating receiving an action.

第十巻

daijuukan — Volume Ten; the tenth volume of a multi-volume work.

結論

ketsuron — Conclusion; final judgment reached after reasoning or debate.

あり

ari — There is; exists; a formal or literary form of ある.

詩

shi — Poetry; poem; literary art using rhythm and imagery.

関係

kankei — Relation; connection; relationship between things or people.

最終的

saishuteki — Final; ultimate; occurring at the very end conclusively.

確定

kakutei — Determination; confirmation; settling something definitively.

すでに

sudeni — Already; by now; prior to the current point in time.

保証

hoshou — Guarantee; assurance; promise that something is certain.

された

sareta — Was done; passive past tense indicating a completed action.

この世

kono yo — This world; the present life; earthly existence here.

における

ni okeru — In; within; formal particle indicating location or context.

市民

shimin — Citizen; civilian; a member of a city or state.

幸福

koufuku — Happiness; well-being; a state of joy and contentment.

別

betsu — Different; separate; another; distinct from what was mentioned.

世界

sekai — World; the entire earth or a particular realm of existence.

幻視

genshi — Vision; apparition; a mystical or prophetic visual experience.

によって

ni yotte — By means of; through; caused or performed by something.

戴冠

taikan — Coronation; crowning; the act of placing a crown ceremonially.