The Republic — Page 6
许多现代思想家和政治家的最新观念,例如知识的统一、法则的主宰,以及两性平等,都曾被他在梦中预先构想出来。
And many of the latest conceptions of modern thinkers and statesmen, such as the unity of knowledge, the reign of law, and the equality of the sexes, have been anticipated in a dream by him.
《理想国》的论证是对正义的探寻,其本质首先由公正而无可指摘的老人克法罗斯隐约提示。
The argument of the Republic is the search after Justice, the nature of which is first hinted at by Cephalus, the just and blameless old man—
随后由苏格拉底和玻勒马霍斯以通俗道德为基础加以讨论,
then discussed on the basis of proverbial morality by Socrates and Polemarchus—
继而被色拉叙马霍斯加以讽刺漫画式的歪曲,并由苏格拉底作出部分解释,
then caricatured by Thrasymachus and partially explained by Socrates—
再经格劳孔和阿德曼托斯将其还原为一种抽象概念,在个体中变得无从可见之后,最终在苏格拉底所构建的理想国家中重新呈现。
reduced to an abstraction by Glaucon and Adeimantus, and having become invisible in the individual reappears at length in the ideal State which is constructed by Socrates.
统治者的首要职责是教育,其框架以古希腊旧有模式为蓝本加以勾勒,仅提供改良的宗教与道德,以及更为简朴的音乐与体育教育、更刚健有力的诗歌风格,以及个人与国家之间更大的和谐。
The first care of the rulers is to be education, of which an outline is drawn after the old Hellenic model, providing only for an improved religion and morality, and more simplicity in music and gymnastic, a manlier strain of poetry, and greater harmony of the individual and the State.
由此我们被引向一种更高形态的国家理念,在那里'没有人将任何东西称为自己的所有物',既无'嫁娶婚配'之事,'君王皆为哲学家','哲学家皆为君王';
We are thus led on to the conception of a higher State, in which 'no man calls anything his own,' and in which there is neither 'marrying nor giving in marriage,' and 'kings are philosophers' and 'philosophers are kings;'
同时还有另一种更高层次的教育,既涵盖智识,也涵盖道德与宗教,既包括科学,也包括艺术,且不仅限于青年,而是贯穿人的整个一生。
and there is another and higher education, intellectual as well as moral and religious, of science as well as of art, and not of youth only but of the whole of life.
这样一个国家在现实世界中几乎难以实现,并且很快便会走向衰败。
Such a State is hardly to be realized in this world and quickly degenerates.
Vocabulary
- many
- 许多,数量大
- latest
- 最新的,最近出现的
- conceptions
- 概念,想法,观念(复数)
- modern
- 现代的,当代的
- thinkers
- 思想家,思考者(复数)
- statesmen
- 政治家,国务活动家(复数)
- such
- 如此,这样的,例如
- unity
- 统一,团结,整体性
- knowledge
- 知识,学问,了解
- reign
- 统治,执政,支配
- law
- 法律,法则,规律
- equality
- 平等,均等,相等
- sexes
- 性别(复数),男女两性
- anticipated
- 预期,预见,提前想到
- dream
- 梦想,梦,幻想
- argument
- 论点,争论,论证
- Republic
- 共和国;柏拉图的著作《理想国》
- search
- 搜寻,探索,寻找
- Justice
- 正义,公正,公平
- nature
- 本质,自然,本性
- first
- 首先,第一,最初
- hinted
- 暗示,提示,给出线索
- just
- 公正的,正直的;只是
- blameless
- 无可指责的,无过错的
- discussed
- 讨论,探讨,论述
- basis
- 基础,根据,基本原则
- proverbial
- 谚语式的,众所周知的
- morality
- 道德,伦理,道德观念
- caricatured
- 被讽刺地夸张描绘,漫画化
- partially
- 部分地,不完全地
- explained
- 解释,说明,阐述
- reduced
- 简化,缩减,降低
- abstraction
- 抽象概念,抽象化
- become
- 变成,成为,变得
- invisible
- 看不见的,无形的
- individual
- 个人,个体,个别的
- reappears
- 再次出现,重新显现
- length
- 长度,长篇,最终(at length)
- ideal
- 理想的,完美的,理想
- State
- 国家,政体,邦国
- constructed
- 建构,构建,建立
- care
- 关心,谨慎,注意
- rulers
- 统治者,执政者(复数)
- education
- 教育,教养,培训
- outline
- 轮廓,概要,大纲
- drawn
- 描绘,草拟,draw的过去分词
- Hellenic
- 古希腊的,希腊文化的
- model
- 模型,模式,范本
- providing
- 提供,给予,供应
- improved
- 改进的,改善的,提升的
- religion
- 宗教,信仰,宗教信仰
- simplicity
- 简单,朴素,简洁
- music
- 音乐,乐曲
- gymnastic
- 体操的,体育锻炼的
- manlier
- 更有男子气概的,更刚健的
- strain
- 风格,曲调;压力,紧张
- poetry
- 诗歌,诗,诗意
- greater
- 更大的,更伟大的
- harmony
- 和谐,协调,和睦
- thus
- 因此,这样,从而
- led
- 引导,带领,lead的过去式
- conception
- 概念,构想,观念
- higher
- 更高的,更崇高的
- calls
- 称呼,叫做,称之为
- anything
- 任何事物,任何东西
- own
- 自己的,拥有,所有
- neither
- 两者都不,既不……也不
- marrying
- 结婚,嫁娶,marry的进行时
- nor
- 也不,与neither连用
- giving
- 给予,给出,give的进行时
- marriage
- 婚姻,结婚,婚礼
- kings
- 国王,君主(复数)
- philosophers
- 哲学家(复数),思想家
- another
- 另一个,再一个
- intellectual
- 智识的,知识的,脑力的
- moral
- 道德的,品德的,道义的
- religious
- 宗教的,虔诚的
- science
- 科学,学科,自然科学
- art
- 艺术,美术,技艺
- youth
- 青春,青年时期,青少年
- whole
- 整个,全部,完整的
- life
- 生命,生活,人生
- Such
- 如此的,这样的,这种
- hardly
- 几乎不,勉强,难以
- realized
- 实现,认识到,意识到
- world
- 世界,世间,人间
- quickly
- 迅速地,快速地
- degenerates
- 退化,堕落,衰退
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