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The Republic — Page 13

Chinese → English INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS. Level 9/10

在古代著作中,乃至在一般文学作品中,往往存在着大量原始构思中未曾涵盖的内容。

Now in ancient writings, and indeed in literature generally, there remains often a large element which was not comprehended in the original design.

因为写作计划会在作者的笔下不断生长;他在动笔写作的过程中会涌现出新的想法;他在开始之前并未将论点推演至终。

For the plan grows under the author's hand; new thoughts occur to him in the act of writing; he has not worked out the argument to the end before he begins.

试图从整体中寻找某一统摄性观念的读者,必然只能抓住最模糊、最笼统的东西。

The reader who seeks to find some one idea under which the whole may be conceived, must necessarily seize on the vaguest and most general.

斯塔尔鲍姆对《理想国》论旨的通行诠释感到不满,自以为发现了真正的论旨——"以正义为本、以善的理念为治的完善国家中人类生活的呈现"。

Thus Stallbaum, who is dissatisfied with the ordinary explanations of the argument of the Republic, imagines himself to have found the true argument 'in the representation of human life in a State perfected by justice, and governed according to the idea of good.'

此类笼统的描述或许不无用处,但却难以说是准确表达了作者的创作意图。

There may be some use in such general descriptions, but they can hardly be said to express the design of the writer.

事实是,与其说一部作品只有一个意图,不如说它有许多个意图;凡是思维循联想之自然走向而引出、且不妨碍总体目的的内容,都无需从一部伟大作品的构思中排除出去。

The truth is, that we may as well speak of many designs as of one; nor need anything be excluded from the plan of a great work to which the mind is naturally led by the association of ideas, and which does not interfere with the general purpose.

在建筑、造型艺术、诗歌和散文中,应当追求何种性质或程度的统一性,这是一个必须依据具体题材来加以判断的问题。

What kind or degree of unity is to be sought after in a building, in the plastic arts, in poetry, in prose, is a problem which has to be determined relatively to the subject-matter.

Vocabulary

Now
现在,此刻,表示当前时间
in
在...里面,表示位置或状态
ancient
古代的,很久以前的,年代久远的
writings
文字作品,著作,书面文章
and
和,与,连接两个词或句子
indeed
确实,的确,用于强调陈述
literature
文学,文学作品的总称
generally
一般地,通常,大体上
there
那里,那个地方,存在
remains
仍然保留,遗留物,残余
often
经常,常常,频繁地
large
大的,广阔的,规模大的
element
元素,成分,基本要素
which
哪一个,关系代词,指物
was
是,过去式be动词
not
不,否定词,表示否定
comprehended
理解,领悟,懂得
the
定冠词,用于特指
original
原始的,最初的,起源的
design
设计,计划,意图
For
因为,由于,表示原因
plan
计划,方案,规划
grows
生长,发展,增长
under
在...下面,在...之下
author
作者,著者,创作者
hand
手,掌握,控制
new
新的,新鲜的,崭新的
thoughts
想法,思想,思考
occur
发生,出现,想到
to
到,向,表示方向
him
他,代词,指人
act
行为,行动,法案
of
的,属于,表示所有
writing
写作,书写,文章
he
他,代词,指人
has
有,拥有,完成体
worked
工作,劳动,努力
out
解决,算出,制定
argument
论证,论点,辩论
end
结束,末尾,目的
before
之前,在...前面
begins
开始,着手,开端
The
定冠词,用于特指
reader
读者,阅读者
who
谁,关系代词,指人
seeks
寻求,追求,查找
find
找到,发现,认为
some
某些,一些,大约
one
一个,单数,某人
idea
想法,观念,概念
whole
整体,全部,完整的
may
可能,也许,可以
be
是,存在,成为
conceived
构思,想象,理解
must
必须,必然,一定
necessarily
必然地,必须,必然的
seize
抓住,夺取,捕获
on
在...上,打开,继续
most
最,大多数,很
general
一般的,普通的,通用的
Thus
因此,所以,由此
is
是,表示状态
with
用,与,表示伴随
ordinary
普通的,常见的,平凡的
explanations
解释,说明,阐述
Republic
共和国,柏拉图著作
imagines
想象,以为,设想
himself
他自己,代词
have
有,拥有,完成体
found
找到,发现,建立
true
真实的,正确的,真的
representation
代表,表现,表示
human
人类的,人的,人性
life
生命,生活,人生
State
国家,州,状态
perfected
完善的,完美的,完成
by
被,由,通过
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