The Republic — Page 5

Vocabulary

ထို

hto — That; demonstrative pronoun indicating something distant

ဒဿနပညာရှင်

da-tha-na-pyin-nya-shin — Philosopher; a person who studies philosophy

နှစ်ဦး

hnit-oo — Two people; a pair of individuals

သည်

thì — Topic marker particle; also present tense verb marker

သူတို့

thu-to — They; third person plural pronoun

သိရှိ

thi-shi — To know; to be aware of something

နေသည်

ne-thì — Is living; present continuous auxiliary verb

ထက်

htet — Than; comparative particle used in comparisons

ပို၍

po-yway — More; to a greater degree or extent

မြောက်များစွာ

myout-mya-zwa — Numerous; a great many in number

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker; that which, who

တူညီမှု

tu-nyi-hmu — Similarity; the state of being alike

များ

mya — Plural marker; many, a lot

ရှိ

shi — To exist; to have, to be present

ကြ

kya — Plural verb marker; indicates collective action

ထို့ပြင်

hto-pyin — Furthermore; moreover, in addition to that

ရဲ့

yeh — Possessive or emphasis particle; informal 'of'

အချို့သော

a-chó-thaw — Some; certain ones among a group

အရာ

a-ya — Thing; object, matter, or affair

ထဲတွင်

hteh-twin — Inside; within a place or group

ယနေ့တိုင်

ya-ne-tine — Until today; up to the present day

မထုတ်ဖော်

ma-htoat-phaw — Not revealed; not yet disclosed or expressed

ရ

ya — To obtain; can, able to achieve

သေးဘဲ

thay-beh — Still not; not yet done or completed

ကျန်ရှိ

kyan-shi — To remain; to be left over

နေဆဲ

ne-zeh — Still continuing; ongoing at present

ဖြစ်

phyit — To be; to become, to happen

ကောင်း

kaung — Good; nice, beneficial, of high quality

ဖြစ်နိုင်

phyit-nine — Possible; may be, could happen

အင်္ဂလိပ်

in-ga-lit — English; relating to England or its language

ဒဿနပညာ

da-tha-na-pyin-nya — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions

တွင်

twin — In; at, within a location or context

လည်း

leh — Also; too, as well, additionally

ပလေတိုဝါဒီ

pa-le-to-wa-di — Platonist; a follower of Plato's philosophy

သာမက

tha-ma-ka — Not only; besides, in addition to

သို့မဟုတ်

thó-ma-hout — Or; otherwise, alternatively

ကဲ့သို့သော

keh-thó-thaw — Such as; like, similar to, for example

ထူးချွန်

htu-chun — Exceptional; outstanding, remarkably talented

မူရင်း

mu-yin — Original; the primary or first version

စာရေးဆရာ

sa-yay-hsaya — Author; a person who writes literary works

ပါ

pa — Polite particle; also 'also, too, please'

နှင့်

hnin — And; with, together with (connector particle)

သူ

thu — He/she; third person singular pronoun

၏

yeh — Possessive particle; formal 'of, belonging to'

အတွေးအမြင်

a-tway-a-myin — Ideas and views; thoughts and perspectives

ဆက်နွှယ်မှု

set-hwe-hmu — Connection; relationship or link between things

များစွာ

mya-zwa — Many; a great number or amount

ကို

ko — Object marker particle; indicates direct object

ရှာဖွေ

sha-phwe — To search; to look for, to seek

တွေ့ရှိ

twe-shi — To find; to discover, to come across

နိုင်

nine — Can; able to, capable of doing

အတွေ့အကြုံ

a-twe-a-kyoun — Experience; personal encounters and practical knowledge

မြင့်မားသော

myin-ma-thaw — Lofty; elevated, high, of great stature

သမ္မာတရား

tha-ma-ta-ya — Truth; genuine righteous principle or reality

တစ်ခု

tit-khu — One thing; a single item or instance

ရှိသည်

shi-thì — There is; exists, is present

ဆိုသော

hso-thaw — Called; so-called, referred to as

အချက်

a-chet — Point; a fact, key detail, or issue

စိတ်

seit — Mind; heart, emotion, mental faculty

မိမိကိုယ်တိုင်

mi-mi-ko-tine — Oneself; personally, by one's own self

သက်သေ

thet-thay — Evidence; proof or witness to something

ခံ

khan — To receive; to endure or undergo something

၎င်း

da-gin — It/that; formal pronoun referring to previously mentioned

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kya-noup-to — We; formal first person plural pronoun

