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The Republic — Page 6

Chinese → English INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS. Level 9/10

许多现代思想家和政治家的最新观念,例如知识的统一、法则的主宰,以及两性平等,都曾被他在梦中预先构想出来。

And many of the latest conceptions of modern thinkers and statesmen, such as the unity of knowledge, the reign of law, and the equality of the sexes, have been anticipated in a dream by him.

《理想国》的论证是对正义的探寻,其本质首先由公正而无可指摘的老人克法罗斯隐约提示。

The argument of the Republic is the search after Justice, the nature of which is first hinted at by Cephalus, the just and blameless old man—

随后由苏格拉底和玻勒马霍斯以通俗道德为基础加以讨论,

then discussed on the basis of proverbial morality by Socrates and Polemarchus—

继而被色拉叙马霍斯加以讽刺漫画式的歪曲,并由苏格拉底作出部分解释,

then caricatured by Thrasymachus and partially explained by Socrates—

再经格劳孔和阿德曼托斯将其还原为一种抽象概念,在个体中变得无从可见之后,最终在苏格拉底所构建的理想国家中重新呈现。

reduced to an abstraction by Glaucon and Adeimantus, and having become invisible in the individual reappears at length in the ideal State which is constructed by Socrates.

统治者的首要职责是教育,其框架以古希腊旧有模式为蓝本加以勾勒,仅提供改良的宗教与道德,以及更为简朴的音乐与体育教育、更刚健有力的诗歌风格,以及个人与国家之间更大的和谐。

The first care of the rulers is to be education, of which an outline is drawn after the old Hellenic model, providing only for an improved religion and morality, and more simplicity in music and gymnastic, a manlier strain of poetry, and greater harmony of the individual and the State.

由此我们被引向一种更高形态的国家理念,在那里'没有人将任何东西称为自己的所有物',既无'嫁娶婚配'之事,'君王皆为哲学家','哲学家皆为君王';

We are thus led on to the conception of a higher State, in which 'no man calls anything his own,' and in which there is neither 'marrying nor giving in marriage,' and 'kings are philosophers' and 'philosophers are kings;'

同时还有另一种更高层次的教育,既涵盖智识,也涵盖道德与宗教,既包括科学,也包括艺术,且不仅限于青年,而是贯穿人的整个一生。

and there is another and higher education, intellectual as well as moral and religious, of science as well as of art, and not of youth only but of the whole of life.

这样一个国家在现实世界中几乎难以实现,并且很快便会走向衰败。

Such a State is hardly to be realized in this world and quickly degenerates.

Vocabulary

many
许多,数量大
latest
最新的,最近出现的
conceptions
概念,想法,观念(复数)
modern
现代的,当代的
thinkers
思想家,思考者(复数)
statesmen
政治家,国务活动家(复数)
such
如此,这样的,例如
unity
统一,团结,整体性
knowledge
知识,学问,了解
reign
统治,执政,支配
law
法律,法则,规律
equality
平等,均等,相等
sexes
性别(复数),男女两性
anticipated
预期,预见,提前想到
dream
梦想,梦,幻想
argument
论点,争论,论证
Republic
共和国;柏拉图的著作《理想国》
search
搜寻,探索,寻找
Justice
正义,公正,公平
nature
本质,自然,本性
first
首先,第一,最初
hinted
暗示,提示,给出线索
just
公正的,正直的;只是
blameless
无可指责的,无过错的
discussed
讨论,探讨,论述
basis
基础,根据,基本原则
proverbial
谚语式的,众所周知的
morality
道德,伦理,道德观念
caricatured
被讽刺地夸张描绘,漫画化
partially
部分地,不完全地
explained
解释,说明,阐述
reduced
简化,缩减,降低
abstraction
抽象概念,抽象化
become
变成,成为,变得
invisible
看不见的,无形的
individual
个人,个体,个别的
reappears
再次出现,重新显现
length
长度,长篇,最终(at length)
ideal
理想的,完美的,理想
State
国家,政体,邦国
constructed
建构,构建,建立
care
关心,谨慎,注意
rulers
统治者,执政者(复数)
education
教育,教养,培训
outline
轮廓,概要,大纲
drawn
描绘,草拟,draw的过去分词
Hellenic
古希腊的,希腊文化的
model
模型,模式,范本
providing
提供,给予,供应
improved
改进的,改善的,提升的
religion
宗教,信仰,宗教信仰
simplicity
简单,朴素,简洁
music
音乐,乐曲
gymnastic
体操的,体育锻炼的
manlier
更有男子气概的,更刚健的
strain
风格,曲调;压力,紧张
poetry
诗歌,诗,诗意
greater
更大的,更伟大的
harmony
和谐,协调,和睦
thus
因此,这样,从而
led
引导,带领,lead的过去式
conception
概念,构想,观念
higher
更高的,更崇高的
calls
称呼,叫做,称之为
anything
任何事物,任何东西
own
自己的,拥有,所有
neither
两者都不,既不……也不
marrying
结婚,嫁娶,marry的进行时
nor
也不,与neither连用
giving
给予,给出,give的进行时
marriage
婚姻,结婚,婚礼
kings
国王,君主(复数)
philosophers
哲学家(复数),思想家
another
另一个,再一个
intellectual
智识的,知识的,脑力的
moral
道德的,品德的,道义的
religious
宗教的,虔诚的
science
科学,学科,自然科学
art
艺术,美术,技艺
youth
青春,青年时期,青少年
whole
整个,全部,完整的
life
生命,生活,人生
Such
如此的,这样的,这种
hardly
几乎不,勉强,难以
realized
实现,认识到,意识到
world
世界,世间,人间
quickly
迅速地,快速地
degenerates
退化,堕落,衰退
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