The Republic — Page 8
To this is appended a restatement of the nature of justice according to common opinion, and an answer is demanded to the question—What is justice, stripped of appearances?
A isto se acrescenta uma reafirmação da natureza da justiça segundo a opinião comum, e uma resposta é exigida à questão — O que é a justiça, despida das aparências?
The second division (2) includes the remainder of the second and the whole of the third and fourth books, which are mainly occupied with the construction of the first State and the first education.
A segunda divisão (2) inclui o restante do segundo e a totalidade do terceiro e quarto livros, que se ocupam principalmente da construção do primeiro Estado e da primeira educação.
The third division (3) consists of the fifth, sixth, and seventh books, in which philosophy rather than justice is the subject of enquiry, and the second State is constructed on principles of communism and ruled by philosophers, and the contemplation of the idea of good takes the place of the social and political virtues.
A terceira divisão (3) consiste no quinto, sexto e sétimo livros, nos quais a filosofia, em vez da justiça, é o objeto de investigação, e o segundo Estado é construído sobre princípios de comunismo e governado por filósofos, e a contemplação da ideia do bem toma o lugar das virtudes sociais e políticas.
In the eighth and ninth books (4) the perversions of States and of the individuals who correspond to them are reviewed in succession; and the nature of pleasure and the principle of tyranny are further analysed in the individual man.
No oitavo e nono livros (4), as perversões dos Estados e dos indivíduos que lhes correspondem são examinadas em sucessão; e a natureza do prazer e o princípio da tirania são ainda analisados no homem individual.
The tenth book (5) is the conclusion of the whole, in which the relations of philosophy to poetry are finally determined, and the happiness of the citizens in this life, which has now been assured, is crowned by the vision of another.
O décimo livro (5) é a conclusão de todo o conjunto, no qual as relações da filosofia com a poesia são finalmente determinadas, e a felicidade dos cidadãos nesta vida, que agora foi assegurada, é coroada pela visão de uma outra.
Vocabulary
- isto
- this; this thing
- se
- if; oneself (reflexive pronoun)
- acrescenta
- adds; increases
- uma
- a; one (feminine)
- da
- of the (feminine)
- natureza
- nature; natural character or essence
- justiça
- justice; fairness and moral rightness
- segundo
- second; according to
- opinião
- opinion; personal belief or judgment
- comum
- common; shared by many people
- resposta
- answer; reply to a question
- exigida
- required; demanded or needed
- questão
- question; matter under discussion
- que
- that; which; what
- das
- of the (feminine plural)
- aparências
- appearances; outward aspects or impressions
- segunda
- second (feminine)
- divisão
- division; separation into parts
- inclui
- includes; contains as part of whole
- restante
- remaining; what is left over
- do
- of the (masculine)
- terceiro
- third; coming after second
- quarto
- fourth; coming after third
- livros
- books; written works bound together
- ocupam
- occupy; take up space or time
- principalmente
- mainly; principally; for most part
- construção
- construction; building or structure
- primeiro
- first; coming before all others
- Estado
- state; political unit or government
- primeira
- first (feminine)
- educação
- education; teaching and learning process
- terceira
- third (feminine)
- consiste
- consists; is composed or made up
- no
- in the (masculine)
- quinto
- fifth; coming after fourth
- sexto
- sixth; coming after fifth
- sétimo
- seventh; coming after sixth
- nos
- in the; on the (masculine plural)
- quais
- which; what ones
- filosofia
- philosophy; study of wisdom and truth
- em
- in; at; on
- vez
- turn; time or occasion
- objeto
- object; thing; matter of concern
- de
- of; from
- investigação
- investigation; careful examination or inquiry
- construído
- built; constructed or created
- sobre
- on; about; concerning
- princípios
- principles; fundamental rules or beliefs
- comunismo
- communism; political system of collective ownership
- governado
- governed; ruled or controlled
- por
- by; through
- filósofos
- philosophers; thinkers who study wisdom
- contemplação
- contemplation; deep thoughtful consideration
- ideia
- idea; thought or concept
- bem
- good; well; welfare
- toma
- takes; seizes or assumes
- lugar
- place; location or position
- virtudes
- virtues; moral excellences or good qualities
- sociais
- social; relating to society or people
- políticas
- political; relating to government or state
- No
- in the; on the (masculine)
- oitavo
- eighth; coming after seventh
- nono
- ninth; coming after eighth
- as
- the (feminine plural)
- dos
- of the (masculine plural)
- Estados
- states; political units
- indivíduos
- individuals; single persons
- lhes
- them; to them
- correspondem
- correspond; match or relate to
- são
- are; to be
- examinadas
- examined; inspected carefully
- sucessão
- succession; sequence or following order
- prazer
- pleasure; enjoyment or satisfaction
- princípio
- principle; fundamental rule or beginning
- tirania
- tyranny; oppressive and cruel government
- ainda
- still; yet; even
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