မျိုးဆက်

myo-zet — Generation; a group of people of similar age

စိတ်အားထက်သန်စွာ

seit-a-htet-than-zwa — Enthusiastically; with great eagerness and passion

ဖော်ထုတ်

phaw-htoat — To reveal; to bring out, to disclose

ခဲ့သော

kheh-thaw — Past tense marker; that which has occurred

ယုံကြည်ချက်

yone-kyi-chet — Belief; conviction or personal faith in something

ဖြစ်ပြီး

phyit-pyi — Having become; after being, and then

တဖြည်းဖြည်း

ta-phyi-phyi — Gradually; slowly and steadily over time

နေရာ

ne-ya — Place; location, position, or spot

ယူ

yu — To take; to bring or adopt something

လာ

la — To come; directional verb meaning toward speaker

ဟု

hu — Quotation marker; said that, called, known as

ဆို

hso — To say; to state, to be called

ကာလ

ka-la — Period; an era or span of time

ကမ္ဘာ

kam-ba — World; the earth or universe

သို့

thó — To; toward, in the direction of

အသစ်သော

a-thit-thaw — New; fresh, recently created or introduced

အသက်

a-thet — Life; age, or the breath of living

တမျှ

ta-mya — As much as; to the same degree

ဆောင်ကြဉ်း

saung-kyin — To bring; to carry or introduce something

ပေး

pay — To give; to provide or offer something

ဂရိ

ga-yi — Greek; relating to Greece or Greek culture

အနက်

a-net — Meaning; definition or deep significance

အကြီးမားဆုံး

a-kyi-ma-zone — Greatest; the largest or most significant one

လွှမ်းမိုးမှု

hlwan-mo-hmu — Influence; dominance or control over others

ရရှိ

ya-shi — To obtain; to gain or receive something

ခဲ့

kheh — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action

သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ

tha-ma-ta-nine-ngan — Republic; a democratic state governed by representatives

ပညာရေး

pyin-nya-yay — Education; the system of learning and teaching

ဆိုင်ရာ

hsine-ya — Related to; concerning, pertaining to a subject

ပထမဆုံး

pa-hta-ma-zone — First; earliest, foremost in order

ကျမ်းဂန်

kyan-gan — Scripture; sacred or authoritative text

တို့

to — Plural marker for pronouns and nouns

တရားဝင်

ta-ya-win — Official; legitimate, formally recognized or legal

အမွေဆက်ခံသူ

a-mwe-zet-khan-thu — Heir; one who inherits legacy or tradition

ကဲ့သို့ပင်

keh-thó-bin — Just like; exactly as, in the same way

အခြားသော

a-hkha-thaw — Other; different, another, the remaining ones

ဘဝ

ba-wa — Life; existence, one's life or living state

ဗျာဒိတ်

bya-deit — Prophecy; divine revelation or inspired vision

ပိုင်ဆိုင်

pine-hsine — To own; to possess, to have ownership of

ဗဟုသုတ

ba-hu-thu-ta — Knowledge; general learning and broad information

ညီညွတ်မှု

nyi-nwat-hmu — Unity; harmony and cohesion among people

ကြောင့်

kyoun — Because of; due to, as a result of

နက်ရှိုင်းစွာ

net-shine-zwa — Deeply; profoundly, with great depth

မှတ်မိ

hmat-mi — To remember; to recall or recollect something

ခရစ်ယာန်ဘာသာ

khayit-yan-ba-tha — Christianity; the religion based on Jesus Christ

အစောပိုင်း

a-zaw-pine — Early; early period or earlier stage

ဘာသာရေး

ba-tha-yay — Religion; matters relating to faith and worship

ကျမ်းဂန်ပညာ

kyan-gan-pyin-nya — Scriptural scholarship; study of sacred religious texts

ပေါ်တွင်

paw-twin — On; upon, on top of something

စစ်မှန်သော

sit-hman-thaw — Genuine; true, authentic, real

သက်ရောက်မှု

thet-yaout-hmu — Impact; effect or influence on something

ပြု

pyu — To do; to make, to perform an action

ခဲ့ပြီး

kheh-pyi — Having done; after completing a past action

စာပေ

sa-be — Literature; written works and literary arts

ပြန်လည်နိုးကြားရေး

pyan-leh-no-kya-yay — Renaissance or revival; cultural reawakening movement

နိုင်ငံရေး

nine-ngan-yay — Politics; affairs relating to governance and state

တစ်ဆင့်ကြား

tit-hsin-kya — Hearsay; heard secondhand, indirectly learned

ပြန်ပြောဆို

pyan-pyaw-hso — To retell; to repeat or narrate again

သည့်အခါ

thìh-a-kha — When; at the time that something happens

စကားလုံး

za-ga-lone — Word; a unit of spoken or written language

အပိုင်းအစ

a-pine-a-za — Passage; a section or fragment of text

ပင်လျှင်

bin-hlyín — Even; even so, even though emphasizing a point

ခေတ်

khet — Era; a period or age in history

အားလုံး

a-lone — All; everyone, everything, the whole

လူသား

lu-tha — Human being; humanity, mankind

နှလုံးသား

hnalone-tha — Heart; inner feelings, soul or conscience

ဖမ်းစား

phan-za — To captivate; to seize or grip attention

စကား

za-ga — Speech; words, language, conversation

မိမိတို့

mi-mi-to — Our own; ourselves, belonging to us

မြင့်မြတ်သော

myin-myat-thaw — Noble; exalted, sublime, highly virtuous

သဘာဝ

tha-ba-wa — Nature; natural character or essence of things

ထင်ဟပ်

htin-hat — To reflect; to mirror or embody something

မြင်တွေ့

myin-twe — To see; to observe or witness something

ကြသော

kya-thaw — Plural relative marker; those who collectively do

သူများ

thu-mya — People; those persons, others

တို့တွင်

to-twin — Among them; within that group of people

စိတ်ကူးယဉ်ဝါဒ

seit-ku-yin-wa-da — Idealism; philosophical doctrine that ideas are primary

ဖခင်

pha-khin — Father; a male parent or paternal figure